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| 1 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病源性轻度认知障碍诊断标准推荐显示文摘美国国立老化研究所(NIA)和阿尔茨海默病协会(ADA)组织了一个工作组,负责阿尔茨海默病(AD)痴呆前症状阶段——即本文所称的AD源性轻度认知障碍(MCI)的诊断标准的制订及完善。该工作组制订了以下两套标准:(1)在缺乏相应条件进行先进影像技术及脑脊液检查时,医务人员适用的核心临床标准;(2)适用于包括临床试验在内的科学研究的研究标准。后者纳入了基于影像技术及脑脊液检查的生物标志物的应用。并根据所出现的生物标志物的性质,将最终MCI诊断的确定性程度分为4个级别。而要使生物标志物有效应用于诊断,并在社区医疗服务中规范使用,尚需做大量的工作。 | McKhann GM Knopman DS Chertkow H Hyman BT Jack CR Jr Kawas CH Klunk WE Koroshetz WJ Manly JJ Mayeux R Mohs RC Morris JC Rossor MN Schehens P Carrillo MC Thies B Weintraub S Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 黄丽黄(译) 礼媛(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 51 |
| 2 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病痴呆诊断标准的推荐显示文摘由美国国立老化研究所(NIA)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)协会组织了一个工作组,负责修订1984年版AD痴呆的诊断标准。旨在确保修订后的标准具有足够的灵活性,既可供缺乏神经心理学测验、先进的影像技术和脑脊液检查措施的普通医务人员使用,也可供具备上述措施的科研、临床试验的专业研究者使用。新的标准广泛适用于各种原因的痴呆以及专门针对AD痴呆的标准,保留了1984年版标准中的“很可能的AD痴呆”的总体框架。在过去27年的经验基础上,工作组对临床诊断标准做了一些修改,保留了“可能的AD痴呆”的术语,但对其进行了更有针对性的重新定义。在科研用的“很可能的和可能的AD痴呆”的诊断标准中纳入了生物标志物证据。AD痴呆的核心临床标准仍将是临床实践中诊断的基础,但用生物标志物证据来提高AD痴呆诊断的病理生理学特异性也被人们寄予厚望。要实现AD痴呆的生物标志物诊断,还有许多工作摆在面前。 | McKhann GM Knopman DS Chertkow H Hyman BT Jack CR Jr Kawas CH Klunk WE Koroshetz WJ Manly J J Mayeux R Mohs RC Morris JC Rossor MN Scheltens P Carrillo MC Thies B Weintraub S Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 黄丽(译) 韩阅(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 52 |
| 3 | Antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts against H pylori: In vitro and in vivo studies显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi). METHODS: Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and were concentrated in vacuum. The disk diffusion method was used for in vitro studies and in vivo studies were performed on male Wister rats. Thirty resistant clinical isolates of H pylori, as determined by their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by E-test, along with two Gram +ve (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and two Gram -ve (E. coli, P. vugaris) organisms were screened for their susceptibility patterns against these extracts. RESULTS: In our screening, all 30 resistant isolates and the other four organisms (two Gram +ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and two Gram -ve, E. coli, P. vugaris) were sensitive to the test compounds. It was found that ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. mukorossi and ethanol and benzene extracts of R. emodi inhibited H pylori at very low concentrations. In the in vitro study, the isolates showed a considerable zone of inhibition at very low concentrations (10 μg/mL) for both the extracts. In the in vivo study, the H pylori infection was cleared with minimal doses of extracts of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) given orally for seven days. CONCLUSION: We can conclude from this study that the extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi inhibited the growth of pylori in vitro and, in in vivo studies, the H pylori infection cleared within seven days at very low concentrations. We also found that H pylori did not acquire resistance against these herbal extracts even after 10 consecutive passages. | Mohammed Ibrahim Aleem A Khan Santosh K Tiwari Mohammed Aejaz Habeeb MN Khaja CM Habibullah | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 46 |
| 4 | Natural history of chronic hepatitis B:Phases in a complex relationship显示文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a condition of globalprevalence and its sequelae include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The natural history of CHB isa complex interplay of virological,environmental andhost factors.The dynamic relationship between thevirus and host evolves over the duration of the infection and different phases of the disease have been observed and described.These have been conceptualizedin terms of the state of balance between the host immune system and the hepatitis B virus and have beengiven