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| 1 | Two quantitative trait loci, Dw1 and Dw2, are primarily responsible for rootstock-induced dwarfing in apple显示文摘The apple dwarfing rootstock‘Malling9’(‘M9’)has been used worldwide both to reduce scion vigour and as a genetic source for breeding new rootstocks.Progeny of‘M9’segregate for rootstock-induced dwarfing of the scion,indicating that this trait is controlled by one or more genetic factors.A quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis of a rootstock population derived from the cross between‘M9’בRobusta5’(non-dwarfing)and grafted with‘Braeburn’scions identified a major QTL(Dw1)on linkage group(LG)5,which exhibits a significant influence on dwarfing of the scion.A smaller-effect QTL affecting dwarfing(Dw2)was identified on LG11,and four minor-effect QTLs were found on LG6,LG9,LG10 and LG12.Phenotypic analysis indicates that the combination of Dw1 and Dw2 has the strongest influence on rootstock-induced dwarfing,and that Dw1 has a stronger effect than Dw2.Genetic markers linked to Dw1 and Dw2 were screened over 41 rootstock accessions that confer a range of effects on scion growth.The majority of the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstock accessions screened carried marker alleles linked to Dw1 and Dw2.This suggests that most apple dwarfing rootstocks have been derived from the same genetic source. | Toshi M Foster Jean-Marc Celton David Chagné D Stuart Tustin Susan E Gardiner | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 10 |
| 2 | Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism显示文摘Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot mass.To identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.Differentially expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox homeostasis.Genes promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were upregulated.The only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing rootstocks.Non-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’trees.Together,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch reserves.Another significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdLAX2 in dwarfing rootstocks.We propose that both factors reduce polar auxin transport.The results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks. | Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite Helen L Boldingh Tony K McGhie | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Poor prognostic factors in post-traumatic endophthalmitis following open globe injury显示文摘AIM:To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis(PTE)following open globe injury.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients(66 eyes)with PTE following open globe injury from 2005 to 2015.Potential factors accounting for good and poor visual outcome were statistically analyzed by Chisquare test and Logistic regression model.RESULTS:In 66 cases,39 cases(59%)had a poor visual outcome.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified retained intraocular foreign body(IOFB)as the only factor significantly associated with poor visual outcome[adjusted odds ratio,4.62;95%confidence interval(1.04-20.53);P=0.04].The most common causative agents were gram-positive organisms(83%),of which Bacillus cereus(33%),was the most common pathogen.All cases received intravitreal antibiotic injections.Oral ciprofloxacin was the most used systemic antibiotic(33%).Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 83%(55/66)of cases.At 6 mo follow-up,mean BCVA was 1.74±0.72 log MAR units.CONCLUSION:In patients with PTE following open globe injury,the only predictor of poor visual outcome is the presence of IOFB.Bacillus cereus is the most isolated microorganism. | Sukhum Silpa-archa Akkaranisorn Dejkong Kwanchanoke Kumsiang Peranut Chotcomwongse Janine M Preble C.Stephen Foster | 2020 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2020，13，12： | 3 |
| 4 | Grid services, for distributed system integration显示文摘 | Foster I Kesselman C Nick J M | 2002 | Compute2002，35，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Regulation of calcium levels in brain tissue from adult and aged rats 显示文摘 | Michaelis M L Foster C T Jayawichreme C J | 2002 | Mechanisms of Ageing and Development2002，62，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Garlic natural health products exhibit variable constituent levels and antimicrobial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis显示文摘 | Liao M Foster | 2005 | Phytother Res2005，19，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains:evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance显示文摘 | Holden MT Feil EJ Lindsay JA Peacock SJ Day NP Enright MC Foster TJ Moore CE Hurst L Atkin R Barron A Bason N Bentley SD Chillingworth C Chillingworth T Churcher C Clark L Corton C Cronin A Doggett J Dowd L Feltwell T Hance Z Harris B Hauser H Holroyd S Jagels K James KD Lennard N Line A Mayes R Moule S Mungall K Ormond D Quail MA Rabbinowitsch E Rutherford K Sanders M Sharp S Simmonds M Stevens K Whitehead S Barrell BG Spratt BG Parkhill J | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，26： | 1 |
| 8 | Overview of the I-WAY:Wide area visual supercomputing显示文摘 | DeFanti T Foster I Papka M | 1996 | International Journal of Supercomputer Applications1996，10，2： | 1 |
| 9 | The effects of sulfonate molecular weight and salt concentration on the interracial tension of oil-brine-surfactant systems显示文摘 | Nillson P M Murphy C L Foster W R | 1976 | SPE58121976，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Determination of optimal pacing strategy in track cycling with an energy flow model显示文摘 | DE KONING J J BOBBERT M F FOSTER C | 1992 | J Sci Med Sport1992，2，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Autonomic imbalance hypothesis and overtraining syndrome 显示文摘 | Lehmann M Foster C Dickhuth H H | 1998 | Med Sci Sports Exercise1998，30，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Amplification of a cyto- chrome P450 gene is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insec- ticides in the aphid Myzus persicae 显示文摘 | Puinean A M Foster S P Oliphant L | 2010 | PLoS Genet2010，6，10： | 1 |
| 13 | AIDS-related experience, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs amongst nurses in area with a high rate of HIV infection显示文摘 | Plant M L Foster J | 1993 | Journal of Advanced Nursing1993，18，： | 1 |
| 14 | Recommend- ations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular reg-urgitation with two-dimensional Doppler Echocardiography 显示文摘 | Zoghbi W A Enriquez-Sarano M Foster E | 2003 | J Am Soc Echocardiogr2003，16，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Impact of resting heart rate on mortality, disability, cognitive decline in patients after ischaemic stroke显示文摘 | Bohn M Cotton D Foster L | 2012 | Eur Heart J2012，33，： | 1 |
| 16 | Interpretation of the composition of trioctahe dral micas显示文摘 | Foster M D | 1960 | Geological Survey Professional Paper1960，354，： | 1 |
| 17 | Manufacturing overhead cost driver analysis显示文摘 | Foster G Gupta M | 1990 | Journal of Accounting and Economics1990，12，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Prevalence and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in adult Chi- nese:a population-based study in Liwan District, Guangzhou 显示文摘 | He M Foster P J Ge J Huang W Zheng Y Friedman DS | 2005 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2005，47，7： | 1 |
| 19 | The Wolbachia genome of Brugia malayi: endosymbiont evolution within a human pathogenic nematode显示文摘 | Foster J Ganatra M Kamal I | 2005 | PLoS Biol2005，3，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping for the basaltic aquifer of the Azraq basin of Jordan using GIS, remote sensingand DRASTIC 显示文摘 | A l-adamat R A N Foster I D L Baban S M J | 2003 | Applied Geography2003，23，4： | 1 |
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