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| 1 | 定量古生物学软件PAST及其常用功能显示文摘近半个世纪以来,古生物学涉及越来越复杂的现象与过程,难以用传统的经验科学方法来解决。伴随着相关研究引入日益增多的定量分析,古生物学逐渐成为一门可定量分析的科学。作为最早的古生物学专用的免费统计软件包,PAST功能全面、易于使用,并在过去十几年中发展迅速,目前已在相关软件中占据重要地位。本文在简单介绍该软件基本操作方法的基础上,结合古生物学应用案例,解读最常用到的几类'常规统计分析'与'多元统计分析'的使用;同时,针对古生物学相关领域中的'多样性、丰度及居群结构','形态学'和'生物地层学'问题,给出具体分析实例。在相关案例的分析介绍中,详细梳理用PAST实现这些分析的具体步骤,因而具有较好的实用参考价值。受篇幅所限,文章对软件中其他不常用但相对重要的9个模块只进行简要介绍,以供读者在偶尔涉及该类分析时参考。PAST软件不仅功能强大,而且能够针对古生物学及地层学浮现出来的最新前沿问题不断进行调整、更新,值得在古生物学界推广使用。 | 黄冰 David A T Harper φyvind Hammer | 2013 | 古生物学报2013，52，2： | 28 |
| 2 | 华东志留纪最早期的华夏正形贝动物群及其宏演化意义显示文摘志留纪最早期的腕足动物群在文献中很少记录,与标准笔石相伴者更为稀罕。江西玉山志留系底部因发现Akidograptus ascensus带的笔石而确定该处盛产志留纪初期(鲁丹早期)、多样性较高的腕足动物群。根据组成、性质与层位,它与浙江江山、常山、淳安、余杭等7个地点的同期组合可统一命名为华夏正形贝动物群(Cathay-siorthis Fauna)。它包含了不同群集,都产自细碎屑岩(如泥岩)中,其分布主要受海水深度和距华夏古陆远近的控制。这个动物群生长在奥陶纪大灭绝后的残存期,文章探讨了它的残存特征。研究揭示,奥陶纪末大灭绝对腕足动物演化的一个实质性的贡献在于制约了奥陶纪占优势的A组(正形贝/扭月贝大类群:发育铰合面、窗齿型铰齿、正扭型主突起和简单腕器官)的繁盛态势,滋生了B组(五房贝/无洞贝大类群:发育后转面、弓齿型铰齿和复杂腕器官但缺失正扭型主突起)在志留纪的优势,造成腕足动物宏演化历程中的一次重大转折。文中提出'优势替代滞后型式(Pattern of lag of dominance replacement)',专指A组类群的优势被B组类群替代的时间不是紧跟在奥陶纪末大灭绝之后,而是距大灭绝结束约4Ma之后。文中描记新属华夏正形贝(Cathaysiorthis gen.nov.)。 | 戎嘉余 黄冰 詹仁斌 D A T Harper | 2008 | 古生物学报2008，47，2： | 17 |
| 3 | Successful surgical management of ruptured umbilical hernias in cirrhotic patients显示文摘Acute umbilical hernia rupture in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites is an unusual,but potentially lifethreatening complication,with postoperative morbidity about 70% and mortality between 60%-80% after supportive care and 6%-20% after urgent surgical repair.Management options include primary surgical repair with or without concomitant portal venous system decompression for the control of the ascites.We present a retrospective analysis of our centre's experience over the last 6 years.Our cohort consisted of 11 consecutive patients(median age:53 years,range:36-63 years) with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and refractory ascites.Appropriate patient resuscitation and optimisation with intravenous fluids,prophylactic antibiotics and local measures was instituted.One failed attempt for conservative management was followed by a successful primary repair.In all cases,with one exception,a primary repair with non-absorbable Nylon,interrupted sutures,without mesh,was performed.The perioperative complication rate was 25% and the recurrence rate 8.3%.No mortality was recorded.Median length of hospital stay was 14 d(range:4-31 d).Based on our experience,the management of ruptured umbilical hernias in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and refractory ascites is feasible without the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt routinely in the preoperative period,provided that meticulous patient optimisation is performed. | Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias J Andrew Bradley Simon Harper Andrew Butler Asif Jah Emmanuel Huguet Raaj K Praseedom Michael Allison Paul Gibbs | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，10： | 4 |
