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| 1 | Approximate Maximum Likelihood Algorithm for Moving Source Localization Using TDOA and FDOA Measurements显示文摘A closed-form approximate maximum likelihood(AML) algorithm for estimating the position and velocity of a moving source is proposed by utilizing the time difference of arrival(TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA) measurements of a signal received at a number of receivers.The maximum likelihood(ML) technique is a powerful tool to solve this problem.But a direct approach that uses the ML estimator to solve the localization problem is exhaustive search in the solution space,and it is very computationally expensive,and prohibits real-time processing.On the basis of ML function,a closed-form approximate solution to the ML equations can be obtained,which can allow real-time implementation as well as global convergence.Simulation results show that the proposed estimator achieves better performance than the two-step weighted least squares(WLS) approach,which makes it possible to attain the Cramér-Rao lower bound(CRLB) at a sufficiently high noise level before the threshold effect occurs. | YU Huagang HUANG Gaoming GAO Jun WU Xinhui | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2012，25，4： | 28 |
| 2 | Topology Optimal Design of Material Microstructures Using Strain Energy-based Method显示文摘敏感分析和使用的微观结构的拓扑学优化拉紧基于精力的方法被介绍。与 homogenization 方法相比,基于精力的方法有的紧张更高计算效率和简化编程有利。双凸的编程方法和周界限制计划被用来优化 2D 和 3D 微观结构。数字结果显示基于精力的方法有的紧张象为 orthotropic 材料的 homogenization 方法的一样的有效性。 | Zhang Weihong Wang Fengwen Dai Gaoming Sun Shiping | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2007，20，4： | 21 |
| 3 | Practical constrained least-square algorithm for moving source location using TDOA and FDOA measurements显示文摘By utilizing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements of signals received at a number of receivers, a constrained least-square (CLS) algorithm for estimating the position and velocity of a moving source is proposed. By utilizing the Lagrange multipliers technique, the known relation between the intermediate variables and the source location coordinates could be exploited to constrain the solution. And without requiring apriori knowledge of TDOA and FDOA measurement noises, the proposed algorithm can satisfy the demand of practical applications. Additionally, on basis of convolute and polynomial rooting operations, the Lagrange multipliers can be obtained efficiently and robustly allowing real-time implementation and global convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator achieves remarkably better performance than the two-step weighted least square (WLS) approach especially for higher measurement noise level. | Huagang Yu Gaoming Huang Jun Gao Bo Yan | 2012 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2012，23，4： | 20 |
| 4 | Using strain energy-based prediction of effective elastic properties in topology optimization of material microstructures显示文摘一个其他的紧张精力方法在这篇论文为 orthotropic 材料的有效有弹性的性质的预言被建议。方法在拓扑学优化过程被实现设计细胞的固体。比较研究在紧张精力方法和著名 homogenization 方法之间被做。当同类的边界条件适当地被指定时,数字结果证明两个方法在数字预言和有效有弹性的张肌的敏感分析同意很好。二维并且三维的微观结构被把建议方法与凸的编程的双优化算法相结合为最大的僵硬图案优化。令人满意的结果为许多设计盒子被获得。 | Weihong Zhang Gaoming Dai Fengwen Wang Shiping Sun Hicham Bassir | 2007 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2007，23，1： | 15 |
| 5 | Response of CH_4 emission of paddy fields to land management practices at a microcosmic cultivation scale in China显示文摘The terrestrial ecosystem may be either a source or a sink of CH4 in rice paddies, depending, to a great extent, on the change of ecosystem types and land use patterns. CH4 emission fluxes from paddy fields under 4 cultivation patterns (conventional plain culture of rice(T1), no-tillage and ridge culture of rice(T2), no-tillage and ridge culture of rice and wheat (T3), and rice-wheat rotation(T4)) were measured with the closed chamber technique in 1996 and 1998 in Chongqing, China. The results showed that differences existed in CH4 emission from paddy fields under these land management practices. In 1996 and 1998, CH4 emission was 71 48% and 78 82%(T2), 65 93% and 57 18%(T3), and 61 53% and 34 22%(T4) of that in T1 during the rice growing season. During the non-rice growing season, CH4 emission from rice fields was 76 23% in T2 and 38 69% in T1 The accumulated annual CH4 emission in T2, T3 and T4 in 1996 decreased by 33 53%, 63 30% and 65 73%, respectively, as compared with that in T1 In 1998, the accumulated annual CH4 emission in T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 116 96 g/m2, 68 44 g/m2, 19 70 g/m2 and 11 80 g/m2, respectively. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties, in thermal and moisture conditions in the soil and in rice plant growth induced by different land use patterns were the dominant causes for the difference in CH4 emission observed. The relative contribution of various influencing factors to CH4 emission from paddy fields differed significantly under different land use patterns. However, the general trend was that chlorophyll content in rice leaves, air temperature and temperature at the 5 cm soil layer play a major role in CH4 emission from paddy fields and the effects of illumination, relative humidity and water layer depth in the paddy field and CH4 concentration in the crop canopy were relatively non-significant. Such conservative land use patterns as no-tillage and ridge culture of rice with or without rotation with wheat are thought to be beneficial to reducing CH4 emission from paddy fields and are, therefore, recommended as a significant solution to the problems of global(climatic) change. | SHAOJiang-an HUANGXue-xia GAOMing WEIChao-fu XIEDe-ti CAIZu-cong | 2005 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2005，17，4： | 10 |