the labels immune tolerant,immune clearance,immune control and immune escape although othernomenclature is also used.Host factors,such as age atinfection,determine progression to chronicity.Virological factors including hepatitis B viral load,mutationsand genotype also have an impact on the adverseoutcomes of the infection,as do hepatotoxic cofactorssuch as alcohol.Our understanding of the natural history of CHB has evolved significantly over the past fewdecades and characterizing the phase of disease ofCHB remains an integral part of managing this virus in the clinic. | Catherine MN Croagh John S Lubel | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 32 |
| 5 | Genotypes and viral variants in chronic hepatitis B: A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance显示文摘The Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) has a worldwide distribu-tion and is endemic in many populations. It is constantly evolving and 10 genotypic strains have been identified with varying prevalences in different geographic regions. Numerous stable mutations in the core gene and in the su-rface gene of the HBV have also been identified in untreated HBV populations. The genotypes and viral variants have been associated with certain clinical featu-res of HBV related liver disease and Hepatocellu-lar carcinoma. For example Genotype C is associated withlater hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) seroconversion, and more advanced liver disease. Genotype A is associated with a greater risk of progression to chronicity in adu-lt acqu-ired HBV infections. Genotype D is particu-larly associated with the precore mu-tation and HBe Ag negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). The genotypes prevalent in parts of West Africa, Central and Sou-th America, E, F and H respectively, are less well stu-died. Viral variants especially the Basal Core Promotor mutation is associated with increased risk of fibrosis and cancer of the liver. Althou-gh not cu-rrently part of rou-tine clinical care, evalu-ation of genotype and viral variants may provide u-sefu-l adju-nctive information in predicting risk abou-t liver related morbidity in patients with CHB. | Catherine MN Croagh Paul V Desmond Sally J Bell | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 24 |
| 6 | 红茶及普洱茶主要成份差异的初步研究显示文摘用反相高压液相色谱仪(HPLC)分析了红茶、普洱茶及其二者的加工原料─—蒸青叶及青毛茶的水溶性多酚类物及其氧化产物.色谱图中所示的多酚类物据标准样:没食子酸(GA)、儿茶素(C)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表儿茶素(EQ、表没食子儿茶素没食于酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酷(ECG)及会香昔而确危其氧化产物据光谱特性及保留时间判定,结果表明:蒸青叶及青毛茶的色谱图非常相似,多酚类中的主要成份为ECG、EGCG及C.而红茶与普洱茶的色谱图却截然不同。红茶保留较多的未氧化多酚类,并含有一定量的黄酮糖苷(FG)、茶黄酸(TFA)、茶黄素(Tn)及茶红素(TR).而普洱茶只含有少量的未氧化多酚类物、FG及一定量的TR,且不含TFA及TF. | 邵宛芳 Clif.,MN | 1995 | 云南农业大学学报1995，10，4： | 18 |
| 7 | No apparent lock-in depth of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion: Evidence from the Malan loess显示文摘The first-order chronological framework of the long-term Chinese loess/paleosol sequences was based mainly on magnetostratigraphy. However, there remain arguments on the lock-in ages of the major geomagnetic reversals. This study systematically compared the stratigraphic locations of the Laschamp excursion and Henrich events (H4 at~39 ka and H5 at~48 ka) recorded by the Luochuan loess profile in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Results show that the Lascchamp excursion is bracketed well by these two cold events, and the corresponding estimated age is between about 41.7-43.7 ka, which is close to the widely accepted age of ~40-41 ka for the excursion.Therefore, our new results do not suggest apparent lock-in effects in the last glacial Malan loess. | ZHU Rixiang1, LIU Qingsong1,2, PAN Yongxin1, DENG Chenglong1, ZHANG Rui1 & WANG Xianfeng3 1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory (SKL of Lithosphere Evolution), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Geophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，9： | 12 |
