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| 1 | 挪威海底隧道经验显示文摘海底隧道深埋于海水以下,因而在勘探、设计、施工和运行方面都比陆地隧道更困难。挪威在近30a来修建了40条海底隧道,积累了丰富的经验,形成了被称为“挪威海底隧道概念”的一整套技术。规划设计阶段要采用各种可能方法进行尽可能详细的地质勘探,尤其是海洋折射地震波探测,以提供基岩表面深度、基岩地质剖面等重要资料。影响隧道的稳定主要为断层和软弱带,因此,在地质勘探中确认断层和软弱带是极为重要的。施工时需采用精心设计的方法,包括减少每轮爆破的进尺及采用喷射混凝土拱肋、密集长锚桩等。典型的挪威海底隧道衬砌由作为支护的喷锚结构和自立的防水防冻的内衬砌组成。挪威海底隧道的衬砌都按排水结构设计,而不承受外水压力。渗水是海底隧道的最大威胁,施工期应随时了解掌子面前的地质和水文地质条件,超前探测孔和预灌浆是控制渗流的最佳方法,同时必须时刻准备处理可能发生的紧急情况。最小岩石覆盖厚度影响隧道安全和造价,必须慎重考虑,根据岩石条件、稳定要求、渗水量充分论证,大部分挪威海底隧道的最小岩石覆盖厚度都小于50m。海水的腐蚀性给海底隧道带来一系列的特殊问题,须认真对待。 | 吕明 Grφv E Nilsen B Melby K | 2005 | 岩石力学与工程学报2005，24，23： | 106 |
| 2 | ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN 2007年颈动脉支架置入术临床专家共识文件——美国心脏病学会基金会特别工作组关于临床专家共识文件的报告(ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN颈动脉支架置入术临床专家共识文件委员会):与美国介入与治疗神经放射学学会、心血管造影和介入治疗学会、血管医学和生物学学会、介入放射学学会联合发布显示文摘序言
本文件在美国心血管造影和介入治疗学会(Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions,SCAI)、血管医学和生物学学会(Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology,SVMB)、介入放射学学会(Society of Interventional Radiology,SIR)、美国介入与治疗神经放射学学会(American Society of Interventional & Therapeutic Neuroradiology,ASITN)共同倡导下, | Bates ER Babb JD Casey DE Jr Cates CU Duckwiler GR Feldman TE Gray WA Ouriel K Peterson ED Rosenfield K Rundback JH Safian RD Sloan MA White CJ 刘慧慧(译) 吴延华(译) 靳勇(译) 曹勇军(译) 刘春风(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，5： | 52 |
| 3 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 4 | 稳定型冠心病患者其N-末端前B型脑钠肽与远期死亡率的关系 | Kragelund C. Grφnning B. Kφber L. 赵和平 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2005，0，7： | 37 |
| 5 | Interferon-α response in chronic hepatitis B-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells is partially restored by lamivudine treatment显示文摘AIM: To characterize the IFN-response and its modul- ation by the antiviral compound lamivudine in HBV- transfected HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS: HepG2.2.15 and HepG2 cells were stimulated with various concentrations of IFN-a2a in the presence or absence of lamivudine. Then, total RNA was extracted and analysed by customised cDNA arrays and northern blot for interferon-inducible genes (ISGs). In addition, cellular proteins were extracted for EMSA and western blot. HBV replication was assessed by southern blot or ELISAs for HBsAg and HBeAg. RESULTS: Two genes (MxA, Cig5) with completely abolished and 4 genes (IFITM1, -2, -3, and 6-16) with partially reduced IFN-responses were identified in HepG2.2.15 cells. In 2 genes (IFITM1, 6-16), the response to IFN-a could be restored by treatment with lamivudine. This effect could not be explained by a direct modulation of the Jak/Stat signalling pathway since EMSA and western blot experiments revealed no suppression of Stat1 activation and ISGF3 formation after stimulation with IFN-a in HepG2.2.15 compared to HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the assumption that chronic hepatitis B may specifically modulate the cellular response to IFN by a selective blockage of some ISGs. Antiviral treatment with lamivudine may partially restore ISG expression by reducing HBV gene expression and replication. | Shi-He Guan Mengji Lu Petra Grünewald Michael Roggendorf Guido Gerken Joerg F Schlaak | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 22 |
| 6 | Ion Channels in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Rat Bone Marrow显示文摘 | Li GR Deng XL Sun H Chung SS Tse HF Lau CP | 2006 | 中国生物学文摘2006，20，5： | 18 |
| 7 | 石英ESR测年信号衰退特征研究进展显示文摘电子自旋共振(ESR)测年法是第四纪地质年代学的重要测试方法之一,其测年范围广,特别是对于20万年至百万年尺度的第四纪样品有着重要意义。准确测量古剂量是影响ESR测年法精度和可信度的重要因素之一,而掌握ESR信号衰退特征及机制是获得准确、可信古剂量的重要前提。ESR测年法适用的地质样品种类较多,如热液石英脉、地质断层泥、水系沉积物等,不同样品的ESR信号衰退特征和机制有较大差异。近年来,国内外学者针对不同地质样品中石英ESR信号的衰退特征和机制深入开展了一系列的实验室模拟和野外观测研究,取得了诸多新认识。回顾了近年来在石英ESR信号衰退特征领域取得的进展,特别是水系沉积物石英ESR信号的衰退特征,并展望了这一领域的未来工作重点。 | 刘春茹 尹功明 Rainer Grün | 2013 | 地球科学进展2013，28，1： | 17 |
