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| 1 | Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in humanimmunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus coinfectedpatients:Influence on innate and acquired immunity显示文摘Even in cases where viral replication has been controlled by antiretroviral therapy for long periods of time, human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients have several non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) related co-morbidities, including liver disease, cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive decline, which have a clear impact on survival. It has been considered that persistent innate and acquired immune activation contributes to the pathogenesis of these non-AIDS related diseases. Immune activation has been related with several conditions, remarkably with the bacterial translocation related with the intestinal barrier damage by the HIV or by hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related liver cirrhosis. Consequently, increased morbidity and mortality must be expected in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Disrupted gut barrier lead to an increased passage of microbial products and to an activation of the mucosal immune system and secretion of inflammatory mediators, which in turn might increase barrier dysfunction. In the present review, the intestinal barrier structure, measures of intestinal barrier dysfunction and the modifications of them in HIV monoinfection and in HIV-HCV coinfection will be considered. Both pathogenesis and the consequences for the progression of liver disease secondary to gut microbial fragment leakage and immune activation will be assessed. | Mercedes Márquez Clotilde Fernández Gutiérrez delÁlamo JoséAntonio Girón-González | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic liver disease显示文摘AIM:To compare lymphocyte subsets between healthy controls and alcoholics with liver disease.METHODS:The patient cohort for this study included individuals who were suspected to have alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and who had undergone liver biopsy(for disease grading and staging,doubts about diagnosis,or concurrent liver disease;n = 56).Normal controls included patients who were admitted for elective cholecystectomy due to non-complicated gallstones(n = 27).Formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Perls' Prussian blue.The non-alcoholic steatohepatitis score was used to assess markers of ALD.Lymphocyte population subsets were determined by flow cytometry.T lymphocytes were identified(CD3+),and then further subdivided into CD4+ or CD8+ populations.B lymphocytes(CD19+) and natural killer(NK) cell numbers were also measured.In addition to assessing lymphocyte subpopulation differences between ALD patients and controls,we also compared subsets of alcoholic patients without cirrhosis or abstinent cirrhotic patients to normal controls.RESULTS:The patient cohort primarily consisted of older men.Active alcoholism was present in 66.1%.Reported average daily alcohol intake was 164.9 g and the average lifetime cumulative intake was 2211.6 kg.Cirrhosis was present in 39.3% of the patients and 66.1% had significant fibrosis(perisinusoidal and portal/periportal fibrosis,bridging fibrosis,or cirrhosis) in their liver samples.The average Mayo end-stage liver disease score was 7.6.No hereditary hemochromatosis genotypes were found.ALD patients(n = 56) presented with significant lymphopenia(1.5 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P < 0.0001),due to a decrease in all lymphocyte subpopulations,except for NK lymphocytes:CD3+(1013.0 ± 406.2/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),CD4+(713.5 ± 284.7/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P < 0.0001),CD8+(262.3 ± 140.4/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),and CD19+(120.6 ± 76.1/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P < 0.0001).CD8+ lymphocytes suffered the greatest reduction,as evidenced by an increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio(3.1 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.9,P = 0.013).This ratio was associated with the stage of fibrosis on liver biopsy(rs = 0.342,P = 0.01) and with Child-Pugh score(rs = 0.482,P = 0.02).The number of CD8+ lymphocytes also had a positive association with serum ferritin levels(rs = 0.345,P = 0.009).Considering only patients with active alcoholism but not cirrhosis(n = 27),we found similar reductions in total lymphocyte counts(1.8 × 109/L ± 0.3 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P = 0.018),and in populations of CD3+(1164.7 ± 376.6/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P = 0.001),CD4+(759.8 ± 265.0/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P = 0.003),CD8+(330.9 ± 156.3/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P = 0.002),and CD19+(108.8 ± 64.2/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P < 0.0001).In these patients,the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the number of NK lymphocytes was not significantly different,compared to controls.Comparing patients with liver cirrhosis but without active alcohol consumption(n = 11),we also found significant lymphopenia(1.3 × 109/L ± 0.6 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P < 0.0001) and decreases in populations of CD3+(945.5 ± 547.4/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P = 0.003),CD4+(745.2 ± 389.0/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P = 