| 8 | 功能性消化不良、胃排空延迟和生活质量下降显示文摘功能性消化不良(FD)是一种临床上最常见的综合征,表现为慢性反复性中上腹疼痛或不适,传统的诊断检测方法不能检测出病因。许多FD患者诉说症状与饮食有关,但病理生理情况不明。25%~50%的FD患者发生胃排空延迟症状,这与胃窦部动力降低有关。其他FD的异常表现包括胃底容受性限制、胃扩张过度敏感和幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染。 | Talley NJ Locke Ⅲ GR Lahr B Zinsmeister AR Tougas G Ligozio G Rojavin MA Tack J.Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 陆红 | 2006 | 胃肠病学2006，11，2： | 12 |
| 9 | The record of paleoclimatic change from stalagmites and the determination of termination II in the south of Guizhou Province, China显示文摘A high-resolution climate record from 163.00 kaBP to 113.80 kaBP has been obtained through TIMS-U series dating and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the three large stalagmites from two caves in the south of Guizhou Province, China. The record of the oxygen isotopes from the stalagmites reveals that the undulation characteristics between the cooling event of the glacial period and the warming event of the interglacial period in the research area can compare well to those of ice cores, lake sediments, loess and deep sea sediments on the scale of ten-thousand years or millennium time scale. The climate undulation provided by the record of the stalagmites has a coherence with the global changes and a tele-connection to the paleoclimate changes in the north polar region. Our results suggest that the direct dynamics of paleo-monsoon circulation changes reflected in the record of the stalagmites might be caused by changes of the global ice volume, and in turn related to various factors, including the solar radiation strength at the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, the southern extension of the ice-rafted event in the North Atlantic, and changes of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature at the low-latitudes. Using δ18O values, we have calculated the temperatures and the results show that the temperature difference between the penultimate glacial period (with an average temperature of 8.1℃, and a minimum temperature range from 0.65℃ to -1.43℃ at stage 6 ) and the last interglacial period (with an average temperature of 18.24℃ at sub-stage 5e ) was about 10℃. This temperature difference from the record of the stalagmites corresponds in general to the record temperature variation (about 10℃) of measured ice cores. The climate records from the three stalagmites in the two caves have shown that the circulation strength of the Asian summer monsoon and the winter monsoon in the penultimate glacial period and the last interglacial period had a clear change. With the TIMS-U series method, termination II of the penultimate glacial period has been precisely dated at an age of (129.28±1.10) kaBP for the three stalagmites in the south of Guizhou Province, China. This borderline age represents the beginning of the last interglacial period or the boundary between the Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene, and corresponds to the beginning age of the last interglacial period shown by the ice cores and in the SPECMAP curve of the marine oxygen isotopes. The chronology determination of termination II is not only of stratigraphic and chronological significance, but also lays an important foundation for discussing the short time scales of climate oscillation and rapidly changing events of paleoclimate in the circulation region of the East Asian monsoon. | ZHANG Meiliang, YUAN Daoxian1, LIN Yushi, CHENG Hai, QIN Jiaming &ZHANG HuilingKarst Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China Geography Department, Minnesota University, MN 55455, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang Meiliang | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，1： | 9 |