| 8 | Acute and persisting Th2-like immune response after fractionated colorectal γ-irradiation显示文摘AIM:To investigate if an immune imbalance may account for the development and progression of chronic radiation enteritis.We analyzed the Th1/Th2 immune response profile early and 6 mo after fractionated colorectal irradiation. METHODS:A rat model of fractionated colorectal γ-irradiation(4-Gy fractions,3 fractions per week)was designed to investigate the effects of cumulative dose on inflammatory mediators(cytokines and chemo- kines)and immune response(Th1/Th2 profile and im- munosuppressive mediator IL-10)during acute(early) response and 6 mo after the end of fractionated irradia- tion(chronic response).Analyses were performed 1 d after the cumulative doses of 16 Gy and 36 Gy and 1 d, 3 d,and 26 wk after the cumulative dose of 52 Gy. RESULTS:Without causing histological damage,fractionated radiation induced elevated expression of IL-1β, TNFα,MCP-1,and iNOS in distal colonic mucosa during the early post-irradiation phase.At that time,a Th2 profile was confirmed by expression of both the Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 and by suppression of the Th1 cytokine IFNγ/IP-10 throughout the irradiation protocol.After 6 mo,despite the 2-fold reduction of iNOS and MCP-1 levels,the Th2 profile persisted,as shown by a 50% reduction in the expression of the Th1 transcription factor T-bet,the chemokine receptor CCXCR3,and the IFNγ/ STAT1 pathway.At the same time-point,the immuno-suppressive IL-10/STAT3 pathway,known to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance,was expressed,in irradiated rats, at approximately half its level as compared to controls.This suppression was associated with an overexpression of SOCS3,which inhibits the feedback of the Th1 polarization and regulates IL-10 production. CONCLUSION:Colorectal irradiation induces Th2 polarization,defective IL-10/STAT3 pathway activation and SOCS3 overexpression.These changes,in turn,maintain a immunological imbalance that persists in the long term. | Olivier Grémy Marc Benderitter Christine Linard | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，46： | 15 |
| 9 | Climate Change, Risk and Grain Yields in China显示文摘Adopting Just and Pope (1978, 1979) style yield functions, this paper proposes a method to analyze the impacts of regional climate change on grain production in China. We find that changes in climate will affect grain production in North and South China differently. Specifically, it emerges that a 1℃ increase in annual average temperature could reduce national grain output by 1.45% (1.74% reduction in North China and 1.19% reduction in South China), while an increase in total annual precipitation of around 100 mm could increase national grain output by 1.31% (3.0% increase in North China and 0.59% reduction in South China). | Rainer Holst Xiaohua Yu Carola Grün | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2013，12，7： | 14 |
| 10 | 功能性消化不良、胃排空延迟和生活质量下降显示文摘功能性消化不良(FD)是一种临床上最常见的综合征,表现为慢性反复性中上腹疼痛或不适,传统的诊断检测方法不能检测出病因。许多FD患者诉说症状与饮食有关,但病理生理情况不明。25%~50%的FD患者发生胃排空延迟症状,这与胃窦部动力降低有关。其他FD的异常表现包括胃底容受性限制、胃扩张过度敏感和幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染。 | Talley NJ Locke Ⅲ GR Lahr B Zinsmeister AR Tougas G Ligozio G Rojavin MA Tack J.Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 陆红 | 2006 | 胃肠病学2006，11，2： | 12 |
| 11 | Correlation of IL-8 with induction, progression and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM: To investigate the expression profile of IL-8 in inflammatory and malignant colorectal diseases to evaluate its potential role in the regulation of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the development of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS: IL-8 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in resected specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 6) colorectal adenomas (CRA, n = 8), different stages of colorectal cancer (n = 48) as well as synchronous and metachronous CRLM along with their corresponding primary colorectal tumors (n = 16). RESULTS: