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| 1 | Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis显示文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive fibrotic destruction of the pancreatic secretory parenchyma.Despite the heterogeneity in pathogenesis and involved risk factors,processes such as necrosis/apoptosis,inflammation or duct obstruction are involved.This fibrosing process ultimately leads to progressive loss of the lobular morphology and structure of the pancreas,deformation of the large ducts and severe changes in the arrangement and composition of the islets.These conditions lead to irreversible morphological and structural changes resulting in impairment of both exocrine and endocrine functions.The prevalence of the disease is largely dependent on culture and geography.The etiological risk-factors associated with CP are multiple and involve both genetic and environmental factors.Throughout this review the M-ANNHEIM classification system will be used,comprising a detailed description of risk factors such as:alcohol-consumption,nicotineconsumption,nutritional factors,hereditary factors,efferent duct factors,immunological factors and miscellaneous and rare metabolic factors.Increased knowledge of the different etiological factors may encourage the use of further advanced diagnostic tools,which potentially will help clinicians to diagnose CP at an earlier stage.However,in view of the multi factorial disease and the complex clinical picture,it is not surprising that treatment of patients with CP is challenging and often unsuccessful. | Christina Brock Lecia Mφller Nielsen Dina Lelic Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 11 |
| 2 | Systematic mechanism-orientated approach to chronic pancreatitis pain显示文摘Pain in chronic pancreatitis(CP) shows similarities with other visceral pain syndromes(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease and esophagitis),which should thus be managed in a similar fashion.Typical causes of CP pain include increased intrapancreatic pressure,pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic/extrapancreatic complications.Unfortunately,CP pain continues to be a major clinical challenge.It is recognized that ongoing pain may induce altered central pain processing,e.g.,central sensitization or pro-nociceptive pain modulation.When this is present conventional pain treatment targeting the nociceptive focus,e.g.,opioid analgesia or surgical/endoscopic intervention,often fails even if technically successful.If central nervous system pain processing is altered,specific treatment targeting these changes should be instituted(e.g.,gabapentinoids,ketamine or tricyclic antidepressants).Suitable tools are now available to make altered central processing visible,including quantitative sensory testing,electroencephalograpy and(functional) magnetic resonance imaging.These techniques are potentially clinically useful diagnostic tools to analyze central pain processing and thus define optimum management approaches for pain in CP and other visceral pain syndromes.The present review proposes a systematic mechanism-orientated approach to pain management in CP based on a holistic view of the mechanisms involved.Future research should address the circumstances under which central nervous system pain processing changes in CP,and how this is influenced by ongoing nociceptive input and therapies.Thus we hope to predict which patients are at risk for developing chronic pain or not responding to therapy,leading to improved treatment of chronic pain in CP and other visceral pain disorders. | Stefan AW Bouwense Marjan de Vries Luuk TW Schreuder Soren S Olesen Jens B Frokjær Asbjorn M Drewes Harry van Goor Oliver HG Wilder-Smith | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
| 4 | Is the pain in chronic pancreatitis of neuropathic origin? Support from EEG studies during experimental pain显示文摘AIM: To prove the hypothesis that patients with chronic pancreatitis would show increased theta activity during painful visceral stimulation. METHODS: Eight patients and 12 healthy controls underwent an experiment where the esophagus was electrically stimulated at the pain threshold using a nasal endoscope. