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| 1 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review显示文摘The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties.The field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an exception.The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination.The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. | Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 6 |
| 3 | 全球药物滥用的疾病负担:来自2010年全球疾病负担研究显示文摘背景:直到目前还没有研究者系统地估计过全球及区域性的苯丙胺类、大麻、可卡因和阿片类药物依赖的患病率及其造成的疾病负担。我们旨在用伤残损失寿命年(YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(YLLs)和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)来估计药物依赖的患病率和其造成的疾病负担。方法:采用贝叶斯Meta回归的方法(Dis Mod-MR)对药物依赖的流行病学研究及2010年全球疾病、伤害及危险因素负担研究(GBD 2010)进行了系统综述,估计人群水平的药物依赖患病率。GBD 2010通过代表性社区调查和基于互联网的调查计算出新的失能权重。我们把估计的药物依赖患病率和新的失能权重结合起来估算药物依赖导致的YLDs、YLLs、DALYs和其作为相关疾病危险因素时导致的YLDs、YLLs和DALYs。结果:2010年,药物依赖直接造成了2千万的DALYs(95%UI(不确定区间)1.3-2.54千万),占全球全因DALYs的0.8%(0.6%-1.0%)。世界范围内,相比于其他药物,越来越多的人依赖于阿片类和苯丙胺类药物。阿片类药物依赖直接造成的疾病负担最大(DALYs为920万,95%UI为710-1140万)。在某些地区,药物依赖导致的DALYs所占比例比其他地区高出20倍,收入越高的国家药物依赖造成的负担所占比例也越高。注射吸毒所致HIV感染造成210万的DALYs(95%UI 110-360万),所致HCV感染导致50.2万的DALYs(95%UI 28.6-89.1万)。苯丙胺类药物依赖所致自杀造成85.4万的DALYs(95%UI 29.1-179.1万),阿片类药物依赖所致自杀造成67.1万的DALYs(95%UI 32.9-173.0万),可卡因依赖所致自杀造成32.4万的DALYs(95%UI 10.9-68.2万)。药物依赖导致的疾病负担最高的国家(>650 DALYs/10万人)包括美国,英国,俄罗斯和澳大利亚。结论:药物滥用是造成全球疾病负担的一个重要因素。为减少人群水平的疾病负担,我们需采取有效的措施(比如给予阿片类药物依赖者替代治疗及针具交换等)降低阿片类药物依赖和注射吸毒导致的疾病负担。 | 王同瑜 Degenhardt L Whiteford HA Ferrari AJ Baxter AJ Charlson FJ Hall WD Freedman G Burstein R Johns Engell RE Flaxman A Murray CJ Vos T | 2015 | 中国药物依赖性杂志2015，24，6： | 3 |
| 4 | Structural determinants of water permeation through aquaporin-1 显示文摘 | MIYAMOTO K MITSUOKA K HIRAI T WALZ T AGRE P HEYMANN J B ENGEL A FUJIYOSHI Y | 2000 | Nature2000，407，： | 1 |
| 5 | Prediction and verification of electromagnetic forces in helical coil launches 显示文摘 | ENGEL T DWAYNE S NUNNALLY W | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics2003，39，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Initiators for endothermic fuels 显示文摘 | Wickham D T Engel J R Hitch B D etal | 2001 | J Propul Power2001，17，： | 1 |
| 7 | Peripheral vascular disease andoutcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery 显示文摘 | Collison T Smith JM Engel AM | 2006 | ArchSurg2006，141，： | 1 |
| 8 | Low admission Norton scores are associated with falls long after rehabilita tion in elderly with hip fractures 显示文摘 | Halperin E Engel T Sherman S | 2012 | Clin Inter Aging2012，7，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Continuous/discontinuous finite element approximations of fourth-order elliptic problems in structural and continuum mechanics with applications to thin beams and plates, and strain gradient elasticity显示文摘 | Garikipati K Hughes T J R | 2002 | Comput Methods Appl Mech Engng2002，191，： | 1 |
| 10 | Developmental patterns of vitellogenin haemolymph titre and rate of synthesis in adult drone honey bees (Apis mellifera )显示文摘 | Trenczek T Zillikens A Engels W | 1989 | J Insect Physiol1989，35，： | 1 |
| 11 | Breaking Abbe' s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes 显示文摘 | T A Klar E Engel S W Hell | 2001 | Phys Rev E2001，64，06： | 1 |
| 12 | Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services:A tool for boosting conservation benefits显示文摘 | Wünscher T Engel S Wunder S | 2008 | Ecological Economics2008，65，： | 1 |
| 13 | Trends in the postmor- tem epidemiology of invasive fungal infections at a university hos- pital显示文摘 | Lehrnbecher T Frank C Engels K | 2010 | J Infect2010，61，3： | 1 |
| 14 | TWEAK - Fnl4 Cytokine - Receptor Axis: A New Player of Myocardial Remodeling and Car- diac Failure 显示文摘 | Novoyatleva T Sajjad A Engel FB | 2014 | Front Immuno12014，5，： | 1 |
| 15 | Changes in blood lymphocyte populations after multiple trauma:association with posttraumatic complications显示文摘 | MENGES T ENGEL J WELTERS I | 1999 | Crit Care Med1999，27，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Surface discharge switch design:the critical factor显示文摘 | Engel T G Kristiansen M Baker M C | 1991 | IEEE Trans on Electron Devices1991，38，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Tibial plateau fracture-biodegradablebone cement augmentation显示文摘 | Engel T Lill H Komer J e( al | 2003 | Unfallchirurg2003，106，： | 1 |
| 18 | Mutations of the multi-drug resistance-associated protein ABC transporter gene 5 result in reduction of phytic acid in rice seeds 显示文摘 | Xu X H Zhao H J Liu Q L Frank T Engel K H An G Shu Q Y | 2009 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics2009，119，： | 1 |
| 19 | Evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial vascularization and endometrial volume by 3 -D power doppler ultrasound and its relationship with age and pregnancy in intrauterine insemination cycles显示文摘 | Engels V Sanfrutos L Perez -Medina T | 2011 | Gynecol Ohstet Invest2011，72，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Regional hemostatic status and blood requirements after total knee arthroplasty with and without tranexamic acid or aprotinin显示文摘 | Engel JM Hohaus T Ruwoldt R | 2001 | Anesth Analg2001，92，3： | 1 |
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