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| 1 | Theory of multivariate compound extreme value distribution and its application to extreme sea state prediction显示文摘In this paper, a new type of distribution, multivariate compound extreme value distribution (MCEVD), is introduced by compounding a discrete distribution with a multivariate continuous distribution of extreme sea events. In its engineering application the number over certain threshold level per year is fitting to Poisson distribution and the corresponding extreme sea events are fitting to Nested Logistic distribution, then the Poisson-Nested logistic trivariate compound extreme value distribution (PNLTCED) is proposed to predict extreme wave heights, periods and wind speeds in Yellow Sea. The new model gives more stable and reasonable predicted results. | LIU Defu WANG Liping PANG Liang | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，23： | 23 |
| 2 | Diel and seasonal variation of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes at Site Guojiaba, the Three Gorges Reservoir显示文摘In order to investigate the CH4and CO2fluxes across the water-gas interface and identify their controlling factors, four diel field campaigns and one monthly sampling campaign during June 2010–May 2011 were carried out at a site near the Three Gorges Dam,China. The averaged CH4and CO2fluxes across the air-water interface from the site were much less than those reported from reservoirs in tropic and temperate regions, and from the natural river channels of the Yangtze River. CH4Fluxes at the site were very low compared to most other reservoirs or natural lakes. One of the most important reasons may be due to the oxidation of CH4in the water column owing to the great water depth and high DO in water in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The averaged monthly CH4and CO2fluxes at the site during the observation year were 0.05 mg/(m2·hr) and 104.43 mg/(m2·hr) respectively with the maximum occurred in July 2010. The monthly CO2fluxes during the observation year were positively correlated to the surface water temperature, and negatively correlated to the air pressure and the surface water pH. The CO2flux showed a positive correlation with DOC to some extent, although not significantly, which indicated that allochthonous organic C was a major source of CO2and biogeochemical processes in this reservoir were C-limited. The significantly positive correlation between the reservoir outflow and the seasonal gas flux indicate the disturbance condition of the water body dominated the seasonal gas emission. | Shangbin Xiao Yuchun Wang Defu Liu Zhengjian Yang Dan Lei Cheng Zhang | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，10： | 20 |
| 3 | Poisson-Gumbel Mixed Compound Distribution and its application显示文摘With the development of offshore engineering, the joint probability study for extreme sea environments has been a subject of increasing interest for both mathematicians and engineers. However, the conventional multivariate probability distribution models do not describe the distribution of the occurrences of extreme sea states induced by typhoon, hurricane or winter storm, and thus fail to reflect the probability characteristics of sea environments in all the aspects. Extreme sea environments are typically to be found in storms like typhoon, and the occurrences of such storms in certain sea areas, varying from year to year, may be fitted to a discrete distribution. By compounding the discrete distribution with a bivariate continuous distribution of two extreme sea environments, a new kind of distribution-Bivariate Compound Extreme Value Distribution (BCEVD) is obtained in this note. This study proposes Poisson-Gum-bel Mixed Compound Distribution, one of the particular forms of BCEVD, and gives an | Defu Liu Shuqin Wen Liping Wang | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，22： | 18 |
| 4 | Disaster prevention design criteria for the estuarine cities:New Orleans and Shanghai The lesson from Hurricane Katrina显示文摘The accurate prediction of the typhoon (hurricane) induced extreme sea environments is very important for the coastal structure design in areas influenced by typhoon (hurricane). In 2005 Hurricane Katrina brought a severe catastrophe in New Orleans by combined effects of hurricane induced extreme sea environments and upper flood of the Mississippi River. Like the New Orleans City, Shanghai is located at the estuarine area of the Changjiang River and the combined effect of typhoon induced extreme sea environments, flood peak runoff from the Changjiang River coupled with the spring tide is the dominate factor for disaster prevention design criteria. The Poisson-nested logistic trivariate compound extreme value distribution (PNLTCEVD) is a new type of joint probability model which is proposed by compounding a discrete distribution (typhoon occurring frequency) into a continuous multivariate joint distribution (typhoon induced extreme events). The new model gives more reasonable predicted results for New Orleans and Shanghai disaster prevention design criteria. | LIU Defu SHI Hongda PANG Liang | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，4： | 16 |