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 64 surface electrodes and 'topographic matching pursuit' was used to extract the EEG information in the early brain activation after stimulation. RESULTS: A major difference between controls and patients were seen in delta and theta bands, whereas there were only minor differences in other frequency bands. In the theta band, the patients showed higher activity than controls persisting throughout the 450 ms of analysis with synchronous brain activation betweenthe channels. The main theta components oscillated with 4.4 Hz in the patients and 5.5 Hz in the controls. The energy in the delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) band was higher in the controls, whereas the patients only showed scattered activity in this band. CONCLUSION: The differences in the theta band indicate that neuropathic pain mechanisms are involved in chronic pancreatitis. This has important implications for the understanding and treatment of pain in these patients, which should be directed against drugs with effects on neuropathic pain disorders. | AsbjФrn M Drewes Maciej Gratkowski Saber AK Sami Georg Dimcevski Peter Funch-Jensen Lars Arendt-Nielsen | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，25： | 4 |
| 5 | Functional oesophago-gastric junction imaging显示文摘尽管有它在疾病的角色,仍然没有权威的方法估计 oesophago 胃的连接胜任(OGJ ) 。传统地, OGJ 作为指示物与更低的食道的括约肌压力用测压法被估计了。更最近,这被显示了不对倒流是括约肌功能和胜任的一个很可靠的标记。混乱象胃食道的倒流疾病那样并且到更小的 extend 弛缓不能仍然完成病人的一个重要数字。这评论看使用作为阻抗测面积池知道在一只袋子的扩张期间在 OGJ 介绍几何学和压力的一种新技术。收集的数据能被重建进 OGJ 行动的一个动态代表。这被显示了提供 OGJ 的一个有用代表并且由于 endoluminal 治疗以依从和膨胀性显示出变化到 OGJ 的胜任。 | Barry P McMahon Asbjφrn M Drewes Hans Gregersen | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，18： | 3 |
| 6 | Oxycodone: a review of its use in the management of pain显示文摘 | Julia Riley Elon Eisenberg Gerhard Müller-Schwefe Asbj?rn M. Drewes Lars Arendt-Nielsen | 2007 | Current Medical Research and Opinion?2007，，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity显示文摘 | Suzanne L Topalian Charles G Drake Drew M Pardoll | 2011 | Current Opinion in Immunology2011，，2： | 2 |
| 8 | The interaction of reaction-bonded silicon carbide and Inconel 600 with a nickel-based brazing alloy显示文摘 | Mcdermid J R Pugh M D Drew R A L | 1989 | Metallurgical Transactions A1989，20，： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of the effects of a localised supply ofphosphate,nitrate,ammonium and potassium on the growthof the seminal root system,and the shoot,in barley显示文摘 | Drew M C | 1975 | NewPhytol1975，75，3： | 1 |
| 10 | FA polydisperse model for bubbly two-phase flow around a surface ship显示文摘 | Carrica P M Drew D Bonetto F | 1999 | International Journal of Multiphase Flow1999，25，： | 1 |
| 11 | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2)binds to the catalytic domain of the cell surface receptor,membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase 1(MT-MMP) 显示文摘 | Zucker S Drews M Conner C | 1998 | J Biol Chem1998，273，： | 1 |
| 12 | Assessment of a rapid method,using soil cores, for estimating the amount and distribution of crop roots in the field 显示文摘 | Drew M C Saker L R | 1980 | Plant and Soil1980，55，： | 1 |
| 13 | An in vitro method, based on chewing, to Predict resistant starch content in foods allows parallel determination of potentially available starch and dietary fiber 显示文摘 | Akerberg A K E Liljeberg H G M Granfeldt Y E Drews A W Bjorck I M E | 1998 | Journal of Nutrition1998，128，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Multiple paternity in a natural population of a wild tobacco fly, Bactrocera cacuminata (Diptera: Tephritidae), assessed by microsatellite DNA markers 显示文摘 | Song S D Drew R A Hughes J M | 2007 | Molecular Ecology2007，16，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Entropy minimization for shadow removal 显示文摘 | FINLAYSON G D DREW M S LU C | 2009 | International Journal of Computer Vision2009，85，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Facilitation of oviposition behaviour of Bactrocera tryoini flies显示文摘 | PROKOPY R J REMING M C DREW R A I | 1999 | Journal of Insect Behavior1999，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | Stomatal and normtonmatal components to inhibition of photosynthesis in leaves of Captcum annuum during progressive exposure to NaCl salinity显示文摘 | Bethke PC Drew M C | 1992 | Plant Physiol1992，99，： | 1 |
| 18 | Absence of profound hyperin-sulinism in polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with subtle elevations in the plasminogena ctivatorin hibitor system显示文摘 | Sills ES Drews CD Perloe M | 2003 | Gynecol Endocrinol2003，17，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Savoy: Absorption of methionine and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutoanic acid in conventional and germ-free chickens显示文摘 | Drew M D Van Kessel A G Maer z D D | 2003 | Poultry Science2003，82，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Carbon diox- ide capture using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate 显示文摘 | Shiflett M B Drew D W Cantini R A | 2010 | Energy & Fuels2010，24，10： | 1 |
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