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| 1 | 全球药物滥用的疾病负担:来自2010年全球疾病负担研究显示文摘背景:直到目前还没有研究者系统地估计过全球及区域性的苯丙胺类、大麻、可卡因和阿片类药物依赖的患病率及其造成的疾病负担。我们旨在用伤残损失寿命年(YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(YLLs)和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)来估计药物依赖的患病率和其造成的疾病负担。方法:采用贝叶斯Meta回归的方法(Dis Mod-MR)对药物依赖的流行病学研究及2010年全球疾病、伤害及危险因素负担研究(GBD 2010)进行了系统综述,估计人群水平的药物依赖患病率。GBD 2010通过代表性社区调查和基于互联网的调查计算出新的失能权重。我们把估计的药物依赖患病率和新的失能权重结合起来估算药物依赖导致的YLDs、YLLs、DALYs和其作为相关疾病危险因素时导致的YLDs、YLLs和DALYs。结果:2010年,药物依赖直接造成了2千万的DALYs(95%UI(不确定区间)1.3-2.54千万),占全球全因DALYs的0.8%(0.6%-1.0%)。世界范围内,相比于其他药物,越来越多的人依赖于阿片类和苯丙胺类药物。阿片类药物依赖直接造成的疾病负担最大(DALYs为920万,95%UI为710-1140万)。在某些地区,药物依赖导致的DALYs所占比例比其他地区高出20倍,收入越高的国家药物依赖造成的负担所占比例也越高。注射吸毒所致HIV感染造成210万的DALYs(95%UI 110-360万),所致HCV感染导致50.2万的DALYs(95%UI 28.6-89.1万)。苯丙胺类药物依赖所致自杀造成85.4万的DALYs(95%UI 29.1-179.1万),阿片类药物依赖所致自杀造成67.1万的DALYs(95%UI 32.9-173.0万),可卡因依赖所致自杀造成32.4万的DALYs(95%UI 10.9-68.2万)。药物依赖导致的疾病负担最高的国家(>650 DALYs/10万人)包括美国,英国,俄罗斯和澳大利亚。结论:药物滥用是造成全球疾病负担的一个重要因素。为减少人群水平的疾病负担,我们需采取有效的措施(比如给予阿片类药物依赖者替代治疗及针具交换等)降低阿片类药物依赖和注射吸毒导致的疾病负担。 | 王同瑜 Degenhardt L Whiteford HA Ferrari AJ Baxter AJ Charlson FJ Hall WD Freedman G Burstein R Johns Engell RE Flaxman A Murray CJ Vos T | 2015 | 中国药物依赖性杂志2015，24，6： | 3 |
| 2 | Automatic Tracing and Segmentation of Rat Mammary Fat Pads in MRI Image Sequences Based on Cartoon-Texture Model显示文摘The growth patterns of mammary fat pads and glandular tissues inside the fat pads may be related with the risk factors of breast cancer.Quantitative measurements of this relationship are available after segmentation of mammary pads and glandular tissues.Rat fat pads may lose continuity along image sequences or adjoin similar intensity areas like epidermis and subcutaneous regions.A new approach for automatic tracing and segmentation of fat pads in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) image sequences is presented,which does not require that the number of pads be constant or the spatial location of pads be adjacent among image slices.First,each image is decomposed into cartoon image and texture image based on cartoon-texture model.They will be used as smooth image and feature image for segmentation and for targeting pad seeds,respectively.Then,two-phase direct energy segmentation based on Chan-Vese active contour model is applied to partitioning the cartoon image into a set of regions,from which the pad boundary is traced iteratively from the pad seed.A tracing algorithm based on scanning order is proposed to accurately trace the pad boundary,which effectively removes the epidermis attached to the pad without any post processing as well as solves the problem of over-segmentation of some small holes inside the pad.The experimental results demonstrate the utility of this approach in accurate delineation of various numbers of mammary pads from several sets of MRI images. | 涂圣贤 张素 陈亚珠 Freedman Matthew T WANG Bin XUAN Jason WANG Yue | 2009 | Transactions of Tianjin University2009，15，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Subdaily Earth Rotation During the Epoch ' 92 Campaign显示文摘 | FREEDMAN A P IBANZE-MEIER R HERRING T A | 1994 | Geophysical Research Letters1994，21，9： | 1 |
| 4 | Protein disulphide isomerase: building bridges in protein folding显示文摘 | FREEDMAN R B HIRST T R TUITE MF | 1994 | Trends Biochem Sci1994，19，： | 1 |
| 5 | The effect of multiple reexcisions on the risk of local recurrence after breast conserving surgery显示文摘 | O'Sullivan MJ Li T Freedman G | 2007 | Ann Surg Oncol2007，14，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Locoregional recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer after breast conserving surgery and radiation 显示文摘 | Freedman GH Anderson PR Li T | 2009 | Cancer2009，115，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Damage con- trol surgery for spine trauma显示文摘 | Kossmann T Trease L Freedman I | 2004 | Injury2004，35，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Ventricular tachycardia in structurally normal hearts 显示文摘 | Wall T Freedman R | 2002 | Curt Cardiol Rep2002，4，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Lack of sleep disturbance from menopausal hot flashes显示文摘 | Freedman R R Roehrs T A | 2004 | Fertil Steril2004，82，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Variables affecting the yields offatty eters from transesterified vegetable oils 显示文摘 | Freedman B Pryde E H Miybts T L | 1984 | JAOCS1984，61，： | 1 |
| 11 | Tempo and mode of sequence evolution in mitochondrial DNA of Hawaiian Drosophila显示文摘 | DESALLE R T FREEDMAN T PRAGER E M | 1987 | J Molecular Biology and Evolution1987，26，： | 1 |
| 12 | Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils显示文摘 | FREEDMAN B PRYDE C H MOUNTS T L | 1984 | J Am Oil Chem Soc1984，61，： | 1 |
| 13 | Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils显示文摘 | Freedman B Pryde E H Mounts T L | 1984 | Journal of the American OilChemists Society1984，61，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Near-infrared and mid-infrared Fourier transform vibrational circular dichroism of proteins in aqueous solution 显示文摘 | Ma S Freedman T B Dukor R K Nafie L A | 2010 | Appl Spectrosc2010，64，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Hybridization for conventional DNAfingerprinting used as single primers in the polymerase chain reaction to distinguishstrain of cryptococcus neoformans显示文摘 | Meyer W Michell T G Freedman E Z | 1993 | Jour Clinical Biol1993，31，： | 1 |
| 16 | Mercury resistance and mercuric reductase activities and expression among chemotrophic thermophilic aquificae 显示文摘 | Freedman Z Zhu C Barkay T | 2012 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2012，78，18： | 1 |
| 17 | Protein disulphide isomerase: building ridges in protein folding 显示文摘 | Freedman R B Hirst T R Tuite M F | 1994 | Trends Biochem Sci1994，19，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Determination of the absolute configuration and solution conformation of gossypol by vibrational circular dichroism显示文摘 | FREEDMAN T B CAO X OLIVEIRA R V | 2003 | Chirality2003，，15： | 1 |
| 19 | Locoregional recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery and radiation显示文摘 | Freedman GM Anderson PR Li T | 2009 | Cancer2009，115，5： | 1 |
| 20 | A new method of scoring coronary angiograms to reflect extent of coronary atherosclerosis and improve correlation with major risk factors显示文摘 | SULLIVAN D R MARWICK T H FREEDMAN S B | 1990 | Am Heart J1990，119，6： | 1 |
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