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| 1 | Diel and seasonal variation of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes at Site Guojiaba, the Three Gorges Reservoir显示文摘In order to investigate the CH4and CO2fluxes across the water-gas interface and identify their controlling factors, four diel field campaigns and one monthly sampling campaign during June 2010–May 2011 were carried out at a site near the Three Gorges Dam,China. The averaged CH4and CO2fluxes across the air-water interface from the site were much less than those reported from reservoirs in tropic and temperate regions, and from the natural river channels of the Yangtze River. CH4Fluxes at the site were very low compared to most other reservoirs or natural lakes. One of the most important reasons may be due to the oxidation of CH4in the water column owing to the great water depth and high DO in water in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The averaged monthly CH4and CO2fluxes at the site during the observation year were 0.05 mg/(m2·hr) and 104.43 mg/(m2·hr) respectively with the maximum occurred in July 2010. The monthly CO2fluxes during the observation year were positively correlated to the surface water temperature, and negatively correlated to the air pressure and the surface water pH. The CO2flux showed a positive correlation with DOC to some extent, although not significantly, which indicated that allochthonous organic C was a major source of CO2and biogeochemical processes in this reservoir were C-limited. The significantly positive correlation between the reservoir outflow and the seasonal gas flux indicate the disturbance condition of the water body dominated the seasonal gas emission. | Shangbin Xiao Yuchun Wang Defu Liu Zhengjian Yang Dan Lei Cheng Zhang | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，10： | 20 |
| 2 | Breast milk macronutrient composition and the associated factors in urban Chinese mothers显示文摘 | Yang Titi Zhang Yumei Ning Yibing You Lili Ma Defu Zheng Yingdong Yang Xiaoguang Li Wenjun Wang Junkuan Wang Peiyu | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，9： | 17 |
| 3 | Dynamic airspace sectorization via improved genetic algorithm显示文摘This paper deals with dynamic airspace sectorization (DAS) problem by an improved genetic algorithm (iGA). A graph model is first constructed that represents the airspace static structure. Then the DAS problem is formulated as a graph-partitioning problem to balance the sector workload under the premise of ensuring safety. In the iGA, multiple populations and hybrid coding are applied to determine the optimal sector number and airspace sectorization. The sector constraints are well satisfied by the improved genetic operators and protect zones. This method is validated by being applied to the airspace of North China in terms of three indexes, which are sector balancing index, coordination workload index and sector average flight time index. The improvement is obvious, as the sector balancing index is reduced by 16.5 %, the coordination workload index is reduced by 11.2 %, and the sector average flight time index is increased by 11.4 % during the peak-hour traffic. | Yangzhou Chen Hong Bi Defu Zhang Zhuoxi Song | 2013 | Journal of Modern Transportation2013，21，2： | 6 |
| 4 | A study on JA-and BTH-induced resistance of Rosa rugosa‘Plena’to powdery mildew(Sphaerotheca pannosa)显示文摘Different concentrations of jasmonic acid(JA)and benzothiadiazole(BTH) were sprayed on 2-year-old Rosa rugosa‘Plena’ seedlings. The induced resistance of JA and BTH to Sphaerotheca pannosa(Wallr.) and the changes of their related physiological indices were investigated. Results showed that JA and BTH treatments had inhibitory impacts on S. pannosa infection. The optimal concentration of JA and BTH was 0.5 mmol/L for the disease-resistance induction of the leaves, its inductive effect was up to 66.36% for BTH and 54.49% for JA. Our results confirmed that exogenous JA and BTH significantly improved R. rugose ‘Plena’ resistance to S. pannosa. When treated with JA and BTH, activities of the three defense enzymes(POD, PPO, and PAL) increased significantly.Contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, and lignin also increased significantly. It is inferred from these results that exogenous JA and BTH could improve the resistance of R.rugose ‘Plena’ to S. pannosa through enhancing activities of the defensive enzymes and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the leaves. | Junxin Yan Yanan Deng Jia Yu Yongqiang Zhang Defu Chi | 2018 | Journal of Forestry Research2018，29，3： | 6 |
| 5 | Dynamic airspace configuration method based on a weighted graph model显示文摘This paper proposes a new method for dynamic airspace configuration based on a weighted graph model. The method begins with the construction of an undirected graph for the given airspace, where the vertices represent those key points such as airports, waypoints, and the edges represent those air routes. Those vertices are used as the sites of Voronoi diagram, which divides the airspace into units called as cells. Then, aircraft counts of both each cell and of each air-route are computed. Thus, by assigning both the vertices and the edges with those aircraft counts, a weighted graph model comes into being. Accordingly the airspace configuration problem is described as a weighted graph partitioning problem. Then, the problem is solved by a graph partitioning algorithm, which is a mixture of general weighted graph cuts algorithm, an optimal dynamic load balancing algorithm and a heuristic algorithm. After the cuts algorithm partitions the model into sub-graphs, the load balancing algorithm together with the heuristic algorithm transfers aircraft counts to balance workload among sub-graphs. Lastly, airspace configuration is completed by determining the sector boundaries. The simulation result shows that the designed sectors satisfy not only workload balancing condition, but also the constraints such as convexity, connectivity, as well as minimum distance constraint. | Chen Yangzhou Zhang Defu | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2014，27，4： | 4 |
