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| 1 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Genetic reinforcement learning for neurocontrol problem显示文摘 | Whiltley D Dominic S Das R | 1993 | Machine Learning1993，13，： | 1 |
| 4 | 110W fibre laser显示文摘 | V Dominic S MacCormack R Waarts | 1999 | Electronics Letters1999，35，14： | 1 |
| 5 | Comparison of parameter threshold combinations for diffusion tensor trac- tography in chronic stroke patients and healthy subjects 显示文摘 | Domin M Langner S Hosten N | 2014 | PLoS One2014，9，98： | 1 |
| 6 | Effectiveness, tol- erability, and safety of ziprasidone in patients with schizo- phrenia or schizoaffective disorder: results of a multi-centre observational trial显示文摘 | Kudla D Lambert M Domin S | 2007 | Eur Psychiatry2007，22，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Water Resistant Solid Lewis Acid Catalysts: Meerwein-Ponndoif-Verley and Op- penauer Reactionscatalyzed by Tin-Beta Zeolite 显示文摘 | Corma A Domine M E Valencia S | 2003 | J Catal2003，215，2： | 1 |
| 8 | 110 W fiber laser显示文摘 | DOMINIC V MACCORMACK S WAARTS R | 1999 | Elcectron Lett1999，35，14： | 1 |
| 9 | Quantifying the relationship between co-expression,co-regulation and gene function显示文摘 | Dominic J A Isaac S K Atul J B | 2004 | BMC Bioinformatics2004，5，： | 1 |
| 10 | 100 W fiber laser显示文摘 | DOMINIC V MACCORMACK S WAARTS R | 1999 | Electron Lett1999，35，14： | 1 |
| 11 | New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-dmg screening显示文摘 | PHILIP S RITSA S DOMINIC S | 1990 | Journal of the National Cancer Institute1990，82，13： | 1 |
| 12 | Skeletal muscle,cytokines,andox id at ive st ress i n end st age renal d isea se显示文摘 | Raj D S Dominic E A Pa A | 2005 | K i ndeyInt2005，68，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Microorganisms in dry polar snow are involved in the exchanges of reactive nitrogen species with the atmosphere 显示文摘 | Amoroso A Domine F Morin S | 2010 | Environmental Science & Technology2010，44，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Comparison of BCF models based on log P显示文摘 | Devillers J Bintein S Domine D | 1996 | Chemosphere1996，33，6： | 1 |
| 15 | 110 W fibrelaser 显示文摘 | V Dominic S MacCormack R Waarts | 1999 | Electron Lett1999，35，14： | 1 |
| 16 | RhoA/Rho kinase up-regulate Bax to activate a mitochondrial death pathway and induce cardio- myocyte apoptosis显示文摘 | Dominic P Del R Miyamoto S | 2007 | Biol Chem2007，282，11： | 1 |
| 17 | High reliability and efficiency single-phase transformerless inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems 显示文摘 | GU B DOMINIC J LAI J S | 2013 | IEEE Trans Power Electron2013，8，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome:Diagnostic problems with a known disease显示文摘 | Dominic W Werner S Peter A | 2001 | J Clin Microbiol2001，39，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Induction of lipolysis in vitro and loss of body fat in vivo by zinc-alpha (2)-glycoprotein显示文摘 | Russell S T Zimmerman T S P Domin B A | 2004 | BBA-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids2004，1636，1： | 1 |
| 20 | New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening显示文摘 | Philip S Retsa S Dominic S | 1990 | J Natl Cancer Inst1990，82，： | 1 |
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