| 6 | Particle flters for probability hypothesis density flter with the presence of unknown measurement noise covariance显示文摘In Bayesian multi-target fltering,knowledge of measurement noise variance is very important.Signifcant mismatches in noise parameters will result in biased estimates.In this paper,a new particle flter for a probability hypothesis density(PHD)flter handling unknown measurement noise variances is proposed.The approach is based on marginalizing the unknown parameters out of the posterior distribution by using variational Bayesian(VB)methods.Moreover,the sequential Monte Carlo method is used to approximate the posterior intensity considering non-linear and non-Gaussian conditions.Unlike other particle flters for this challenging class of PHD flters,the proposed method can adaptively learn the unknown and time-varying noise variances while fltering.Simulation results show that the proposed method improves estimation accuracy in terms of both the number of targets and their states. | Wu Xinhui Huang Gaoming Gao Jun | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2013，26，6： | 9 |
| 7 | Cadmium pollution enhanced ozone damage to winter wheat:biochemical and physiological evidences显示文摘Combined effects of ozone (O3) and cadmium (Cd) on growth and physiology of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv.JM22) were determined.Wheat plants were grown without or with Cd and exposed to charcoal-filtered air (< 10 ppb O3) or elevated O 3 (80 ± 5 ppb,7 hr/day) for 20 days.Results showed that O 3 considerably depressed light saturated net photosynthetic rate (-20%),stomatal conductance (-33%),chlorophyll content (-33%),and total biomass (-29%) without Cd.The corresponding decreases were further enhanced by 45%,56%,60% and 59%,respectively with Cd,indicating a synergistic effect of O3 and Cd on wheat.Ozone significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (46%),catalase (48%) and peroxidase (56%).However,great increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (2.55 folds) and intercellular CO2 concentration (1.13 folds) were noted in O3 +Cd treatment compared to control.Our findings demonstrated that the increased anti-oxidative activities in wheat plants exposed to O3 +Cd might not be enough to overcome the adverse effects of the combination of both pollutants as evidenced by further increase in MDA content,which is an important indicator of lipid peroxidation.Precise prediction model on O3 damages to crop should be conducted to ensure agricultural production security by considering environmental constraints in an agricultural system in peri-urban regions. | Yong Li Caihong Li Yanhai Zheng Guanglei Wu Tana Wuyun Hong Xu Xinhua He Gaoming Jiang | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，2： | 7 |
| 8 | Influence of microwave treatment on mechanical behaviour of compact basalts under different confining pressures显示文摘The realisation of microwave-induced fracturing of hard rocks has potential signiflcance for microwave-assisted mechanical rock fracturing and stress release in deep rock masses.In this context,compact basalts were treated by microwave heating in a multi-mode cavity at a frequency of 2450 MHz,and then,we investigated the mechanical behaviour of basalt samples after microwave treatment under uniaxial compression and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.After microwave exposure,cracks appeared on the surface and inside of the rock sample,and the temperature of the sample's surface was unevenly distributed.The results show that the conventional triaxial compressive strength(CTCS)of basalt samples decreased linearly with microwave exposure time,and the higher the confining pressure,the smaller the reduction in the strength of basalt samples after microwave treatment.Under uniaxial compression,microwave exposure greatly affected the axial deformation,suggesting that deformation resistance of the samples gradually decreases with increasing microwave exposure time.Under triaxial compression,some microcracks induced by microwave exposure closed due to the effect of confining pressure,resulting in the confining pressure inhibiting any rightward shift of the axial deformation curve.Furthermore,under uniaxial compression,the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of basalts also decreased in a quasi-linear manner with elapsed microwave exposure time.Under triaxial compression,microwave exposure has slight influence on elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio.After microwave treatment,the changes in rock strength and deformation mainly result from changes in between the mineral structures.Confining pressure results in the closure of microcracks produced by microwave exposure,so that effects of microwave treatment on strength and deformation decrease,thus reducing the influence on elastic constants.The cohesion decreases with increasing microwave exposure time and shows an approximately linear decrease over time.In the basalt samples,new microcracks in various directions generated by microwave exposure can increase the discreteness of test results,while the discreteness of test results caused by microcracks gradually reduces with increasing confining pressure. | Gaoming Lu Xiating Feng Yuanhui Li Xiwei Zhang | 2020 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2020，12，2： | 7 |