| 6 | Development of the Array Transient Electromagnetic System and Its Experiments显示文摘Transient electromagnetic (TEM) technique plays a significant role in mineral exploration. To accommodate the complicated survey environments in the west part of China, we developed a portable array TEM equipment (ATEM-1), which was implemented based upon the idea to apply the GPS timing signal for the synchronization among transmitters and receivers. The structure of the system and its performance are discussed and the case study is also described. | Lin Jun Cheng Defu Liu Guoxing Duan Qingming Zhang Linhang Yu Shengbao | 2000 | Global Geology2000，5，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Musk secretion in muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.):association with lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related pathways显示文摘Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was used to analyze the main components of musk.The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55%of the musk is composed of fatty acids.The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol(9.31%)and other organics.Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways,which include fatty acid biosynthesis,elongation,and metabolism;steroid biosynthesis;steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes.Overall,our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production,and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season. | TIANXIANG ZHANG MEISHAN ZHANG MINGHUI SHI WEIJIANG JIN SHUMIAO ZHANG MENGYUAN FAN YIMENG LI YUPING MENG XUELIN TIAN SHUQIANG LIU DEFU HU | 2021 | BIOCELL2021，45，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Experimental and Numerical Study on Co-combustion Behaviors and NO_(x) Emission Characteristics of Semi-coke and Coal in a Tangentially Fired Utility Boiler显示文摘The utilization of powdery semi-coke as a power fuel in pulverized coal-fired power plants has become a new and potential technique to consume the excess powdery semi-coke.The characteristic of low volatile results in poor combustion performance and high NO_(x) emission,and to co-fire with bituminous coal is a practical strategy to address this problem.However,the co-combustion characteristics and the inherent interaction between semi-coke and coal remain insufficiently understood.In addition,the influences of secondary air arrangement,the boiler operation load,and the fuel type on co-combustion process are still unclear,which is urgent to be further explored.In the present study,experiments and numerical simulations were jointly utilized to inquire into the co-combustion behaviors and NO_(x) emission features of semi-coke and coal.The results demonstrated that the'out-furnace method'was a suitable choice for small-capacity boiler when the proportion of semi-coke was 33%,due to the limited combinations of the semi-coke injection position.It was recommended that semi-coke was preferred to be injected from the middle layers of the furnace under the'in-furnace method'to improve the overall co-combustion performance.The critical value of the separated over fire air ratio in this study was 27.5%,over which a slight drop of carbon content in fly ash could come about.Moreover,the elevation in the proportion of separated over fire air gave rise to the significant decline of NO_(x) concentration.The constricted secondary air arrangement was preferred to be employed due to the high boiler efficiency.The separated over fire air and the surrounding air needed to maintain a wide-open degree to prevent the increase of NO_(x) emissions and the coking of nozzles.For the load reduction regulation method adopted in this study,the NO_(x) concentration first rose and then dropped,while the burnout ratio decreased obviously as the operation load was reduced.Different combinations of coal and semi-coke generated significant influences on co-combustion behaviors within the furnace.The NO_(x )generated by high-volatile fuel (bituminous coal) combustion was mainly affected by volatile-N,while the NO_(x )generated by low-volatile fuel (semi-coke) was mainly impacted by char-N.This study is of guiding significance for the efficient and clean utilization and beneficial to the large-scale application of powder semi-coke in power plants. | WANG Chang’an FENG Qinqin JIN Liyan WANG Zhichao YAO Wei WANGPengqian DU Yongbo ZHANG Xilai YANG Zhongcan CHE Defu | 2021 | Journal of Thermal Science2021，30，4： | 2 |
| 9 | A two-stage intelligent search algorithm for the two-dimensional strip packing problem 显示文摘 | Stephen C L Zhang Defu Kwang M S | 2011 | European Journal of Operational Research2011，215，： | 1 |
| 10 | A simulated an- nealing with a new neighborhood structure based algorithm for high school timetabling problems 显示文摘 | Zhang Defu Liu Yongkai Hallah R M | 2010 | European J of Operational Research2010，203，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Simu- lated annealing for the vehicle routing problem with two- dimensional loading constraints 显示文摘 | Leung S C H Zheng Jiemin Zhang Defu | 2010 | Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal2010，22，12： | 1 |