| 10 | Molecular basis for identification of species/isolates of gastrointestinal nematode parasites显示文摘Gastrointestinal(GI) parasitism is the most serious constraint throughout the world in small ruminants which causes significant production loss in animals.GI parasites are major contributor to reduce productivity in terms of meat,milk and wool in animals.Control of GI parasite is done primarily by anthelmintic treatment where choice and schedule of treatment is done after identification and quantitation of individual parasite.Identification of GI parasites is done through microscopic method by identifying specific morphological characteristics of egg and larva(L3).Since most of parasite eggs are having similar morphological characteristics, identification up to species level through microscopy is not possible in most of cases.To address this issue,molecular techniques are the viable alternative for identification of species as well as molecular level differences within a species(isolates) of parasites.Different DNA based molecular techniques viz.PCR,AFLP,RAPD,RFLP,PCR-SSCP,real time PCR,DNA microarray etc.have been used for identification and to assess the genetic diversity among parasite population.For identification of species,the characteristic sequence of genomic DNA of different species should differ to allow the delineation of species,but at the same time,no/minor variation within the species should exist.In contrast,for purpose of identifying population variants(strains/isolates), a considerable degree of variation in the sequence should exist within a species.Various target regions,including nuclear ribosomal DNA(rDNA),mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) or repetitive DNA elements(microsatellite loci),which show considerable variation in the number of repeats within individuals have been employed to achieve the identification of parasites species or strain. | Ahmed M Singh MN Bera AK Bandyopadhyay S Bhattacharya D | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，8： | 6 |
| 11 | A novel phenol-bound pectic polysaccharide from Decalepis hamiltonii with multi-step ulcer preventive activity显示文摘AIM: To investigate H+, K+-ATPase inhibition, anti-H pylori , antioxidant, and the in vivo antiulcer potential of a pectic polysaccharide from Swallow root (Decalepis hamiltonii; SRPP). METHODS: SRPP, with known sugar composition [rhamnose: arabinose: xylose: galactose in the ratio of 16:50:2:32 (w/w), with 141 mg/g of uronic acid] was examined for anti-ulcer potency in vivo against swim/ ethanol stress-induction in animal models. Ulcer index, antioxidant/antioxidant enzymes, H+, K+-ATPase and gastric mucin levels were determined to assess the anti- ulcer potency. Anti-H pylori activity was also determined by viable colony count and electron microscopic studies. RESULTS: SRPP, containing phenolics at 0.12 g GAE/g, prevented stress-induced gastric ulcers in animal models by 80%-85%. Down regulation of gastric mucin 2-3 fold, antioxidant/antioxidant enzymes and upregulation of 3 fold of H+, K+-ATPase in ulcerous animals were normalized upon treatment with SRPP. Histopathological analysis revealed protection to the disrupted gastric mucosal layer and epithelial glands. SRPP also inhibited H+, K+-ATPase in vitro, at an IC50 of 77 μg/mL as opposed to that of 19.3 μg/mL of Lansoprazole and H pylori growth at Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 150 μg/mL. In addition, free radical scavenging (IC50-40 μg/mL) and reducing power (3200 U/g) activities were also observed. CONCLUSION: SRPP, with defined sugar composition and phenolics, exhibited multi-potent free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-H pylori, inhibition of H+, K+-ATPase and gastric mucosal protective activities. In addition, SRPP is non-toxic as opposed to other known anti-ulcer drugs, and therefore may be employed as a potential alternative for ulcer management. | BM Srikanta MN Siddaraju Shylaja M Dharmesh | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，39： | 6 |
