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| 1 | The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs显示文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6×6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease(P=0.10) as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased(P<0.01) when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased(P<0.01). The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased(P<0.01) as the total dietary fiber increased. | Wenjuan Zhang Defa Li Ling Liu Jianjun Zang Qiwu Duan Wenjun Yang Liying Zhang | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，4： | 9 |
| 2 | Net energy of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs显示文摘Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance.Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows(initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet,a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM(9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM(1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs(initial BW = 36.0± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications(pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM.Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn(78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal(70%) and rapeseed meal(76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for al diets.Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets. | Zhongchao Li Yakui Li Zhiqian Lv Hu Liu Jinbiao Zhao Jean Noblet Fenglai Wang Changhua Lai Defa Li | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 7 |
| 3 | Metal nanoparticles induced photocatalysis显示文摘Photocatalysis induced by light absorption of metal nanoparticles(NPs) has emerged as a promising strategy for exploiting efficient visible-light-responsive composites for solar-energy conversion. In this review, we first introduce the light absorption of metal NPs and the mechanisms proposed in metal-induced photocatalysis(MIP). Then, its applications in water splitting, artificial photosynthesis and inert molecular activation are summarized. To address the challenge of low efficiency in this field, strategies in promoting catalytic activity are reviewed, and particular attention is paid to the particle-size effect of metal. Finally, the challenges and possible development directions of MIP are briefly discussed. | Lequan Liu Xinnan Zhang Lufeng Yang Liteng Ren Defa Wang Jinhua Ye | 2017 | National Science Review2017，4，5： | 7 |
| 4 | Methodologies on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and determining the net energy contents of feed ingredients in swine:a review of recent work显示文摘In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on the determination of the digestible(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) contents of feed ingredients fed to swine. Compared with the DE and ME systems, the net energy(NE) system is assumed to be the most accurate estimate of the energy actually available to the animal. However, published data pertaining to the measured NE content of ingredients fed to growing pigs are limited. Therefore, the Feed Data Group at the Ministry of Agricultural Feed Industry Centre(MAFIC) located at China Agricultural University has evaluated the NE content of many ingredients using indirect calorimetry. The present review summarizes the NE research works conducted at MAFIC and compares these results with those from other research groups on methodological aspect. These research projects mainly focus on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and its impact on the determination, prediction, and validation of the NE content of several ingredients fed to swine. The estimation of maintenance energy is affected by methodology, growth stage,and previous feeding level. The fasting heat production method and the curvilinear regression method were used in MAFIC to estimate the NE requirement for maintenance. The NE contents of different feedstuffs were determined using indirect calorimetry through standard experimental procedure in MAFIC. Previously generated NE equations can also be used to predict NE in situations where calorimeters are not available. Although popular, the caloric efficiency is not a generally accepted method to validate the energy content of individual feedstuffs. In the future,more accurate and dynamic NE prediction equations aiming at specific ingredients should be established, and more practical validation approaches need to be developed. | Zhongchao Li Hu Liu akui Li Zhiqian Lv Ling Liu Changhua Lai Junjun Wang Fenglai Wang Defa Li Shuai Zhang | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 6 |
| 5 | Effect of variety and drying method on the nutritive value of corn for growing pigs显示文摘Background:This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety(LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4)grown in one location,drying method(sun dried and artificially dried)and different drying temperatures.Corn harvested at 20-25%moisture was dried to about 12%moisture by sun drying and artificially drying at 80,100,or 120℃ in a fluidized bed dryer.Ninety-six barrows(average BW of 33.4 ± 2.7 kg)were housed in individual metabolism crates to facilitate separate collection of feces and urine.A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period.Results:The results indicated that variety significantly influenced(P<0.01)the 1,000 kernel weight of corn but not the bulk weight.Variety also influenced the available energy content(digestible energy of dry matter,P<0.01;metabolisable energy of dry matter,P<0.01)and digestibility of organic matter(P<0.01),as well as dry matter(P<0.01)and gross energy(GE)content(P<0.02).The drying method of corn significantly influenced the 1,000 kernel weight(P<0.01),bulk weight(P<0.01)and