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| 1 | 全球药物滥用的疾病负担:来自2010年全球疾病负担研究显示文摘背景:直到目前还没有研究者系统地估计过全球及区域性的苯丙胺类、大麻、可卡因和阿片类药物依赖的患病率及其造成的疾病负担。我们旨在用伤残损失寿命年(YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(YLLs)和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)来估计药物依赖的患病率和其造成的疾病负担。方法:采用贝叶斯Meta回归的方法(Dis Mod-MR)对药物依赖的流行病学研究及2010年全球疾病、伤害及危险因素负担研究(GBD 2010)进行了系统综述,估计人群水平的药物依赖患病率。GBD 2010通过代表性社区调查和基于互联网的调查计算出新的失能权重。我们把估计的药物依赖患病率和新的失能权重结合起来估算药物依赖导致的YLDs、YLLs、DALYs和其作为相关疾病危险因素时导致的YLDs、YLLs和DALYs。结果:2010年,药物依赖直接造成了2千万的DALYs(95%UI(不确定区间)1.3-2.54千万),占全球全因DALYs的0.8%(0.6%-1.0%)。世界范围内,相比于其他药物,越来越多的人依赖于阿片类和苯丙胺类药物。阿片类药物依赖直接造成的疾病负担最大(DALYs为920万,95%UI为710-1140万)。在某些地区,药物依赖导致的DALYs所占比例比其他地区高出20倍,收入越高的国家药物依赖造成的负担所占比例也越高。注射吸毒所致HIV感染造成210万的DALYs(95%UI 110-360万),所致HCV感染导致50.2万的DALYs(95%UI 28.6-89.1万)。苯丙胺类药物依赖所致自杀造成85.4万的DALYs(95%UI 29.1-179.1万),阿片类药物依赖所致自杀造成67.1万的DALYs(95%UI 32.9-173.0万),可卡因依赖所致自杀造成32.4万的DALYs(95%UI 10.9-68.2万)。药物依赖导致的疾病负担最高的国家(>650 DALYs/10万人)包括美国,英国,俄罗斯和澳大利亚。结论:药物滥用是造成全球疾病负担的一个重要因素。为减少人群水平的疾病负担,我们需采取有效的措施(比如给予阿片类药物依赖者替代治疗及针具交换等)降低阿片类药物依赖和注射吸毒导致的疾病负担。 | 王同瑜 Degenhardt L Whiteford HA Ferrari AJ Baxter AJ Charlson FJ Hall WD Freedman G Burstein R Johns Engell RE Flaxman A Murray CJ Vos T | 2015 | 中国药物依赖性杂志2015，24，6： | 3 |
| 2 | Subdaily Earth Rotation During the Epoch ' 92 Campaign显示文摘 | FREEDMAN A P IBANZE-MEIER R HERRING T A | 1994 | Geophysical Research Letters1994，21，9： | 1 |
| 3 | Protein disulphide isomerase: building bridges in protein folding显示文摘 | FREEDMAN R B HIRST T R TUITE MF | 1994 | Trends Biochem Sci1994，19，： | 1 |
| 4 | A comprehensive investigation of the mechanism and photophysies of isomerization of a protonated and unprotonated schiff-base of 11-cis-retinal显示文摘 | Becker R S Freedman K | 1985 | J Am Chem Soc1985，107，： | 1 |
| 5 | No Significant Association of 14 Candidate Genes With Schizophrenia in a Large European Ancestry Sample: Implications for Psychiatric Genetics显示文摘 | Sanders Alan R Duan Jubao Levinson Douglas F Shi Jianxin He Deli Hou Cuiping Burrell Gregory J Rice John P Nertney Deborah A Olincy Ann Rozic Pablo Vinogradov Sophia Buccola Nancy G Mowry Bryan J Freedman Robert Amin Farooq Black Donald W | 2008 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2008，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of daily fluoride exposures on fluoride release by glass ionomer-based restoratives 显示文摘 | Freedman R Diefenderfer KE | 2003 | OperativeDentistry2003，28，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Hot flashes:behavioral treatments,mechanisms,and relation to sleep显示文摘 | Freedman R R | 2005 | Am J Med2005，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparative investigation of the photoisomerization of the protonated and unprotonated normal-butylamine schiff-bases of 9-cis-retinals,11-cis-retinals,13-cis-retinals,and alltrans-retinals显示文摘 | Becket R S Freedman K | 1986 | J Am Chem Soc1986，108，： | 1 |
| 9 | Clonidine raises the sweating threshold in symptomatic but not in asymptomatie postmenopausal women 显示文摘 | Freedman RR Dinsay R | 2000 | Fertil Steril2000，74，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Cortical activation during menopausal hot flashes显示文摘 | Freedman R R Benton M D Genik R J 2nd Graydon F X | 2006 | Fertil Steril2006，85，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Ventricular tachycardia in structurally normal hearts 显示文摘 | Wall T Freedman R | 2002 | Curt Cardiol Rep2002，4，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonists: potential new candidates for the treatment of schizophrenia显示文摘 | MARTIN L F KEM W R FREEDMAN R | 2004 | Psychopharmacology2004，174，： | 1 |
| 13 | Lack of sleep disturbance from menopausal hot flashes显示文摘 | Freedman R R Roehrs T A | 2004 | Fertil Steril2004，82，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Elementary phenotypes in the neurobiological and genetic study of schizophrenia显示文摘 | Adler LE Freedman R Ross RG | 1999 | Biol Psychiatry1999，46，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Testability of software components显示文摘 | Freedman R S | 1991 | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering1991，17，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Tempo and mode of sequence evolution in mitochondrial DNA of Hawaiian Drosophila显示文摘 | DESALLE R T FREEDMAN T PRAGER E M | 1987 | J Molecular Biology and Evolution1987，26，： | 1 |
| 17 | Toxic effects of lead on neuronal development and funetion显示文摘 | Freedman R Olson L Hoffer B J | 1990 | Environ Health Persp1990，89，： | 1 |
| 18 | Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil 显示文摘 | FREEDMAN B BUTTERFIELD R Q PRYDE E H | 1986 | J Am Oil Chem Soc1986，63，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Relation of childhood height to obesity among adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study 显示文摘 | FREEDMAN D S SRINIVASAN S R | 2002 | Pediatrics2002，109，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Patient perception of sleep quality and etiology of sleep distuption in the in- tensive care unit显示文摘 | Freedman N S Kotzer N Scwab R J | 1999 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med1999，159，4： | 1 |
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