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| 1 | Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review显示文摘The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties.The field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an exception.The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination.The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. | Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 6 |
| 2 | On tolerability and safety of a maintenance treatment with 6-thioguanine in azathioprineor 6-mercaptopurine intolerant IBD patients显示文摘AIM: To determine the tolerability and safety profile of a low-dose maintenance therapy with 6-TG in azathioprine (AZA) or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) intolerant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients over a treatment period of at least 1 year.METHODS: Database analysis.RESULTS: Twenty out of ninety-five (21%) patients discontinued 6-TG (mean dose 24.6 mg; mean 6-TGN level 540 pmol/8×108 RBC) within 1 year. Reasons for discontinuation were GI complaints (31%), malaise (15%)and hepatotoxicity (15%). Hematological events occurred in three patients, one discontinued treatment. In the 6-TG-tolerant group, 9% (7/75) could be classified as hepatotoxicity. An abdominal ultrasound was performed in 54% of patients, one patient had splenomegaly.CONCLUSION: The majority of AZA or 6-MP-intolerant IBD patients (79%) is able to tolerate maintenance treatment with 6-TG (dosages between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg per d). 6-TG may still be considered as an escape maintenance immunosuppressant in this difficult to treat group of patients, taking into account potential toxicity and efficacy of other alternatives. The recently reported hepatotoxicity is worrisome and 6-TG should therefore be administered only in prospective trials. | Nanne KH de Boer Luc JJ Derijks Lennard PL Gilissen Daniel W Hommes Leopold GJB Engels Sybrand Y de Boer Gijsbertus den Hartog Piet M Hooymans Anja BU M(?)kelburg Barend D Westerveld Anton HJ Naber Chris JJ Mulder Dirk J de Jong | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，35： | 4 |
| 3 | Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services: A tool for boosting conservation benefits显示文摘 | Tobias Wünscher Stefanie Engel Sven Wunder | 2007 | Ecological Economics2007，，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services: A tool for boosting conservation benefits显示文摘 | Tobias Wünscher Stefanie Engel Sven Wunder | 2007 | Ecological Economics2007，，4： | 2 |
| 5 | The essentiality of histo- and cytochemical studies in the investigation of neuromuscular disease显示文摘 | Engel W K | 1962 | Neurology1962，12，： | 1 |
| 6 | Glucocorticoidmediated suppression of cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in rat mesangial cells: involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and Ets transcription factors 显示文摘 | Eberhardt W Schulze M Engels C | 2002 | Mol Endocrinol2002，16，8： | 1 |
| 7 | The plane problem of an elliptically reinforced circular hole in an ani~tropic plate or lanainate 显示文摘 | Engels H Zakharov D Bccker W | 2001 | Archive of Applied Mechanics2001，71，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Prediction and verification of electromagnetic forces in helical coil launches 显示文摘 | ENGEL T DWAYNE S NUNNALLY W | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics2003，39，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Developmental patterns of vitellogenin haemolymph titre and rate of synthesis in adult drone honey bees (Apis mellifera )显示文摘 | Trenczek T Zillikens A Engels W | 1989 | J Insect Physiol1989，35，： | 1 |
| 10 | Teach the teachers: an observational study on mentor traineeship in gynecological laparoscopic surgery显示文摘 | Kolkman W Engels LE Smeets MJ Jansen FW | 2007 | Gynecol Obstet Invest2007，64，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Temporal binding and the neural correlates of sensory awareness 显示文摘 | Engel AK Singer W | 2001 | Trend Cognitive Sei2001，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Breaking Abbe' s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes 显示文摘 | T A Klar E Engel S W Hell | 2001 | Phys Rev E2001，64，06： | 1 |
| 13 | Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services:A tool for boosting conservation benefits显示文摘 | Wünscher T Engel S Wunder S | 2008 | Ecological Economics2008，65，： | 1 |
| 14 | Interactions between mouse ZP2 glycoprotein and proacrosin;a mechanism for secondary binding of sperm to the zona pellucida during fertilization显示文摘 | Howes E Pascall J C Engel W | 2001 | J Cell Sci2001，114，22： | 1 |
| 15 | Design of an ultralight weight autonomous solar airplane for continuous flight显示文摘 | NOTH A ENGEL W SIEGWART R | 2006 | Proceedings of Field and Service Robotics2006，25，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Predictive value of serum SlOOp for monitoring patients with metastatic melanoma during chemotherapy adn/or immunotherapy 显示文摘 | Hauschild A Engel G Brenner W | 2003 | Br J Demratol2003，11，： | 1 |
| 17 | Light and electron microscopic localization of beta-amyloid protein in muscle biopsies of patients with inclusion-body myositis显示文摘 | ASKANAS V ENGEL W K ALVAREZ R B | 1992 | Am J Pathol1992，141，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The Radiation Sensitivities of Three Species of Fiddler Crabs显示文摘 | Engel D W | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Temporal binding and the neural correlates of sensory awareness 显示文摘 | Engel AK Singer W | 2001 | Trends Cogn Sci2001，5，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Registration of crop cultivars显示文摘 | Dickson W K Pepin G W Engel R E | 1980 | Crop Science1980，20，： | 1 |
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