| 5 | An eco-environmental friendly operation: An effective method to mitigate the harmful blooms in the tributary bays of Three Gorges Reservoir显示文摘Harmful algal blooms, which frequently occur in different tributaries, have become a serious water quality problem of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) since its initial filling. A three-year monitoring campaign from 2008 to 2010 was conducted to identify the controlling factors of algal blooms and effective preventive measures. The following results were obtained: 1) Layered and bidirectional currents, called intrusive density currents, dominate the tributary bays of the TGR year round; 2) continuously increasing water level can make the intruding density current shift from the middle to the surface, and surface intrusive water can reduce the surface water temperature and break the stable stratification of the tributary; 3) the appearing or fading away of algal blooms is closely associated with fluctuations in the TGR water level. Thus, the water level fluctuation patterns of different 'tide-types' may prevent the occurrence of algal blooms in the spring and summer, and the 'stair-type' tides may control autumn blooms during the impounding period. These methods were feasible and effective throughout the actual TGR's operation in 2009 2011. These patterns formed an eco-environmentally friendly operation (EEFO) to mitigate algal blooms. As an in situ treatment with easier operation and less negative impact and loss, compared with chemical and filter-feeding fish methods, the EEFO is currently considered as the most feasible remedial measure to remit the eco-environmental problems at the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). | YANG ZhengJian LIU DeFu JI DaoBin XIAO ShangBin HUANG YuLing MA Jun | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，6： | 14 |
| 6 | Impacts of water release operations on algal blooms in a tributary bay of Three Gorges Reservoir显示文摘Water release operation is crucial for water quality in large reservoirs such as Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),because it determines the hydrodynamics and hence the self-purification capability.As algal blooms were often observed in some tributary bays of TGR during the release periods,high frequency field observations were carried out in a typical eutrophic tributary bay(Xiangxi River) from February 9 to May 10,2009.In this paper we assess the hydrodynamic behaviour,density stratification,and trophic status in this bay,respectively using a series of observations for flow,physical,chemical and biological parameters.Then,we analyze the effects of reservoir release operations on algal blooms using correlation analysis method.An empirical prognosis is concluded for the likelihood of algal bloom occurrence as a function of daily fluctuation of water level(DFWL) and water temperature.Our results indicate that during the release period,the algal bloom occurrences are closely tied to the DFWL in that if the ratio of DFWL to total water depth ranges from -10×10-4 to 0,the possibility of algal blooms may reach up to 70%,and if the ratio is less than -10×10-4,then that risk can be significantly reduced to less than 10%.This paper finally suggests that a wave-type water release operation should be beneficial in reducing bloom frequencies in the tributary water bodies,which is helpful for TGR water quality management,especially for the water release operation optimization. | ZHENG TieGang MAO JingQiao DAI HuiChao LIU DeFu | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，6： | 12 |
| 7 | Typhoon disaster zoning and prevention criteria——A double layer nested multi-objective probability model and its application显示文摘For prevention and mitigation of typhoon disasters in China, in this paper a double layer nested multi-objective probability model of typhoon disaster zoning and prevention criteria is proposed. The multivariate compound extreme value distribution (MCEVD) is used to predict the joint probability of seven typhoon characteristics and corresponding typhoon induced disasters. Predicted results can be used for both typhoon disaster zoning and corresponding prevention criteria along China coast. | LIU DeFu PANG Liang XIE BoTao WU YuanKang | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，7： | 10 |
| 8 | Study on the Breakwater Caisson as Oscillating Water Column Facility显示文摘The Oscillating Water Column(OWC) wave energy convertor with the advantage of its simple geometrical construction and excellent stability is widely employed.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used as they can effectively reduce the wave reflection from and wave forces acting on the structures.Considering the similarity between the compartment of perforated caisson and the air chamber of OWC wave energy convertor,a new perforated caisson of breakwater is designed in this paper.The ordinary caisson is modified by installing facilities similar to the air chamber of OWC converter,but here they are utilized to dissipate the wave energy inside the caisson.Such an arrangement improves the stability of the caisson and reduces the construction cost by using the compartment of perforated caisson like using an air chamber.This innovation has both academic significance and important engineering value.For a new type of caisson,reliability analysis of the structure is necessary.Linear potential flow theory is applied to calculate the horizontal wave force acting on the caisson.The calculated results are compared with experimental data,showing the feasibility of the method.The Importance Sampling Procedure(ISP) is used to analyse the reliability of this caisson breakwater. | HUANG Yan SHI Hongda LIU Defu LIU Zhen | 2010 | Journal of Ocean University of China2010，9，3： | 4 |