| 4 | 过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响显示文摘试验旨在研究饲料中单独添加或综合添加过瘤胃(RP)蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸及可代谢蛋白(MP)对泌乳后期奶牛生产性能的影响。试验选取72头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为6组,试验期9周。奶牛随机分配到6个试验组中,2周作为1个变量周期:MPA组,根据美国国家科学研究委员会(2001)标准,在饲料中添加调节MP到243 g·d-1;MPD组,不添加MP,MP含量低于标准量54 g·d-1;MPDM组,在MPD组的基础上加入RP蛋氨酸;MPDL组,在MPD组的基础上加入RP赖氨酸;MPDH组,在MPD组的基础上加入组氨酸;MPDMLH组,在MPD组的基础上加入RP蛋氨酸、RP赖氨酸和RP组氨酸。试验结果表明,与MPA组对比,MPD组的干物质采食量(DMI)、产奶量、乳成分(乳脂肪、乳蛋白和乳糖)及能量校正的牛乳(ECM)、ECM饲料利用效率、牛奶和血浆中的N均降低。在MPD基础上补充RP赖氨酸可使乳蛋白率、血浆中葡萄糖浓度增加,且牛奶中N元素含量有增加的趋势;补充RP组氨酸可使DMI、牛奶浓缩蛋白增加,且乳脂肪、乳蛋白和ECM显著增加;补充3种RP氨基酸时,增加了乳蛋白率,使DMI和乳脂率有增加趋势,也提高了乳脂肪、乳蛋白含量和ECM及ECM饲料利用效率。与MPA相比,MPD组牛奶中N的含量有降低趋势,且血浆中必需氨基酸(除赖氨酸和蛋氨酸)浓度均降低。补充RP赖氨酸、RP蛋氨酸和RP组氨酸提高了血浆中蛋氨酸(除MPDM组)、赖氨酸和组氨酸浓度。饲喂MPD的奶牛血红蛋白浓度降低,血浆生长素含量高于MPA组。MPD组牛奶中总饱和脂肪酸浓度有高于MPA和MPDMLH组的趋势。MPD组的多元不饱和脂肪、牛奶中奇链与支链脂肪酸含量与MPA组相比,有降低趋势。试验结果表明,对于饲料中缺乏MP的奶牛,在饲料中添加组氨酸和添加3种RP氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸)均有提高牛奶产量和牛奶组分含量的可能性。 | Giallongo F Harper M T Oh J Lopes J C Lapierre H Patton R A Parys C Shinzato I Hristov A N | 2016 | 饲料博览2016，0，7： | 4 |
| 5 | 急性儿茶酚胺暴露引起可逆的无心脏细胞再生的心肌细胞损伤显示文摘儿茶酚胺增加心脏收缩力,但暴露于高浓度儿茶酚胺或长时间暴露可引起心脏损伤。最近的一项研究表明,小鼠单次皮下注射异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO;200 mg/kg)导致急性心肌细胞死亡(8%-10%),但在1个月之内心脏完整修复。心脏再生是通过内源性原癌基因蛋白质cKit+心脏干细胞介导新的心肌细胞形成。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Wallner M Duran JM Mohsin S Troupes CD Vanhoutte D Borghetti G Vagnozzi RJ Gross P Yu D Trappanese DM Kubo H Toib A Sharp TE Harper SC Volkert MA Starosta T Feldsott EA Berretta RM Wang T Barbe MF Molkentin JD Houser SR | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，8： | 4 |
| 6 | Incidental non-benign gallbladder histopathology after cholecystectomy in an United Kingdom population: Need for routine histological analysis?显示文摘AIM To analyse the range of histopathology detected in the largest published United Kingdom series of cholecystectomy specimens and to evaluate the rational for selective histopathological analysis.METHODS Incidental gallbladder malignancy is rare in the United Kingdom with recent literature supporting selective histological assessment of gallbladders after routine cholecystectomy.All cholecystectomy gallbladder specimens examined by the histopathology department at our hospital during a five year period between March 2008 and March 2013 were retrospectively analysed.Further data was collected on all specimens demonstrating carcinoma,dysplasia and polypoid growths.RESULTS The study included 4027 patients.The majority(97%) of specimens exhibited gallstone or cholecystitis related disease.Polyps were demonstrated in 44(1.09%),the majority of which were cholesterol based(41/44).Dysplasia,ranging from low to multifocal high-grade was demonstrated in 55(1.37%).Incidental primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma was detected in 6 specimens(0.15%,5 female and 1 male),and a single gallbladder revealed carcinoma in situ(0.02%).This large single centre study demonstrated a full range of gallbladder