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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅰ.导论--GRADE证据概要表和结果总结表显示文摘本文是GRADE(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)系列文章的导论。该系列文章为使用GRADE系统提供指导,介绍如何将该系统用于系统评价、卫生技术评估(HTAs)及临床实践指南中备选方案的证据质量评价和推荐强度评级。GRADE方法始于提出一个明晰的问题,包括对所有重要结果的详细说明。证据被收集和汇总后,GRADE提供了明确的标准来评价其质量,包括研究设计、偏倚风险、不精确性、不一致性、间接性及效应量大小。根据支撑证据质量及备选方案带来的预期和非预期结果间的平衡情况,推荐强度以强/弱(或表述为'有条件的'/'任意的')作为特征。GRADE建议用简洁、透明、信息量丰富的结果总结表来汇总证据(以显示证据质量及每一重要结果的相对效应量和绝对效应量),和(或)以证据概要表形式额外提供证据质量评价理由的详细信息。本系列的后续文章涉及如何采用GRADE方法明确构建问题、评价证据质量及形成推荐意见。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Elie Akl Regina Kunz Gunn Vist Jan Brozek Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter Paul Glasziou Hans deBeer Roman Jaeschke David Rind Joerg Meerpohl Philipp Dahm Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 蒋兰慧 沈建通 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 205 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅶ.证据质量评价--不一致性显示文摘本文针对二分类变量结局指标相对(而非绝对)治疗效果的不一致性。证据本身不会因不同研究结果具有一致性而升级,但可能因不一致而降低质量级别。衡量一致性的标准包括点估计值的相似性、可信区间的重叠程度以及统计学判定标准包括异质性检验和I2。系统评价作者应提出并检验少数几个与患者、干预措施、结局指标以及方法学相关的先验假设以探寻异质性来源。当不一致性很大且无法解释时,因不一致性而降低质量级别是恰当的,特别当某些研究显示有显著益处而其他显示无益甚至有害时(而非仅是疗效大与疗效小的比较)。明显的亚组效应可能不可靠。如果亚组效应满足以下条件,其可信度将会增加:基于少数几个有具体方向的先验假设、亚组比较来自研究内而非研究间、交互检验的P值小、结果有生物学意义。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Elie A.Akl Susan Norris Gunn Vist Philipp Dahm Vijay K.Shukla Julian Higgins Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE小组 李幼平 杨晓妍 王莉 蔡羽嘉 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 33 |
| 3 | GRADE指南:Ⅸ.证据质量升级显示文摘证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Shahnaz Sultan Paul Glasziou Elie A.Akl Pablo Alonso-Coello David Atkins Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Victor Montori Roman Jaeschke David Rind Philipp Dahm Joerg Meerpohl Gunn Vist Elise Berliner Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter M.Hassan Murad Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李玲 王应强 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 22 |
| 4 | Phylogenetic positions of some genera and species of the family Buccinidae (Gastropoda: Mollusca) from China based on ribosomal RNA and COI sequences显示文摘A phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Buccinidae was conducted using 18S rRNA gene, 28S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ gene. We studied 18 species of Buccinidae that belong to eight different genera and inhabit the China coastal seas. We analyzed the patterns of divergence between an outgroup and basal ingroup taxa, the monophyly of the genus Neptunea, and the position of one unnamed species within the Buccinidae. A phylogenetic tree (neighbor-joining (NJ) method) was reconstructed based on the sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI, with Rapana venosa as outgroup. The NJ tree indicated that the 18 species could be divided into five groups. The genus Buccinum was monophyletic, whereas Neptunea was shown to be paraphyletic since it included Siphonalia subdilatata and Neptunea sp., a new species. This novel species otherwise clustered consistently with Neptunea cumingi in three other phylogenetic trees, showing a low genetic distance and divergence percentage of sequences belonging to the genus Neptunea. A smaller genetic distance and a smaller difference of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COI sequences between Neptunea cumingii and Neptunea arthritica cumingii confirmed them to be the same species. | HOU Lin DAHMS Hans-Uwe DONG ChangYong CHEN YiFei HOU HaoChen YANG WanXi ZOU XiangYang | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，19： | 3 |
