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| 1 | Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand显示文摘BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal disorder.Hemorrhoids can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate line.External hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant discomfort.Internal hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by Goligher.Generally,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural intervention.AIM To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New Zealand.METHODS An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical scenarios.RESULTS There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based scenarios.Nine(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the guidelines.This was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external hemorrhoids.There were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the guidelines.These topics were based on low and moderate levels of evidence.They included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade III internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative pain.CONCLUSION Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research. | George E Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Christopher John Young | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，22： | 8 |
| 2 | Intravenous immune globulin suppresses angiogenesis in mice and humans显示文摘Human intravenous immune globulin(IVIg),a purified IgG fraction composed of~60%IgG1 and obtained from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors,is clinically used for a wide range of diseases.The biological actions of IVIg are incompletely understood and have been attributed both to the polyclonal antibodies therein and also to their IgG(IgG)Fc regions.Recently,we demonstrated that multiple therapeutic human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner via FcγRI,a high-affinity receptor for IgG1.Here we show that IVIg possesses similar anti-angiogenic activity and inhibited blood vessel growth in five different mouse models of prevalent human diseases,namely,neovascular age-related macular degeneration,corneal neovascularization,colorectal cancer,fibrosarcoma and peripheral arterial ischemic disease.Angioinhibition was mediated by the Fc region of IVIg,required FcγRI and had similar potency in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRs.Finally,IVIg therapy administered to humans for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases reduced kidney and muscle blood vessel densities.These data place IVIg,an agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration,as a novel angioinhibitory drug in doses that are currently administered in the clinical setting.In addition,they raise the possibility of an unintended effect of IVIg on blood vessels. | Reo Yasuma Valeria Cicatiello Takeshi Mizutani Laura Tudisco Younghee Kim Valeria Tarallo Sasha Bogdanovich Yoshio Hirano Nagaraj Kerur Shengjian Li Tetsuhiro Yasuma Benjamin J Fowler Charles B Wright Ivana Apicella Adelaide Greco Arturo Brunetti Balamurali K Ambati Sevim Barbasso Helmers Ingrid E Lundberg Ondrej Viklicky Jeanette HW Leusen J Sjef Verbeek Bradley D Gelfand Ana Bastos-Carvalho Sandro De Falco Jayakrishna Ambati | 2016 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2016，1，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin显示文摘 | Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 4 | Variant design for mechanical artifacts: A state-of-the-art survey显示文摘 | FOWLER J E | 1996 | Engineering with Computers1996，12，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Modelling tem-pering behaviour of dark chocolates from varying particle size distribu-tion and fat content using response surface methodology显示文摘 | AFOAKWA E O PATERSON A FOWLER M | 2008 | Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies2008，9，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Aperture error mitigation via local-state estimation for frequency-based emitter location显示文摘 | Wu N E Fowler M L | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems2003，39，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Relationship of pretreatment transurethral resection of the prostate to survival without distant metastases in patients treated with ^125I-implantation for localized prostatic cancer显示文摘 | Fowler J E Jr Fisher H A Kaiser D L | 1984 | Cancer1984，53，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin显示文摘 | Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE | 2002 | N Engl J Med2002，346，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Strain improve- ment of recombinant Escherichia coli for efficient produc- tion of plant flavonoids 显示文摘 | Leonard E Yan Y Fowler Z L | 2008 | Molecular Pharmaceutics2008，5，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Growth hormone therapy improves bone mineral density in children with cerebral palsy: a preliminary pilot study显示文摘 | Ali O Shim M Fowler E | 2007 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2007，92，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Reduction in the incidence of type-2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin 显示文摘 | Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE | 2002 | N Engl J Med2002，346，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Nanoscale Materials with Mesostructured Interiors显示文摘 | Fowler C E Khushalani D Lebean B | 2001 | Adv Mater2001，13，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Wavelet transforms for vector fields using omnidirectionally balanced multiwavelets 显示文摘 | FOWLER J E LI H | 2002 | IEEE Trans Signal Processing2002，50，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metfromin 显示文摘 | Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE | 2002 | N Eng J Med2002，346，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Long - term physical impairment and functional outcomes after complex facial fractures 显示文摘 | Girotto J A MacKenzie E Fowler C | 2001 | Plast Reconstr Surg2001，108，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Developmental regula tion of low-temperature tolerance in winter wheat显示文摘 | Mahfoozi S Limin A E Fowler D B | 2001 | Annals of Botany2001，87，： | 1 |
| 17 | Increasing rates of cardiac device infections among medicare beneficiaries: 1990–1999显示文摘 | Christopher H Cabell Paul A Heidenreich Vivian H Chu Christopher M Moore Martin E Stryjewski G.Ralph Corey Vance G Fowler | 2004 | American Heart Journal2004，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin 显示文摘 | Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE | 2002 | New England Journal of Medicine2002，346，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Overian follicular dynamics in the llama显示文摘 | Fowler M E Stabenfeldt G H | 1990 | Biol Reprod1990，43，： | 1 |
| 20 | Nanoscale materials with mesostructured interiors显示文摘 | Fowler C E Khushalani D Lebeau B | 2001 | Adv Mater (Weinheim Ger)2001，13，： | 1 |
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