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| 1 | 为什么附睾肿瘤这么稀少?显示文摘附睾癌的发病率最多不超过所有男性癌症的0.03%。人类附睾亦可以表达干细胞和癌细胞的标记,基础表达致癌基因及那些让肿瘤细胞在易患癌的组织中逃避免疫监视的促增殖的和促血管生成的因子,但为什么它却可以不屈服于癌症呢?这是一个谜。人类附睾可逃避肿瘤发生的特殊功能在转基因小鼠模型上得到验证。其它的器官都可以被诱导发生肿瘤,唯独附睾中没有。看来附睾可以:(一)防止肿瘤发生(它可能没有干细胞,并具有较强的抗氧化机制,有效的肿瘤抑制基因和无效的致癌基因产品);(二)监控肿瘤和并破坏肿瘤(通过强大的免疫监视、免疫清除及细胞衰老);(三)避开增殖和血管生成(持久的细胞紧密连接,抗血管生成因子、错位的促血管形成因子的存在);(四)加速休眠和限制细胞分裂增生。附睾细胞可能对通常诱导肿瘤基础表达的因子的致癌刺激物无响应,也能抵抗正常的模拟了促进肿瘤生长的环境。因此附睾中肿瘤发生的阈值就可能要高于其他器官。一些抗肿瘤机制是维持精子静态和免疫沉默。因此附睾癌的发病率较低,可能是因为其在精子成熟和储存中扮演着其它的角色的关系。了解这些机制可以给一般癌症的预防和治疗带来一些启示。 | Ching-Hei Yeung Kai Wang Trevor G Cooper | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，3： | 11 |
| 2 | Fiber gas sensor-integrated smart face mask for roomtemperature distinguishing of target gases显示文摘小、便携式、便宜的便携煤气的传感器在人的健康并且环境监视的即时察觉有大潜在的申请。在这个工作,我们与围单人赛的碳制作了灵活纤维气体传感器 nanotube (SWCNT ) ,多围的碳 nanotube (MWCNT ) ,和 ZnO 量察觉到元素的装饰点的 SWCNT (SWCNTs@ZnO ) 。这些灵活纤维气体传感器能在房间温度被操作与好敏感和恢复时间检测目标气体。他们也展出了优异长期的稳定性,以及好设备机械弯曲能力和坚韧性。把这些灵活煤气的传感器集成到脸面具,制作的便携的聪明的脸面具能被用来有选择地检测 C 2 H 5 哦,由与不同颜色读相应 LEDs 的 HCHO,和 NH 3 。如此的脸面具在新窗户中在事情和便携 electronics.Open | Zhiyi Gao Zhoe n g Lou Shuai Chen La Li Kai Jiang Zuoling Fu Wei Han Guozhen Shen | 2018 | Nano Research2018，11，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Diagnosis,severity stratification and management of adult acute pancreatitis–current evidence and controversies显示文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a disease spectrum ranging from mild to severe with an unpredictable natural course.Majority of cases(80%)are mild and self-limiting.However,severe AP(SAP)has a mortality risk of up to 30%.Establishing aetiology and risk stratification are essential pillars of clinical care.Idiopathic AP is a diagnosis of exclusion which should only be used after extended investigations fail to identify a cause.Tenets of management of mild AP include pain control and management of aetiology to prevent recurrence.In SAP,patients should be resuscitated with goal-directed fluid therapy using crystalloids and admitted to critical care unit.Routine prophylactic antibiotics have limited clinical benefit and should not be given in SAP.Patients able to tolerate oral intake should be given early enteral nutrition rather than nil by mouth or parenteral nutrition.If unable to tolerate per-orally,nasogastric feeding may be attempted and routine post-pyloric feeding has limited evidence of clinical benefit.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram should be selectively performed in patients with biliary obstruction or suspicion of acute cholangitis.Delayed step-up strategy including percutaneous retroperitoneal drainage,endoscopic debridement,or minimal-access necrosectomy are sufficient in most SAP patients.Patients should be monitored for diabetes mellitus and pseudocyst. | Kai Siang Chan Vishal G Shelat | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2022，14，11： | 3 |
| 4 | Four-Beam Model for Vibration Analysis of a Cantilever Beam with an Embedded Horizontal Crack显示文摘As one of the main failure modes, embedded cracks occur in beam structures due to periodic loads. Hence it is useful to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a beam structure with an embedded crack for early crack detection and diagnosis. A new four-beam model with local flexibilities at crack tips is developed to investigate the transverse vibration of a cantilever beam with an embedded horizontal crack; two separate beam segments are used to model the crack region to allow opening of crack surfaces. Each beam segment is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The governing equations and the matching and boundary conditions of the four-beam model are derived using Hamilton's principle. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the four-beam model are calculated using the transfer matrix method. The effects of the crack length, depth, and location on the first three natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cracked cantilever beam are investigated. A continuous wavelet transform method is used to analyze the mode shapes of the cracked cantilever beam. It is shown that sudden changes in spatial variations of the wavelet coefficients of the mode shapes can be used to identify the length and location of an embedded horizontal crack. The first three natural frequencies and mode shapes of a cantilever beam with an embedded crack from the finite element method and an experimental investigation are used to validate the proposed model. Local deformations in the vicinity of the crack tips can be described by the proposed four-beam model, which cannot be captured by previous methods. | LIU Jing ZHU Weidong CHARALAMBIDES Panos G SHAO Yimin XU Yongfeng WU Kai XIAO Huifang | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2016，29，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Acute appendicitis–advances and controversies显示文摘Being one of the most common causes of the acute abdomen,acute appendicitis(AA)forms the bread and butter of any general surgeon’s practice.With the recent advancements in AA’s management,much controversy in diagnostic algorithms,possible differential diagnoses,and weighing the management options has been generated,with no absolute consensus in the literature.Since Alvarado described his eponymous clinical scoring system in 1986 to stratify AA risk,there has been a burgeoning of additional scores for guiding downstream management and mortality assessment.Furthermore,advancing literature on the role of antibiotics,variations in appendicectomy,and its adjuncts have expanded the surgeon’s repertoire of management options.Owing to the varied presentation,diagnostic tools,and management of AA have also been proposed in special groups such as pregnant patients,the elderly,and the immunocompromised.This article seeks to raise the critical debates about what is currently known about the above aspects of AA and explore the latest controversies in the field.Considering the ever-evolving coronavirus disease 2019 situation worldwide,we also discuss the pandemic’s repercussions on patients and how surgeons’practices have evolved in the context of AA. | Thomas Zheng Jie Teng Xuan Rong Thong Kai Yuan Lau Sunder Balasubramaniam Vishal G Shelat | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2021，13，11： | 2 |
| 6 | Source and tectonic implications of tonalite-trondhjemite magmatism in the Klarnath Mountains 显示文摘 | Barnes C G Petersen S W Kistler R W Murray R Kays M A | 1996 | Contrib Mineral Petrol1996，123，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of surface treatment on the biocompatibility of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates显示文摘 | Yang Xianshuang Zhao Kai Chen G Q | 2002 | Biomaterials2002，23，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Scatter hoarding by the Central American agouti:a test of optimal cache spacing theory显示文摘 | Gálvez D Kranstauber B Kays RW Jansen PA | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 9 | Ce and F comodification on the crystal structure and enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation显示文摘 | HU AN G Hongwei LIU Kun CHEN Kai | 2014 | J Phys Chem C2014，118，14： | 1 |
| 10 | The effects of heat treatment on the chromium depletion, precipitate evolution, and corrosion resistance of INCONEL Alloy 690 显示文摘 | Kai J J Yu G P Tsai C H | 1989 | Metallurgical Transactions A1989，20，： | 1 |
| 11 | Autoregulation of microRNA biogenesis by let-7 and Argonaute显示文摘 | Zisoulis D G Kai Z S Chang R K | 2012 | Nature2012，486，7404： | 1 |
| 12 | Anterior eruciate ligament recon- struction with LARS artificial ligament: a multicenter study with 3 to 5 year follow-up显示文摘 | Kai G Chen S Wang L | 2010 | Arthroscopy2010，26，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water 显示文摘 | SAHA G K SUZUKI K Z KAI H S | 2004 | Marine Science andTechnology2004，9，： | 1 |
| 14 | Steam explosion lignins:their extraction,structure and potential as feedstock for biodiesel and chemicals显示文摘 | Jiebing Li G(o)ran Gellerstedt Kai Toven | 2009 | Bioresource Technology2009，100，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Industrial applied and modeling research on selective H_~S removal using a rotating packed bed显示文摘 | ZHI Q LI Z H KAI G | 2012 | Industrial & Engineering Chemist~ Research2012，51，23： | 1 |
| 16 | The Effects of HeatTreatment on the Chromium Depletion,Precipitate Evolution,and Corrosion Resistance of INCONEL Alloy 690显示文摘 | KAI J J YU G P Tsai C H | 1989 | Metal-lurgical Transactions1989，，20： | 1 |
| 17 | Temperature compensation package for fiber Bragg gratings 显示文摘 | HUANG Y L LI J KAI G Y | 2003 | Microwave and Optical Technology Letters2003，39，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Influence of water on the vapor-liquid equilibria, activity coefficients at infinite dilution and enthalpies of mixing for mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with C5 or C6 hydrocarbons 显示文摘 | Kai F Jurgen G | 2004 | Fluid Phase Equilibria2004，218，1： | 1 |
| 19 | State-of-charge balance using adaptive droop control for distributed energy storage systems in DC microgTid applications显示文摘 | LU Xiaonan SUN Kai JOSEP M G | 2014 | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics2014，61，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Characterization, expression profi-ling, and functional identification of a gene encoding geranylgera-nyl diphosphate synthase from Salvia miltiorrhiza显示文摘 | Kai G Pan L Tong Z | 2010 | BiotechnolBioproc Eng2010，15，2： | 1 |
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