| 5 | 心理治疗效果评定量表(简式)在中、德应用的心理测量学研究(英文)显示文摘419名中国和德国被试参加了本研究,并回答了若干简式心理健康量表。所选的这套量表能对心理治疗不同阶段的效果(Howard’s阶段模型:重新认识期-转变期-康复期)进行测查。本研究目的在于考察这些简式量表能否用于认知-行为治疗跨文化培训项目中的质量管理。结果显示,这些量表在中德两种文化背景下都有很高的信度和效度(聚合效度和敏感性)。尽管项目间的高相关似乎提示心理健康模型只有一个维度,但探索性因素和理论分析则更支持心理健康是一个分为8个亚维度的模型,其中每个亚维度或者与基础情绪、或者与社会性情感相连关联。本文最后就研究结果及其对心理治疗质量控制的意义进行了详细讨论。 | Gerhard Zarbock 王希林 Marko Drews Bernhard Dahme Wolfgang Lutz | 2007 | 心理学报2007，39，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Intensity of oral anticoagulation after implantation of St-Jude medical mitral or multitude valve replacement:lessons leared from GELIA(GELIA5) 显示文摘 | Pruefer D Dahm M Dohmen G | 2001 | Eur Heart J2001，，： | 2 |
| 7 | The effect of quorum-sensing blockers on the formation of marine microbial communities and larval attachment显示文摘 | Dobretsov S Dahms HU Huang YL Wahl M Qian PY | 2007 | 中国生物学文摘2007，21，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Gap junctions containing alpha8-connexin (MP70) in the adult mammalian lens epithelium suggests a re-evaluation of its role in the lens显示文摘 | Dahm R van Marie J Prescott AR | 1999 | Exp Eye Res1999，69，： | 1 |
| 9 | Composition and biomechanical properties of the bladder aceilular matrix graft: comparative analysis in rat,pig and human 显示文摘 | Dahms SE Piechota HJ Dahiya R | 1998 | Br J Urol1998，82，： | 1 |
| 10 | Immunogenicity of glutaradehyde-tanned bovine pericardium显示文摘 | Dahm M Lyman WD Schwell AB | 1990 | J Thorac Cardivasc Surg1990，90，3： | 1 |
| 11 | COD and nitrogen removal by biofilms growing on gas permeable membranes 显示文摘 | Semmens M J Dahm K Shanahan J | 2003 | Water Res2003，37，18： | 1 |
| 12 | Reversal of Tumor Mediated Immunor suppression 显示文摘 | Vieweg J Su Z Dahm P | 2007 | Clin Cancer Res2007，13，： | 1 |
| 13 | Neurophysio- logical approaches to chronic pain following spinal cord injury显示文摘 | Donovan W Dimitrijevic M Dahm L | 1982 | Paraplegia1982，20，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Disease specific surviv-al as endpoint of outcome for bladder cancer patients followingradical cystectomy显示文摘 | GSCHWEND JE DAHM P FAIR WR | 2002 | Eur Urol2002，41，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Biochemistry显示文摘 | Dahm S Uhlenbeck OC | 1991 | 30:9464 ~94691991，30，： | 1 |
| 16 | Patterns and diagnostic value of cardiac troponin I vs troponin T and CK-MB after OPCAB surgery显示文摘 | Peivandi AA Dahm M Hake U | 2003 | Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2003，49，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Antibacterial and anti-dia- tom activity of Hong Kong sponges 显示文摘 | Dobretsov S Dahms HU Qian PY | 2005 | Aquatic microbial ecolo- gy2005，38，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Marine biofilms as mediators of colonization by marine macroorganisms: implications for antifouling and aquaculture显示文摘 | Qian PY Lau SCK Dahms HU | 2007 | Marine Biotechnology2007，，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Expression profiles of seven glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in cadmium-ex- posed river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus)显示文摘 | KIM J H DAHMS H U RHEE J S | 2010 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology2010，151，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Ischemia/reperfusion: a clinically relevant model of intestinal injury yielding systemic inflammation显示文摘 | Anthony Stallion Tzuyung D. Kou Samir Q. Latifi Kelly A. Miller Beverly B. Dahms David L. Dudgeon Alan D. Levine | 2005 | Journal of Pediatric Surgery2005，，3： | 1 |
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