| 12 | A simulated annealing with a new neighborhood structure based algorithm for high school timetabling problems 显示文摘 | ZHANG Defu LIU Yongkai HALLAH R M | 2010 | European Journal of Operational Research2010，203，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Extended guided tabu search and a new packing algorithm for the two algorithm loading vehicle routing problem 显示文摘 | Leung S C H Zhou Xiyue Zhang Defu | 2011 | Computers & Operations Research2011，38，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Extended locglsearch algorithm based on nonlinear programming for two-di-mensional irregular strip packing problem显示文摘 | Leung S C H Lin Yangbin Zhang Defu | 2012 | Computers &Operations Research2012，39，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A New Heuristic Recursive Algorithm for the Strip Rectangular Packing Problem显示文摘 | Zhang Defu Kang Yan Deng Ansheng | 2006 | Computers & Operations Research2006，33，8： | 1 |
| 16 | A Simulated Annealing with a New Neighborhood Structure Based Algorithm for High School Timetabling Problems显示文摘 | Zhang Defu Liu Yongkai Hallah R M | 2010 | European Journal of Operational Research2010，203，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of jasmonate treatments on leaves of Rosa rugosa‘Plena’and detoxification enzymes and feeding of adult Monolepta hieroglyphica显示文摘To study the effect of jasmonates(JAs)on the resistance of economic forest plants to insects,R osa rugosa‘Plena'leaves were treated with 1 mmol/L jasmonic acid(JA),methyl jasmonate(MeJA)and Z-jasmone,then the content of tannin and total phenol in leaves and the feeding area of Monolepta hieroglyphica adults on leaves were measured.Changes in the activities of detoxification enzymes in adult M.hieroglyphica that had fed on leaves treated with JAs were also studied.Tannin and total phenol levels in leaves increased significantly after treatment with JAs,and tannin level was 1.36–1.55-fold higher than in the control after treatment with 1 mmol/L MeJA.The total content of phenol in leaves treated with 1.0 mmol/L Z-jasmone increased by 1.33–2.20-fold compared with those of the control.The activities of detoxification enzymes in adults were inhibited to differing degrees:activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)first increased,then decreased;the activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)and carboxylesterase(CarE)following treatment with 1 mmol/L MeJA were significantly reduced and were 22%–31%,11%–26%,and 11%–31%lower than those of the control,respectively.Moreover,the feeding area of adult M.hieroglyphica on the leaves treated with JAs was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The feeding area of economic forest R.rugosa‘Plena'leaves treated with 1 mmol/L MeJA decreased by 17%–43%compared with that of the control.Moreover,the decrease in the adult M.hieroglyphica feeding area was highly positively correlated with the content of tannin and positively correlated with the contents of total phenol of economic forest R.rugosa‘Plena'leaves.The reduced feeding area of adult M.hieroglyphica was highly negatively correlated with the activities of AKP and ACP and negatively correlated with those of the GSTs.In conclusion,the use of 1 mmol/L MeJA can noticeably decrease the deleterious effects of adult M.hieroglyphica. | Junxin Yan Yi Tan Yaru Lv Fei Wang Yongqiang Zhang Defu Chi | 2021 | Journal of Forestry Research2021，32，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of coals in oxyfuel combustion显示文摘 | Chang’an Wang Xiaoming Zhang Yinhe Liu Defu Che | 2012 | Applied Energy2012，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Sol-gel Derived TiO_2-Bioactive glass-Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Coating on Titanium Alloy Substrate显示文摘Coating the hydroxyapatite (HA) on the titanium alloy surface can obtain a bioactive implant with high mechanical properties.However,the bonding force between the titanium alloy and the HA was low due to their different coefficient of thermal expansion (CET).Preparing the multi-layer coating with alleviated thermal stress on titanium alloy substrate is few reported.Fabrication of a TiO2-bioactive glass (BG)-HA bioactive coating was proposed to solve this problem.A particular TiO2 surface was prepared on the titanium alloy substrate by micro-arc oxidation treatment.The BG and HA coating were coated onto the TiO2 surface in turn by using a sol-gel method.The microstructure,surface morphology and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed.The bonding force of coatings was investigated by the nick apparatus.In vitro dissolution was performed by soaking the TiO2-BG-HA coated samples into the simulated body fluid for various periods.Micro-structural observations indicated that no delamination and crack occurred at the interface of HA/BG and BG/TiO2.The bonding between the substrate and coating consists of the mechanical interaction and the chemical bonding.The bonding force could reach about 45 N.The TiO2-BG-HA coating displayed the excellent forming ability of bone-like apatite when it was soaked into the simulated body fluid.This work suggests an innovative way to reduce the internal stress among coatings through varying BG composition to adjust its CTE,so as to enhance the bonding force. | ZHAO Kang LUO Defu TANG Yufei ZHANG Dawei | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2010，23，2： | 1 |
| 20 | A computational study of combustion in compression ignition natural gas engine with separated chamber显示文摘 | Zheng Qingping Zhang Huiming Zhang Defu | 2005 | Fuel2005，84，1213： | 1 |
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