| 12 | Leukolysin/MMP25/MT6-MMP: a novel matrix metalloproteinase specifically expressed in the leukocyte lineage显示文摘INTRODUCTIONMembersofthematrixmetajloproteinases(MMP)havebeenconsistentlyimplicatedinthedestructionofextracellularmatrix(ECM)undermanypathophysiologicalconditionsfromangiogenesistoajrthritis[1-5].Evolvedfrommodulardomainsandmotifsthroughexon-shuning... | PEI DUANQING(Department of Pharmacology, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321Church St. S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,MN 55455, USA)Tel: 612-626-1468 Fax: 612-625-8408 E-mail: peixx003@tc. umn. edu | 1999 | Cell Research1999，9，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer显示文摘BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes.Hence,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer surgery.Secondary outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative scans.METHODS From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and LPND.These patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to surgery.All patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological morphology.LPND was only performed on the involved side.RESULTS Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral surgery.The median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes harvested.The median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 mm.Median length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary catheter.Complication rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic leak.There was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so far.CONCLUSION Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in accurately diagnosing metastases in these areas.A pre-CRT lymph node size of≥10 mm is suggestive of metastases.LPND may be performed safely with minimally invasive surgery. | Kar Yong Wong Aloysius MN Tan | 2020 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2020，12，4： | 4 |
| 14 | 腹部手术后是否应用鼻胃管?——近期文献的分析显示文摘在许多医疗中心,腹部手术后在胃肠(GI)功能尚未完全恢复前预防性使用鼻胃管(NGI)已是一个诊疗常规。在腹部手术中使用鼻胃管可使术野有更好显露也已成为广泛共识。但在二十世纪80—90年代,许多临床试验却对是否常规使用鼻胃管提出了新的争议。1995年,Cheatham等在对截止到1993年所公开发表的文献所做的分析中显示: | 刘军麟 Vermeulen H Storm-Versloot MN Busch OR | 2008 | 中华普通外科学文献(电子版)2008，2，2： | 4 |
| 15 | 红茶酚性色素的分离显示文摘红茶中含有三类主要的酚性色素——茶红素、茶黄素和黄酮醇甙。茶黄素和黄酮醇甙的化学结构已清楚。而茶红素是非常复杂的异源性酚性色素的混合物,分离纯化异常困难。尽管人们采用纸色谱、纤维素吸附色谱和凝胶过滤色谱分离〔1—4〕,均未能使茶红素组分完全分离开来。... | 徐向群 Clif.,MN | 1998 | 茶叶科学1998，18，2： | 3 |
| 16 | Promises in Different Cultures显示文摘This paper reports a pilot study, which examines culture differences in a social function of language, i.e., the function of promise making using Searle’s constitutive rules. It is to argue that different cultures may have the same type of speech-act such as promise, which, however, represents different cultural concepts. Evidence supporting the argument was drawn from a comparison of performance of Americans and Orientals concerning their respective concepts of promise making. | Holly Shi(English Department, Winona State University, Winona MN 55987, U. S. A.) | 2001 | 外国语2001，24，1： | 3 |
| 17 | MODELING OF RIVER MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES显示文摘MODELINGOFRIVERMORPHOLOGICCHANGESCharlesC.S.SONG;YifanZHENG;andChihTedYANG(Professor,St.AnthonyFallsHydraulicLaboratory,Depar... | Charles C. S. SONG Yifan ZHENG and Chih Ted YANG( , St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55414, U. S. A.)( Bechtel Corporation, formerly Reseaxch Assistant, St. Anthony Falls H | 1995 | International Journal of Sediment Research1995，10，2： | 2 |
| 18 | 美国重症肌无力基金会关于重症肌无力临床试验的建议显示文摘由美国重症肌无力基金会(MGFA)的医学科学建议委员会(MSAB)组成工作组,于2010年在美国和2011年在意大利召开专家共识会议讨论重症肌无力(MG)临床试验的问题,与会代表包括来自美国和欧洲的神经科医生、统计学家、企业界代表、MG患者以及MGFA和欧洲重症肌无力协会的平民代表。 | Benatar M Sanders DB Burns TM Cutter GR Guptill JT Baggi F Kaminski HJ Mantegazza R Meriggioli MN Quan J Wolfe GI 李海峰(摘译) 高翔(摘译) | 2013 | 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志2013，20，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Mechanisms by which opening the mitochondrial ATP- sensitive K(+) channel protects the ischemic heart显示文摘 | Dos Santos P Kowaltowski AJ Laclau MN Seetharaman S Paucek P Boudina S | 2002 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2002，283，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injections after arthroscopic debridement for osteoarthritis of the knee:a prospective,randomized,controlled study显示文摘 | Heybeli N Doral MN Atay OA | | Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica0，，： | 2 |
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