0.032),CD8+(233.9 ± 120.0/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),and CD19+(150.8 ± 76.1/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P = 0.001).The NK lymphocyte count was not significantly different,but,in this group,there was a significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio(3.5 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.9,P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:All patient subsets presented with decreased lymphocyte counts,but only patients with advanced fibrosis presented with a significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. | Luís Costa Matos Paulo Batista Nuno Monteiro Joo Ribeiro Maria A Cipriano Pedro Henriques Fernando Giro Armando Carvalho | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Potential use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the estimation of chemical composition of oxen meat samples显示文摘 | Prieto N Andr6s S Gir/:ldez F J | 2006 | Meat Science2006，74，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Internalization of the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)is required to mediate intracellular responses显示文摘 | Sevillano N Girón MD Salido M | 2009 | J Biochem2009，145，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Severe complications limit long-term clinical success of self-expanding metal stents in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer显示文摘 | Fernández-Esparrach G Bordas JM Giráldez MD | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 6 | Antiphospholipid syndrome and asymptomatic carriers of antiphospholipid antibody:prospective analysis of 404 individuals显示文摘 | Girón-Gonzólez JA García del Río E Rodríguez C | 2004 | J Rheumatol2004，31，： | 1 |
| 7 | Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in biota samples using simultaneous pressurized liquid extraction and purification显示文摘 | G(O)MEZ-ARIZA J L BUJALANCE M GIR(A)LDEZ I | 2002 | J Chromatogr:A2002，946，12： | 1 |
| 8 | COL1A1 Sp1-binding site polymorphism as a risk factor for genital prolapse显示文摘 | Andrea Moura Rodrigues Manoel Jo?o Batista Castello Gir?o Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro Silva Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori Karina de Falco Martins Rodrigo de Aquino Castro | 2008 | International Urogynecology Journal2008，，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Human adipose stem cells:current clinical applications 显示文摘 | Gir P Oni G Brown SA | 2012 | Plast Reconstr Surg2012，129，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Heavy metal partitioning in river sediments severely polluted by acid mine drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt显示文摘 | Galán E Gómez-Ariza J L González I Fernández-Caliani J C Morales E Giráldez I | 2003 | Applied Geochemistry2003，18，： | 1 |
| 11 | Copper and zinc adsorption by sewage sludge-treated soil in southern Spain显示文摘 | Polo M J Ordonez R Giráldez J V | 1999 | Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal1999，30，： | 1 |
| 12 | Internalization of C lostridium perfringens α‐toxin leads to ERK activation and is involved on its cytotoxic effect显示文摘 | Laura Monturiol‐Gross Marietta Flores‐Díaz Diana Campos‐Rodríguez Rodrigo Mora Mariela Rodríguez‐Vega David L. Marks Alberto Alape‐Girón | 2014 | Cell Microbiol2014，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Identities in the Future Internet of Things显示文摘 | Amardeo C. Sarma Jo?o Gir?o | 2009 | Wireless Personal Communications2009，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Nonthyroid sick syndrom associated endocrine abnormalities and out come in elderly patients undergoing emergency operation显示文摘 | Gir vent M Maestro S Hemandez K | | Surgery0，123，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Validation of an in- strument to assess factoi's associated With'adherence to standard precautions among dentists in primary health- care 显示文摘 | Ribeiro PH Gir E Santos CB | 2014 | Acta Odontol Latinoam2014，27，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Human adipose stem cells: current clinical applications显示文摘 | Gir P Oni G Brown SA | 2012 | Plast ReconstrSurg2012，129，： | 1 |
| 17 | Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Their Inhibitors During the Course of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis显示文摘 | Claudio Rodríguez-Ramos Fátima Galán Fernando Díaz Javier Elvira Leopoldo Martín-Herrera José A. Girón-González | 2001 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2001，，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Antioxidant and metal chelating activities of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Jamapa protein isolates, phaseolin and lectin hydrolysates显示文摘 | Janet Carrasco-Castilla Alan Javier Hernández-álvarez Cristian Jiménez-Martínez Carmen Jacinto-Hernández Manuel Alaiz Julio Girón-Calle Javier Vioque Gloria Dávila-Ortiz | 2011 | Food Chemistry2011，，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Endemic linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a critical care unit显示文摘 | M. Trevi?o L. Martínez-Lamas P. A. Romero-Jung J. M. Giráldez J. Alvarez-Escudero B. J. Regueiro | 2009 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases2009，，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Simulation of the impact of subsoil compaction on soil water balance and crop yield of irrigated maize on a loamy sand soil in SW Spain显示文摘 | F Moreno E.J Murer E Stenitzer J.E Fernández I.F Girón | 2003 | Soil & Tillage Research2003，，1： | 1 |
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