| 9 | Dynamic analysis on pressure fluctuation in vaneless region of a pump turbine显示文摘As the pump turbine tends to be operated with high head and high rotational speed, the study of stability problems becomes more important. The pump turbine usually works at operating conditions where the guide vanes experience strong vibrations. However, most traditional studies were carried out based on constant GVO(guide vane opening) simulations. In this work, dynamic analysis on pressure fluctuation in the vaneless region of a pump turbine model was conducted using a dynamic mesh method in turbine mode. 3D unsteady simulations were conducted where GVO was closed and opened by 1° from the initial 18°. Detailed time domain and frequency domain characteristics on pressure fluctuation in the vaneless region under different guide vane rotational states compared with constant GVO simulations were investigated. Results show that, during the guide vanes oscillating process, the low and intermediate frequency components in the vaneless region are significantly different. The amplitudes of pressure fluctuation are higher than those with constant GVO simulations, which agree better with the experimental data. In addition, the pressure fluctuation increases when GVO is opened, and vice versa. It can be concluded that pressure fluctuation in the vaneless region is strongly influenced by the oscillating of the guide vanes. | LI DeYou GONG RuZhi WANG HongJie XIANG GaoMing WEI XianZhu LIU ZhanSheng | 2015 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2015，58，5： | 6 |
| 10 | Mitigating greenhouse gas of chemical fertilizer with farmland emissions through replacement organic manure in a temperate显示文摘燃烧秸秆和过量使用化肥导致大量生物质能源浪费,进而削弱了农业生态系统固碳能力.为了保证农田生态系统的固碳潜力和粮食产量,本研究组在中国东部温带农村设计了一个生态农场,将玉米秸秆粉碎后饲养肉牛,然后将牛粪腐熟后施入冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田中.设计了4种不同的有机肥和无机肥配施比例:100%有机肥、100%化肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥以及50%有机肥+50%化肥.根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2006年的方法,计算了温室气体排放量.结果表明,用有机肥替代化肥可显著减少温带农田温室气体排放量.与此同时,施用有机肥还增加了土壤肥力,进而提高了小麦和玉米产量.有机肥全部替代化肥后,农田变为典型的碳库;而全部施用化肥,农田则为典型碳源.该研究可为提高农业生态系统应对气候变化提供科学依据. | Haitao Liu Jing Li Xiao Li Yanhai Zheng Sufei Feng Gaoming Jiang | 2015 | Science Bulletin2015，60，6： | 5 |
| 11 | Investigation of the alloying effect on deformation behavior in Mg by Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent modeling显示文摘Alloying elements can drastically alter the deformation behavior of Mg.In the present work,Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent(VPSC)modeling was employed to investigate the effect of alloying elements on Mg’s tensile behavior,in particular the relative activity of different slip and twinning modes.Mg-0.47 wt.%Ca,Mg-2 wt.%Nd,and AZ31 extruded alloys were deformed by micro-tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope(SEM).Texture and grain size measured by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)were used as the input for VPSC.After parameter optimization,the VPSC model successfully reproduced the stress-strain curve of each alloy.Simulation results indicate that the slip/twinning activity in the three alloys are different.Mg-0.47 wt.%Ca shows strong extrusion texture,and prismatic slip was quite active during its tensile deformation.In contrast,Mg-2 wt.%Nd shows weak extrusion texture,and basal slip was dominant.This alloy also developed more twinning activity than the other two alloys.AZ31 shows strong extrusion texture similar as Mg-0.47 wt.%Ca,but prismatic slip was less active in it.The slip/twinning activity revealed by the VPSC model can explain the difference in the tensile behavior of the three alloys. | Alireza Maldar Leyun Wang Gaoming Zhu Xiaoqin Zeng | 2020 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2020，8，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Statistical assessment of H/A target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry显示文摘Target decomposition (TD) theorems have been widely applied in radar polarimetry, serving as the bridge between radar measurements and the physical parameters of a scatterer. The H/A target decomposition is one of the most suitable tools for performing data interpretation in the study and characterization of natural scatters. In this paper, the statistics of the parameters of eigenvalue, eigenvector and H/A have been analyzed via a novel method, and the probability density functions (PDF) have been obtained. It is pointed out that all these parameters can be seen as asymptotically nonbiased with respect to the number of looks. In order to reduce the biases for a small number of looks, a novel estimator for the parameters has been proposed. We give the basic theorems for accurate estimation of parameters. | LIU Tao HUANG GaoMing WANG XueSong XIAO ShunPing | 2010 | Science China(Information Sciences)2010，53，2： | 5 |