IL-8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in all pathological colorectal entities investigated compared with the corresponding neighboring tissues. However, in the CRC specimens IL-8 revealed a significantly more pronounced overexpression in relation to the CRA and UC tissues with an average 30-fold IL-8 protein up-regulation in the CRC specimens in comparison to the CRA tissues. Moreover, IL-8 expression revealed a close correlation with tumor grading. Most interestingly, IL-8 up-regulation was most enhanced in synchronous and metachronous CRLM, if compared with the corresponding primary CRC tissues. Herein, an up to 80-fold IL-8 overexpression in individual metachronous metastases compared to normal tumor neighbor tissues was found. CONCLUSION: Our results strongly suggest an association between IL-8 expression, induction and progression of colorectal carcinoma and the development of colorectal liver metastases. | Claudia Rubie Vilma Oliveira Frick Sandra Pfeil Mathias Wagner Otto Kollmar Berit Kopp Stefan Grber Bettina M Rau Martin K Schilling | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，37： | 12 |
| 12 | Effects of resveratrol in experimental and clinical non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘The prevalence of obesity and related conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and therapeutic options are limited.Alternative treatment options are therefore intensively sought after.An interesting candidate is the natural polyphenol resveratrol(RSV) that activates adenosinmonophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and silent information regulation-2 homolog 1(SIRT1).In addition,RSV has known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Here,we review the current evidence for RSVmediated effects on NAFLD and address the different aspects of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) pathogenesis with respect to free fatty acid(FFA) flux from adipose tissue,hepatic de novo lipogenesis,inadequate FFA β-oxidation and additional intra- and extrahepatic inflammatory and oxidant hits.We review the in vivo evidence from animal studies and clinical trials.The abundance of animal studies reports a decrease in hepatic triglyceride accumulation,liver weight and a general improvement in histological fatty liver changes,along with a reduction in circulating insulin,glucose and lipid levels.Some studies document AMPK or SIRT1 activation,and modulation of relevant markers of hepatic lipogenesis,inflammation and oxidation status.However,AMPK/SIRT1-independent actions are also likely.Clinical trials are scarce and have primarily been performed with a focus on overweight/obese participants without a focus on NAFLD/NASH and histological liver changes.Future clinical studies with appropriate design are needed to clarify the true impact of RSV treatment in NAFLD/NASH patients. | Sara Heebll Karen Louise Thomsen Steen B Pedersen Hendrik Vilstrup Jacob George Henning Grnbk | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，4： | 11 |
| 13 | Bariatric surgery in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-from pathophysiology to clinical effects显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant liver disease,and it covers the disease spectrum from simple steatosis with a risk of development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) to fibrosis,subsequent cirrhosis,end-stage liver failure,and liver cancer with a potential need for liver transplantation.NAFLD and NASH are closely related to obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes(T2 D).The role of gut hormones,especially glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1),is important in NAFLD.Bariatric surgery has the potential for inducing great weight loss and may improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and T2 D.Recent data demonstrated significant effects of bariatric surgery on GLP-1 and other gut hormones and important lipid metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.Therefore,bariatric