digestibility of ether extract(EE)(P<0.01).No effect of drying temperature on the digestibility of organic matter,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and gross energy was observed,but gelatinization(P<0.05)and test weight(P<0.01)decreased with an increase in temperature.Conclusions:Variety has a significant impact on the nutritive value of corn for growing pigs,and greater attention needs to be paid to these influences in the assignment of the nutritive value of corn given to growing pigs. | Quanfeng Li Meng Shi Chuanxin Shi Dewen Liu Xiangshu Piao Defa Li Changhua Lai | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Lipids and membrane-associated proteins in autophagy显示文摘Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to various diseases.Autophagy is a membrane driven process and tightly regulated by membrane-associated proteins.Here,we summarized membrane lipid composition,and membrane-associated proteins relevant to autophagy from a spatiotemporal perspective.In particular,we focused on three important membrane remodeling processes in autophagy,lipid transfer for phagophore elongation,membrane scission for phago-phore closure,and autophagosome-lysosome membrane fusion.We discussed the significance of the discoveries in this field and possible avenues to follow for future studies.Finally,we summarized the membrane-associated biochemical techniques and assays used to study membrane properties,with a discussion of their applications in autophagy. | Linsen Li Mindan Tong Yuhui Fu Fang Chen Shen Zhang Hanmo Chen Xi Ma Defa Li Xiaoxia Liu Qing Zhong | 2021 | Protein & Cell2021，12，7： | 3 |
| 7 | Predicting corn digestible and metabolizable energy content from its chemical composition in growing pigs显示文摘Background:The nutrient composition of corn is variable.To prevent unforeseen reductions in growth performance,grading and analytical methods are used to minimize nutrient variability between calculated and analyzed values.This experiment was carried out to define the sources of variation in the energy content of com and to develop a practical method to accurately estimate the digestible energy(DE) and metabolisable energy(ME)content of individual com samples for growing pigs.Twenty samples were taken from each of five provinces in China(Jilin,Hebei,Shandong,Liaoning,and Henan) to obtain a range of quality.Results:The DE and ME contents of the 100 corn samples were measured in 35.3 ± 1.92 kg growing pigs(six pigs per corn sample).Sixty corn samples were used to build the prediction model;the remaining forty samples were used to test the suitability of these models.The chemical composition of each corn sample was determined,and the results were used to establish prediction equations for DE or ME content from chemical characteristics.The mean DE and ME content of the 100 samples were 4,053 and 3,923 kcal/kg(dry matter basis),respectively.The physical characteristics were determined,as well,and the results indicated that the bulk weight and 1,000-kernel weight were not associated with energy content.The DE and ME values could be accurately predicted from chemical characteristics.The best fit equations were as follows:DE,kcal/kg of DM = 1062.68 +(49.72 x EE) +(0.54 x GE) +(9.11 x starch),with R^2 = 0.62,residual standard deviation(RSD) = 48 kcal/kg,and P< 0.01;ME,kcal/kg of dry matter basis(DM) = 671.54 +(0.89 x DE)-(5.57 x NDF)-(191.39 x ash),with R2 = 0.87,RSD = 18 kcal/kg,and P<0,01.Conclusion:This experiment confirms the large variation in the energy content of corn,describes the factors that influence this variation,and presents equations based on chemical measurements that may be used to predict the DE and ME content of individual corn samples. | Quanfeng Li Jianjun Zang Dewen Liu Xiangshu Piao Chanqhua Lai Defa Li | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Seawater hydraulics:From the sea surface to depths of 11000 meters显示文摘Using seawater as the working medium,the seawater hydraulic system has significant advantages in the deep sea,such as eliminating contamination caused by oil leaks,no oil tanks,and the ability to automatically adapt to sea depths.As working depths increase,seawater hydraulic technology faces enormous challenges.First,the physical and chemical properties of seawater,such as density,temperature,and composition,change significantly.Second,hydraulic components are subject to an environmental pressure of up to 110 MPa,which causes serious deformation or even seizure of moving pairs and significantly affects the efficiency of hydraulic components.The friction and wear characteristics between the moving pairs also significantly change with the change in sea depth,therefore developing the matching material according to depth is necessary.Finally,the cavitation characteristic of a valve port is obviously different from that on land,so special material and structure should be used to improve the service life of the valve port.These factors severely restrict the improvement of the working depths and characteristics of seawater hydraulic components.This article focuses on the abovementioned problems and provides solutions for deep-sea seawater hydraulic technology. | LIU YinShui CHENG Qian WANG ZhenYao PANG Hao DENG YiPan ZHOU XinPing LUO XiaoHui CUI Yan WU DeFa | 2022 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2022，65，9： | 2 |
| 9 | Improvement of shape memory effect by ausforming in Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr alloy显示文摘 | Wang Defa Liu Daozhi Dong Zhizhong | 2001 | Materials Science and Enginsering2001，315，： | 1 |
| 10 | Friction and wear characteristics of WC–10Co–4Cr/Si 3 N 4 tribopair lubricated under silt-laden water显示文摘 | Defa Wu Yinshui Liu Shudong Yang Zheng Yang Hui Tang | 2012 | Wear2012，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Study on the control methods of a water hydraulic variable ballast system for submersible vehicles显示文摘 | Liu Yinshui Zh-ao Xufeng Wu Defa | 2015 | Ocean Engineering2015，108，： | 1 |