| 13 | Invasion Possibility and Potential Effects of Rhus typhina on Beijing Municipality显示文摘Rhus typhina,an alien species introduced from North America,was identified as a main afforestation species in Beijing municipality. However,its invasiveness is still at odds. To clarify this problem,we applied the North American Screening System and the Australian Screening System to preliminarily predict its invasion possibility. Both screening systems gave the same recommendation to 'reject'. The geographical distribution was surveyed,with the population features of R. typhina against the native plant communities being assessed. With anthropogenic assistance,R. typhina has been scattered on almost all habitats from downtown to mountains,including roadsides,farmlands and protected areas. As a clonal shrub,R. typhina possessed a high spreading rate,varying from 6.3m/3years at sterile habitats to 6.7m/3years at fertile ones. Significantly lower species richness,individual density and diversity were observed in the R. typhina community than those of the native Vitex negundo Linn.var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. community at both sterile and fertile habitats. Continual wide plantation of R. typhina may further foster its population expansion,which helps the species to overcome spatial isolation. The fact that each root fragment can develop into a new individual makes R. typhina very difficult to be eradicated once established. From a biological point of view,we believe that R. typhina is a plant invader in Beijing. We therefore suggest the government should remove the name of R. typhina from the main tree species list in afforesting Beijing. | Guangmei Wang Gaoming Jiang Shunli Yu Yinghao Li Hui Liu | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，5： | 5 |
| 14 | Entropy Production Analysis for Hump Characteristics of a Pump Turbine Model显示文摘The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings.The numerical results agree with the experimental data.The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage,based on the numerical simulation.The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented.The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave,with peaks under different guide vane openings,which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves.Entropy production mainly happens in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode.Finally,entropy production rate distribution in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region.The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics.In addition,the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades.In the guide vanes and stay vanes,the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes.A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine,and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery. | LI Deyou GONG Ruzhi WANG Hongjie XIANG Gaoming WEI Xianzhu QIN Daqing | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2016，29，4： | 4 |
| 15 | Cell size effects for vibration analysis and design of sandwich beams显示文摘In this work, sandwich beams are studied to revealthe underlying size effects of the periodic core cells for thefirst time within the framework of free vibration analysis ofsuch an advanced lightweight structure. The energy equivalencemethod is formulated as a theoretical approach thattakes into account the cell size effect. It is compared with theasymptotic homogenization method and direct finite elementmethod systematically to show their consistence and applicability.The accuracy of free vibration responses predictedby the detailed finite element model is used as the standardof comparison. It is shown that the cell size is an importantparameter characterizing the cellular core rigidities that influencevibration responses. The homogenization model agreesexactly with the asymptotic solution of the analytical expressionof the beam model only whenever the cell size tends tobe infinitely small. | Gaoming Dai Weihong Zhang Engineering Simulation and Aerospace Computing (ESAC), The Key Laboratory of Contemporary Design and Integrated Manufacturing Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi’an, Shaanxi, China | 2009 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2009，25，3： | 4 |
| 16 | C:N:P stoichiometry of Ericaceae species in shrubland biomes across Southern China:influences of climate,soil and species identity显示文摘Aims Carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry strongly affect functions and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.However,the related researches in shrubs were very limited.In this study,we aimed to inves-tigate leaf stoichiometry and its driving factors in shrubs,and whether stoichiometry significantly differs among closely related species.Methods We analyzed leaf C,N and P concentrations and their ratios in 32 species of Ericaceae from 161 sites across southern China.We examined the relationships of leaf stoichiometry with environmen-tal variables using linear regressions,and quantified the interactive and independent effects of climate,soil and species on foliar stoi-chiometry using general linear models(GLM).Important Findings The foliar C,N and P contents of Ericaceae were 484.66,14.44 and 1.06 mg g−1,respectively.Leaf C,N and P concentrations and their ratios in Ericaceae were significantly related with latitude and altitude,except the N:P insignificantly correlated with latitude.Climate(mean annual temperature and precipitation)and soil properties(soil C,N and P and bulk density)were significantly influenced element stoichiom-etry.The GLM analysis showed that soil exerted a greater direct effect on leaf stoichiometry than climate did,and climate affected leaf traits mainly via indirect ways.Further,soil properties had stronger influ-ences on leaf P than on leaf C and N.Among all independent factors examined,we found species accounted for the largest proportion of the variation in foliar stoichiometry.These results suggest that species can largely influence foliar stoichiometry,even at a lower taxonomic level. | Qiang Zhang Qing Liu Huajun Yin Chunzhang Zhao Lin Zhang Guoying Zhou Chunying Yin Zhijun Lu Gaoming Xiong Yuelin Li Jiaxiang Li Wenting Xu Zhiyao Tang Zongqiang Xie | 2019 | Journal of Plant Ecology2019，12，2： | 4 |