surgery may reverse the pathological liver changes in NAFLD and NASH patients.In the present review,we describe NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and the primary effects of bariatric surgery on metabolic pathways.We performed a systematic review of the beneficial and harmful effects and focused on changes in liver disease severity in NAFLD and NASH patients.The specific focus was liver histopathology as assessed by the invasive liver biopsy.Additionally,we reviewed several non-invasive methods used for the assessment of liver disease severity following bariatric surgery. | Tea L Laursen Christoffer A Hagemann Chunshan Wei Konstantin Kazankov Karen L Thomsen Filip K Knop Henning Grønbæk | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，2： | 11 |
| 14 | 西班牙医学肿瘤学会(SEOM)实体肿瘤骨转移临床指南(2016)显示文摘恶性肿瘤骨转移常见于许多进展性实体肿瘤,尤其以乳腺、前列腺、甲状腺、肺、肾等部位发生的恶性肿瘤最为多见。骨转移将导致骨相关事件(SREs),即发生病理性骨折、脊髓受压、需行骨放疗或骨科手术、伴发高钙血症等情况,患者出现疼痛和功能障碍,生活质量受到负面影响。临床上需要通过几种影像学技术来明确骨转移诊断。骨靶向治疗包括强效双磷酸盐制剂——唑来膦酸和抗核因子κB受体激动剂配体(RANKL)单克隆抗体药物——狄诺塞麦(denosumab),二者均可降低多种类型肿瘤发生SREs的风险或延迟其进展;镭223是一种α粒子发射源,能够提高激素抵抗性前列腺癌骨转移患者的总存活率;必要时需采取包括骨科手术及放射治疗在内的多科协同疗法。西班牙医学肿瘤学会(Sociedad Espa?ola de Oncología Médica,SEOM)发表的这一指南对骨转移的发病机理、临床表现、实验室检查、影像学诊断与疗效评估、骨靶向制剂以及放疗、手术等局部治疗进行综述,在此基础上为骨转移患者的治疗提供推荐性意见。 | Grávalos C Rodríguez C Sabino A 白朝晖 陈旭琼 | 2017 | 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志2017，9，1： | 10 |
| 15 | 全场彩虹技术测量喷雾浓度及粒径分布显示文摘喷雾颗粒的浓度、粒径等多参数的同时测量是研究喷雾的关键.对应用全场彩虹技术测量双组分液滴的浓度及粒径分布进行了研究.基于改进的Nussenzweig理论,对液滴折射率和粒径分布采用无分布函数算法进行最优化求解,然后通过折射率与浓度的关系反推液滴浓度.用模拟全场彩虹信号对该算法进行了验证,该算法可准确反演具有单峰分布、双峰分布粒径特征的液滴群的折射率与粒径分布.并对体积分数从0%到100%的乙醇溶液喷雾进行了实验测量,结果表明,所测得折射率与理论值符合,粒径分布稳定.该技术在喷雾浓度测量方面具有广阔的应用前景. | 吴迎春 吴学成 Sawitree Saengkaew 姜淏予 洪巧巧 Gérard Gréhan 岑可法 | 2013 | 物理学报2013，62，9： | 9 |
| 16 | Fiat公司的共轨式发动机显示文摘在生产轿车用直喷柴油机的先驱——Fiat公司成功地结束了称为Unijet的共轨式喷油系统的开发工作之后,该系统现已首次装入Alfa Romeo 156型汽车。所用的发动机是排量为1.9 L和2.4L的4缸或5缸直列式发动机。其运转平稳性、行驶性能和噪声性能非常突出。 | Maiorana G Sebastiano GR Ugglia C 平增荣 | 1999 | 国外内燃机1999，31，1： | 8 |
| 17 | 1型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,心脏自身免疫和心血管病的长期风险显示文摘血糖控制不佳与1型糖尿病(type 1diabetes mellitus,T1DM)患者的心血管病风险增加有关;然而,对T1DM的特异性机制知之甚少。在T1DM中,心肌损伤可诱发持续的心脏自身免疫。慢性高血糖症引起心肌损伤,高血糖诱导的心脏自身免疫可能导致长期心血管病并发症的可能性。 | Sousa GR Pober D Galderisi A Lv H Yu L Pereira AC Doria A Kosiborod M Lipes MA 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，1： | 8 |
| 18 | PBL课程的效果显示文摘 | Norm,GR | 2002 | 国外医学(医学教育分册)2002，23，1： | 8 |
| 19 | 黑麦有机氮在土壤中矿化与淋洗的研究显示文摘采用土柱和变温培养方法研究黑麦有机N在土壤中的矿化及淋洗。结果表明,培养八周后约71%的有机N被矿化。有机N矿化明显受温度影响,培养温度由低到高(0~>4~>10~>20℃)的处理比由高到低(20~>10~>4~>0℃)的处理更利于矿化N在土壤中积累。淋洗试验的水分平衡及N的淋洗也受温度影响。约37%的水分在试验过程中因蒸发而损失掉,且温度越高;损失量越大。NH_4-N与MO_3-N的行为不同,MO_3-N在土壤剖面中易移动,而MH_4-N移动缓慢,淋洗液中的N组分主要是MO_3-N。培养温度由低到高(0~>4~>10~>20℃)的处理,其矿化N的淋洗浓度及淋失量均比温度由高到低(20~>10~>4~>0℃)的处理为高。培养八周后,约7.7%~17.5%的N从土柱淋失。NO_3-N的移动相对滞后于水的移动,N的淋洗过程中存在着弥散现象。 | 傅高明 Find.,GR | 1996 | 土壤肥料1996，，3： | 8 |
| 20 | Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity,and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil显示文摘The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles(AgNP) in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited.However, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass(quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000) and bacterial ammonia oxidizers(quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009). Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity(quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014), and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms(quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001). The results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag+ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag+ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment. | Anna-Lena Grün Susanne Straskraba Stefanie Schulz Michael Schloter Christoph Emmerling | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，7： | 7 |
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