| 12 | Porous-structured Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanojunction material toward efficient CO<SUB>2</SUB> photoreduction显示文摘 | Hua Xu Shuxin Ouyang Lequan Liu Defa Wang Tetsuya Kako Jinhua Ye | 2014 | Nanotechnology2014，，16： | 1 |
| 13 | In situ carrier tuning in high temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+δ)by potassium deposition显示文摘We report a successful tuning of the hole doping level over a wide range in high temperature superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)(Bi2212) through successive in situ potassium(K) deposition. By taking high resolution angleresolved photoemission measurements on the Fermi surface and band structure of an overdoped Bi2212(T_c= 76 K) at different stages of K deposition, we found that the area of the hole-like Fermi surface around the Brillouin zone corner(p,p) shrinks with increasing K deposition. This indicates a continuous hole concentration change from initial 0.26 to eventual 0.09 after extensive K deposition, a net doping level change of 0.17 that makes it possible to bring Bi2212 from being originally overdoped, to optimally-doped, and eventually becoming heavily underdoped. The electronic behaviors with K deposition are consistent with those of Bi2212 samples with different hole doping levels. These results demonstrate that K deposition is an effective way of in situ controlling the hole concentration in Bi2212. This work opens a good way of studying the doping evolution of electronic structure and establishing the electronic phase diagram in Bi2212 that can be extended to other cuprate superconductors. | Yuxiao Zhang Cheng Hu Yong Hu Lin Zhao Ying Ding Xuan Sun Aiji Liang Yan Zhang Shaolong He Defa Liu Li Yu Guodong Liu Xiaoli Dong Genda Gu Chuangtian Chen Zuyan Xu Xingjiang Zhou | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，13： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of fish oil on lymphocyte proliferation cytokine production and in- tracellular signaling in weanling pigs显示文摘 | LIU Yulan GONG Limin LI Defa | 2003 | Arch Amim Nutr2003，57，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Research on the port valve of a water hydraulic axial pump显示文摘 | Liu Yinshui Wu Defa Long Lei | 2009 | Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering2009，223，3： | 1 |
| 16 | FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF THE J_2-INTEGRAL IN BIMATERIAL SOLIDS显示文摘The J2-integral induced from the interface of bimaterial solids (J2^interface) is studied by numerical method. First, the effect on the J2-integral induced from the interface is very significant in bimaterial solids, which is inherently related to that induced from the subinterface cracks. Moreover, it can be concluded that either the first or the second component of the Jk-vector is always equal to zero when the contour encloses both the cracks and the whole interface in bimaterial solids. Secondly, it can also be concluded that the interface does produce significanteffect on the J2-integral induced from the subinterface cracks (J2^sub) in bimaterial solids. This effect depends on the geometry of the crack arrangement, which is corresponding to the different interaction effect among the cracks and the interface. Moreover, the interface effect on the J2^sub can be neglected when the distance from the crack center to the interface is large enough, which reveals that the bimaterial solids can be regarded as homogenous solids in fracture analysis when the subinterface crack is far enough from the interface. Three examples are given in this paper. | Wang Defa Chen Yiheng Liu Caisheng (Department of Engineering Mechanics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China) | 2003 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2003，16，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Endogenous chitinase might lead to differences in growth performance and intestinal health of piglets fed different levels of black soldier fly larva meal显示文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of black soldier fly(BSF)replacing soybean meal(SBM)in diets on the performance and health condition of piglets.A total of 180 weaned piglets were allocated into 5 treatments:BSF0(corn-soybean meal basal diet),BSF25(BSF replacing 25%SBM),BSF50(BSF replacing 50%SBM),BSF75(BSF replacing 75%SBM)and BSF100(BSF replacing 100%SBM).During the whole period,in comparison with BSF0,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake increased in the BSF25 and BSF50 groups,whereas ADG decreased in the BSF75 and BSF100groups(P<0.05).The result of quadratic fitting curve showed that piglets exhibited the highest ADG when BSF replaced around 20%SBM.Compared with BSF0,organic matter and dry matter digestibility improved in the BSF25 group,whereas ether extract digestibility decreased in the BSF100 group(P<0.05).In comparison with BSF0,piglets from the BSF25 group showed a higher duodenal ratio of villus height to crypt depth,increased jejunal sucrase activity,serum neuropeptide Y and ghrelin levels,elevated ileal immunoglobulin(Ig)A,Ig G and Ig M contents and a lower leptin level,and piglets from the BSF100 group exhibited an increased relative weight of kidney(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in the expression level of tight junction proteins and chitin-degrading enzyme.Additionally,compared with BSF0,the abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae,Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus increased,and potential pathogenic bacteria decreased in piglets from the BSF25 group,whereas piglets from the BSF100 group had a greater abundance of harmful bacteria.In conclusion,BSF replacing 25%SBM in diets could improve digestive parameters,immune function and intestinal microbiota,and thus improved growth performance of piglets.However,BSF replacing 100%SBM showed an adverse effect on piglet performance,and the reason might be related to the limited amount of chitin-degrading enzyme. | Sujie Liu Jian Wang Longxian Li Yonggai Duan Xiaolin Zhang Tenghao Wang Jianjun Zang Xiangshu Piao Yongxi Ma Defa Li | 2023 | Animal Nutrition2023，，3： | 0 |