| 9 | The joint long-term distribution of design environmental factors for offshore structures Multivariate probabilities and simulating method显示文摘With the development of ocean engineering, it is one of the most important factors which determine the structural safety, cost and suitable forms of engineerings to select the ocean environmental design criteria. Owing to the complexity , variation and randomness of ocean environmental conditions, the commonly used methods for determining design criteria cannot consider the joint occurring probabilities of several environmental factors ,therefore, lead to overestimate design criteria of them and result in an unnecessary overspend invest in engineering. On the basis of the measured and hindcasting data and the multi-demension joint probability theory, this paper presented the study of the joint loads of wind , wave and current on the offshore structures and its responsible joint probability level with the application of random simulation techniques, and presented the joint design criteria of environmental loads for the realistic design of engineerings. | Shi Jiangang, Liu Defu and Wang Zheng Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | 1993 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1993，12，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Development of the Array Transient Electromagnetic System and Its Experiments显示文摘Transient electromagnetic (TEM) technique plays a significant role in mineral exploration. To accommodate the complicated survey environments in the west part of China, we developed a portable array TEM equipment (ATEM-1), which was implemented based upon the idea to apply the GPS timing signal for the synchronization among transmitters and receivers. The structure of the system and its performance are discussed and the case study is also described. | Lin Jun Cheng Defu Liu Guoxing Duan Qingming Zhang Linhang Yu Shengbao | 2000 | Global Geology2000，5，1： | 3 |
| 11 | cDNA cloning and expression pattern of two enolase genes from the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi显示文摘在这研究,二 enolase 基因从中国橡树蚕被孤立并且描绘, Antheraea perny,它被指定为 enolase 我和 II 分别地。enolase 我 cDNA 顺序是有编码 433 氨基酸的 1302 bp 的一个开的读物框架(ORF ) 的 1712 bp。enolase II cDNA 顺序是有编码 431 氨基酸的 1296 bp 的 ORF 的 1549 bp。二基因的氨基酸序列分享 enolase 的几个保存特征 / 地点。我显示出的 Antheraea pernyi enolase 93%97% 顺序身份到迄今为止可得到的 lepidopterans 的 enolases,到另外的无脊椎动物的 enolases 的 75%82% 身份,到包括脊椎动物的另外的有机体的 enolases 的 60%72% 身份,植物,和真菌。Antheraea pernyi enolase II 显示出 84% 身份到 Bombyx mori enolase II,而是 60% 身份到 A。pernyi enolase 我。在种系发生的树上, enolase II 从 A 定序。pernyi 和 B。mori 清楚地包括 A 与更高的有机体的 enolase 序列的多数被分开。pernyi 和 B。我定序的 mori enolase。由顺序比较和种系发生的分析,我们从 A 建议那 enolase II。pernyi 和 B。mori 可以是 enolase 总科的一个新成员。Antheraea pernyi enolase 我而 enolase II mRNA 在睾丸和卵巢明确地被表示, mRNA 在所有测试纸巾被发现,建议 enolase II 基因的产品可能与复制有关。抄本许多 A。pernyi enolase 我基因在冷吃惊以后并且显著地是显著地下面调整的在热吃惊以后起来调整,建议那 A。pernyi enolase 我基因可能由温度应力是可诱导的。 | Yanqun Liu Yuping Li Huan Wang Runxi Xia Xisheng Li Haolei Wan Li Qin Defu Jiang Cheng Lu Zhonghuai Xiang | 2010 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2010，42，11： | 2 |
| 12 | Musk secretion in muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.):association with lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related pathways显示文摘Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was used to analyze the main components of musk.The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55%of the musk is composed of fatty acids.The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol(9.31%)and other organics.Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways,which include fatty acid biosynthesis,elongation,and metabolism;steroid biosynthesis;steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes.Overall,our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production,and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season. | TIANXIANG ZHANG MEISHAN ZHANG MINGHUI SHI WEIJIANG JIN SHUMIAO ZHANG MENGYUAN FAN YIMENG LI YUPING MENG XUELIN TIAN SHUQIANG LIU DEFU HU | 2021 | BIOCELL2021，45，2： | 2 |
| 13 | A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates显示文摘 | DeFu Liu YongJun Tang W.L. Cong | 2011 | Composite Structures2011，，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Uncertainty and joint probability of sea ice loads显示文摘Uncertaintyandjointprobabilityofseaiceloads￥LiuDefu;YangYongchun;WangChaoandLiTongkui(OceanUniversityofQingdao,Qingdao266003,... | Liu Defu Yang Yongchun Wang Chao and Li Tongkui(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China)(Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)(China Offshore Oil Design Engineering Corporation,Tianjin 300450, China) | 1995 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1995，14，3： | 2 |
| 15 | Application of Monte-Carlo statistical experiments in design of ocean engineering - Estimating the parameters, models and probabilities显示文摘Recently, some results have been acquired with the Monte- Carlo statistical experiments in the design of ocean en gineering. The results show that Monte-Carlo statistical experiments can be widely used in estimating the parameters of wave statistical distributions, checking the probability model of the long- term wave extreme value distribution under a typhoon condition and calculating the failure probability of the ocean platforms. | Liu Defu, Shi Jiangang and Zhou Zhigang Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture, Tianjin University. Tianjin, China Business & Project Division China Offshore Industrial Corporation (COIC).No. 10 Beixiaojie,Yuetan,BeijingsChina | 1990 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1990，9，4： | 2 |
| 16 | On the powers sequence of a fuzzy matrix-a detailed study on the power sequence of matrices of commonly used types显示文摘 | Zhoutian Fan Defu Liu | 1998 | Fuzzy Sets and Systems1998，，99： | 1 |
| 17 | A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates显示文摘 | DeFu Liu YongJun Tang W.L. Cong | 2011 | Composite Structures2011，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | On two definitions of the factor of safety commonly used in the finite element slope stability analysis 显示文摘 | Zheng Hong Tham L G Liu Defu | 2006 | Computers and Geotechnics2006，33，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Catalytic reduction of SO2 during combustion of typical Chinese coals显示文摘 | Liu Yanhua Che Defu Xu Tongmo | 2002 | Fuel Processing Technology2002，79，2： | 1 |
| 20 | A simulated an- nealing with a new neighborhood structure based algorithm for high school timetabling problems 显示文摘 | Zhang Defu Liu Yongkai Hallah R M | 2010 | European J of Operational Research2010，203，3： | 1 |
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