| 17 | Variational Bayesian labeled multi-Bernoulli filter with unknown sensor noise statistics显示文摘It is difficult to build accurate model for measurement noise covariance in complex backgrounds. For the scenarios of unknown sensor noise variances, an adaptive multi-target tracking algorithm based on labeled random finite set and variational Bayesian(VB) approximation is proposed. The variational approximation technique is introduced to the labeled multi-Bernoulli(LMB)filter to jointly estimate the states of targets and sensor noise variances. Simulation results show that the proposed method can give unbiased estimation of cardinality and has better performance than the VB probability hypothesis density(VB-PHD) filter and the VB cardinality balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli(VB-CBMe MBer) filter in harsh situations. The simulations also confirm the robustness of the proposed method against the time-varying noise variances. The computational complexity of proposed method is higher than the VB-PHD and VB-CBMe MBer in extreme cases,while the mean execution times of the three methods are close when targets are well separated. | Qiu Hao Huang Gaoming Gao Jun | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2016，29，5： | 4 |
| 18 | The geometric simulation and analysis of the blind growth fold in the overthrust belt of the southern section of the frontier Longmen Mt.during Late Triassic显示文摘The seismic profiles processed by high-resolution display that a blind growth fault-bend fold emerges in depth of seismic exploration area in Dayi in the southern section of the frontier Longmen Mt.This paper presents a detailed structural interpretation to seismic section,then describes the deformed geometry related to the pre-growth strata,the growth strata and the post-growth strata on both limbs of the fold.The computer geometric simulation,based on the model of fault-bend fold,is utilized to stimulate the geometry of the blind growth fold at different sedimentation rates in Dayi.These structural features are subsequently extracted and compared with the actual seismic reflection section.Our research suggests that a low angle overthrust formed during Late Triassic also appears in the southern section of the frontier Longmen Mt.The event of structure took place at the depositional stage of a portion of the middle and upper fourth member of Xujiahe Formation(T3x4),which corresponds to thrusting in the northern section of the frontier Longmen Mt.However,the thrusting displacement here is smaller than one of the northern section. | CHEN Wei YANG KeMing LI ShuBin JIAN GaoMing TANG Jin ZHAO Yiao SU Qian | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，8： | 3 |
| 19 | Research on Surface Defect Detection Technology of Wind Turbine Blade Based on UAV Image显示文摘In the background of“double carbon,”vigorously developing new energy is particularly important.Wind power is an important clean energy source.In the field of new energy,wind power scale is also expanding.With the wind turbine,the probability of large-scale blade damage is also increasing.Because the large wind turbine blade crack detection cost is high and because of the poor working environment,this paper proposes a wind turbine blade surface defect detection method based on UAV acquisition images and digital image pro-cessing.The application of weighted averages to achieve grayscale processing,followed by median filtering to achieve image noise reduction,and an improved histogram equalization algorithm is proposed and used for the characteristics of the UAV acquisition images,which enhances the image by limiting the contrast adaptive his-togram equalization algorithm to make the details at the target area and defects more clear and complete,and improves the detection efficiency.The detection of the blade surface is achieved by separating and extracting the feature information from the defects through image foreground segmentation,threshold processing,and framing by the connected domain.The validity and accuracy of the proposed method in leaf detection were verified by experiments. | TAN Xingguo ZHANG Gaoming | 2022 | Instrumentation2022，9，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Characteristics of Phosphorous Adsorption and Desorption by Organo-Mineral Colloidal Complexes of Purple Paddy Soils显示文摘The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC)were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China.The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil types, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees.The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation. | GAOMING ZHOUBAOTONG 等 | 2002 | Pedosphere2002，12，3： | 2 |
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