| 18 | Knowledge mapping analysis of the track and hotspot of water lubrication:A scientometrics review显示文摘With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness of the international community and the continuous promotion of green and sustainable development of manufacturing industry,water lubrication instead of mineral oil has become the future development trend due to its green,pollution-free,clean,safe,and sustainable advantages especially in ships,marine,coal mining,and other fields.In recent years,with the rapid development of water lubrication research,significant progress has been made in related research knowledge domain and discipline.A systematic and extensive assessment of water lubrication research has become increasingly important.The objective of this research is to reveal the research status,research hotspots,and development trends in the field of water lubrication.Therefore,CiteSpace was used to conduct a systematic bibliometric and scientometrical analysis of 1,792 publications from Web of Science core collection database(1997–2021).The results show that China and USA are the most productive countries in the field of water lubrication and have made outstanding contributions.Through the analysis of hot key words and co-citation references,this paper reviews the research status of water lubrication in three aspects:(1)lubricating medium modification;(2)material preparation;(3)surface optimization.It has become a research hotspot to promote the superlubricity contact interface and the application of nanotechnology.The results of this study can make a significant contribution to the development of water lubrication by providing a comprehensive understanding of the research status and research hotspots in this field.Personal understanding and discussion of research hotspots and research status are expected to provide insights into future research trends.In addition,this study will provide valuable references and guidelines for researchers who are interested in this field. | Runzhou XU Defa WU Zhenyao WANG Yipan DENG Qian CHENG Hao PANG Wenshu WEI Yinshui LIU | 2023 | Friction2023，11，9： | 0 |
| 19 | Preparation of Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified by Alkaline Starch and Lignin Fiber显示文摘This study presents an easily prepared film based on alkaline starch-polyvinyl alcohol hybrid and lignin fiber as an additive(SPL film).The SPL film was prepared under acidic conditions through a polycondensation reaction of PVA and a mixture incorporating alkaline starch and lignin fiber from agriculture or forest source.The examination using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that the surface of SPL film was smooth and the lignin fiber had good compatibility within the film hybrid.Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(ESI-MS)and fourier transform infrared(FTIR)investigations indicated that alkaline starch and lignin fiber reacted with PVA under acidic conditions and that–CH_(2)–O–groups were involved in the cross-linking of the SPL system.In addition,the SPL film exhibited only 4%light transmittance,which effectively reduces the ultraviolet and visible light(UV-Vis)penetration,along with good performance when exposed to thermal degradation,in which the mass loss reached around 60%at 400℃.More-over,the SPL film acquired excellent tensile strength,which is much higher than that of PVA-lignin(PL)composite film. | Yunxia Zhou Hisham Essawy Ai Liu Chenyu Yang Defa Hou Xiaojian Zhou Guanben Du Jun Zhang | 2023 | Journal of Renewable Materials2023，11，2： | 0 |
| 20 | Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible显示文摘Balance valve is a core component of the 11000-meter manned submersible“struggle,”and its sealing performance is crucial and challenging when the maximum pressure difference is 118 MPa.The increasing sealing force improves the sealing performance and increases the system’s energy consumption at the same time.A hybrid analytical–numerical–experimental(ANE)model is proposed to obtain the minimum sealing force,ensuring no leakage at the valve port and reducing energy consumption as much as possible.The effects of roundness error,environmental pressure,and materials on the minimum sealing force are considered in the ANE model.The basic form of minimum sealing force equations is established,and the remaining unknown coefficients of the equations are obtained by the finite element method(FEM).The accuracy of the equation is evaluated by comparing the independent FEM data to the equation data.Results of the comparison show good agreement,and the difference between the independent FEM data and equation data is within 3%when the environmental pressure is 0–118 MPa.Finally,the minimum sealing force equation is applied in a balance valve to be experimented using a deep-sea simulation device.The balance valve designed through the minimum sealing force equation is leak-free in the experiment.Thus,the minimum sealing force equation is suitable for the ultrahigh pressure balance valve and has guiding significance for evaluating the sealing performance of ultrahigh pressure balance valves. | Zhenyao WANG Yinshui LIU Qian CHENG Runzhou XU Yunxiang MA Defa WU | 2023 | Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering2023，18，1： | 0 |
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