disease from cholecystectomy specimens,including more than 1% neoplastic histology and two cases of macroscopically occult gallbladder malignancies.CONCLUSION Routine histological evaluation of all elective and emergency cholecystectomies is justified in a United Kingdom population as selective analysis has potential to miss potentially curable life threatening pathology. | Krashna Patel Khaled Dajani Satheesh Iype Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Saranya Vickramarajah Susan Davies Rebecca Brais Siong S Liau Simon Harper Asif Jah Raaj K Praseedom Emmanuel L Huguet | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，10： | 2 |
| 7 | Early po~stoperative gastrointestinal activity显示文摘 | ROTHNIE N C HARPER R A K CATCHPOLE B N | 1963 | Lancet1963，2，： | 1 |
| 8 | Bo-vine citrullinaemia-A clinical,pathological,biochemi-cal and genetic study显示文摘 | HEALY P J HARPER P A W DENNIS J A | 1990 | Aust Vet J1990，67，： | 1 |
| 9 | An approach for measuring methane emissions from whole farms 显示文摘 | Mcginn S M Flesch T K Harper L A | 2006 | J Environ Qual2006，35，： | 1 |
| 10 | Ketamine:a review of its pharmacologic properties and use in ambulatory anesthesia显示文摘 | Haas D A Harper D G | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 11 | Acin: a 1, 3-di- hydroisobenzofuran from Pestalotiopsis microspora possessing an- tioxidant and antimycotic activities显示文摘 | Harper J K Ford E J Strobe1 G A | 2003 | Tetrahedron2003，59，： | 1 |
| 12 | Development of the World Health Organisation WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment 显示文摘 | Harper A | 1998 | Psychological Medicine1998，28，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Pestacin:a 1,3-dihydro isobenzofuran from Pestalotiopsis microspora possessing antioxidant and antimycotic activities显示文摘 | HARPER J K ARIF A M FORD E J | 2003 | Tetrahedron2003，59，14： | 1 |
| 14 | A new location technique for the active office显示文摘 | WARD A JONES A HARPER A | 1997 | IEEE Personal Communications1997，4，5： | 1 |
| 15 | PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis显示文摘 | ф Hammer D A T Harper P D Ryan | 2001 | Palaeontologia Electronica2001，4，1： | 1 |
| 16 | The world health organization WHORL-100显示文摘 | Power M Harper A Bullinger M | 1999 | Health Psychology1999，18，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Magnetocaloric effect in NiMnGa particles produced by spark erosion显示文摘 | TANG Y J SOLOMON V C SMITH D J HARPER H BERKOWITZ A E | 2005 | J Appl Phys2005，97，309： | 1 |
| 18 | Neurodevelopmental outcomes in congenital hypothyroidism: Comparison of initial T4 dose and time to reach target T4 and TSH显示文摘 | Selva KA Harper A Downs A | 2005 | J Pediatr2005，147，6： | 1 |
| 19 | The development of Akabane virus-induced congenital abnormalities in cattle 显示文摘 | Kirkland P D Barry R D Harper P A | 1988 | Vet Rec1988，122，24： | 1 |
| 20 | Community structure of ectomy-corrhizal fungi across an alpine/subalpine ecotone显示文摘 | KERNAGHAN G HARPER K A | 2001 | Ecography2001，24，2： | 1 |
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