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| 1 | 机器人三维可视化离线编程和仿真系统显示文摘提出了一种基于PC的交互式三维可视化离线编程和动态仿真系统。利用目前流行的PC机和Windows操作系统所支持的OpenGL三维图形功能,在系统中实现了焊接机器人及其工件的三维几何建模和机器人运动学建模,并研究了机器人运动轨迹的自动规划和编程以及它的图形化三维动态仿真。采用交互式三维'虚拟示教'方式实现了机器人单道焊焊接路径的规划和编程,对多层多道焊,则通过采用'宏'技术实现机器人焊接运动轨迹的自动规划和编程,通过图形化三维动态仿真实现了对机器人程序及运动轨迹的可靠性和安全性验证。离线编制的程序在向机器人控制系统传送的过程中实现了向机器人语言的自动转换,从而使机器人离线编程的实用性得到大大提高。 | 唐新华 Paul Drews | 2005 | 焊接学报2005，26，2： | 33 |
| 2 | Conversation Analysis and Social Action显示文摘Conversation analysis(CA) has come to be regarded as focusing primarily on turn-taking,on the way speakers design,hold and extend their turns at talk;how they select next speakers;how others know when it is their turn to speak;how orderly transition from one turn to the next is managed and how turns collide.The argument in this paper is that this research focus is waning,and that in its place a new direction is emerging(or perhaps reemerging) -the investigation of how social actions are conducted through language.This research direction connects with an area that is quite familiar in linguistic pragmatics,that of speech act analysis(Austin,Searle).But CA's approach is quite distinctive,exploring as it does the systematic basis for the selection of one from among the alternative constructions or formats for doing certain actions.This is illustrated through recent studies of offering and requesting,with some further observations of negatively formatted interrogatives used to make proposals.These studies show that speakers select between the alternative available forms on the basis of the sequential position in which the speaker is conducting that action. | Paul Drew | 2013 | 外国语2013，36，3： | 28 |
| 3 | Upper gastrointestinal sensory-motor dysfunction in diabetes mellitus显示文摘胃肠(官方补给) 感觉马达的畸形在有糖尿病的病人是普通的并且可以包含官方补给的道的任何部分。畸形经常是无临床症状的,并且幸好,严重、威胁生活的问题仅仅很少发生。在糖尿病的反常上面的官方补给的感觉马达的功能的致病不完全地被理解并且是最可能的起源多因素。糖尿病的自治神经病以及糖尿病的尖锐非最优的控制被显示了损害官方补给的马达和感觉功能。词法并且官方补给的墙的机械改变在糖尿病的持续时间期间开发的简历,并且可以贡献马达和感觉机能障碍。在感觉的这评论和活动性,在糖尿病的上面的官方补给的道的混乱被讨论;并且与感觉马达的机能障碍有关的机械改变也是的词法变化和简历探讨了。 | Jingbo Zhao Jens Brφndum Frφkjaer Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Niels Ejskjaer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，18： | 15 |
| 4 | Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis显示文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive fibrotic destruction of the pancreatic secretory parenchyma.Despite the heterogeneity in pathogenesis and involved risk factors,processes such as necrosis/apoptosis,inflammation or duct obstruction are involved.This fibrosing process ultimately leads to progressive loss of the lobular morphology and structure of the pancreas,deformation of the large ducts and severe changes in the arrangement and composition of the islets.These conditions lead to irreversible morphological and structural changes resulting in impairment of both exocrine and endocrine functions.The prevalence of the disease is largely dependent on culture and geography.The etiological risk-factors associated with CP are multiple and involve both genetic and environmental factors.Throughout this review the M-ANNHEIM classification system will be used,comprising a detailed description of risk factors such as:alcohol-consumption,nicotineconsumption,nutritional factors,hereditary factors,efferent duct factors,immunological factors and miscellaneous and rare metabolic factors.Increased knowledge of the different etiological factors may encourage the use of further advanced diagnostic tools,which potentially will help clinicians to diagnose CP at an earlier stage.However,in view of the multi factorial disease and the complex clinical picture,it is not surprising that treatment of patients with CP is challenging and often unsuccessful. | Christina Brock Lecia Mφller Nielsen Dina Lelic Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 11 |
| 5 | The differences and similarities between two-sample t-test and paired t-test显示文摘临床研究中经常遇到比较实验组和对照组之间的结果。双样本t检验(又称为独立样本t检验)和配对t检验可能是运用于比较两个样本之间均值的最广泛的统计方法。然而,这两种方法的运用会产生混淆,从而导致使用不当。本文中,我们讨论了这两种t检验之间的异同性,并运用三个范例来阐述双样本t检验和配对t检验的计算过程。 | 徐曼菲 Drew FRALICK Julia Z.ZHENG Bokai Wang Xin M.TU Changyong FENG | 2017 | 上海精神医学2017，29，3： | 8 |
| 6 | Impaired contractility and remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus type-1显示文摘AIM: To investigate that both the neuronal function of the contractile system and structural apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract are affected in patients with longstanding diabetes and auto mic neuropathy. METHODS: The evoked esophageal and duodenal contractile activity to standardized bag distension was assessed using a specialized ultrasound-based probe. Twelve type-1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and severe gastrointestinal symptoms and 12 healthy controls were studied. The geometry and biomechanical parameters (strain, tension/stress, and stiffness) were assessed. RESULTS: The diabetic patients had increased frequency of distension-induced contractions (6.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). This increased reactivity was correlated with the duration of the disease (P = 0.009). Impaired coordination of the contractile activity in diabetic patients was demonstrated as imbalance between the time required to evoke the first contraction at the distension site and proximal to it (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.1, P = 0.03). The esophageal wall and especially the mucosa-submucosa layer had increased thickness in the patients (P < 0.001), and the longitudinal and radial compressive stretch was less in diabetics (P <0.001). The esophageal and duodenal wall stiffness and circumferential deformation induced by the distensions were not affected in the patients (all P > 0.14). CONCLUSION: The impaired contractile activity with an imbalance in the distension-induced contractions likely reflects neuronal abnormalities due to autonomic neuropathy. However, structural changes and remodeling of the gastrointestinal tract are also evident and may add to the neuronal changes. This may contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic gut dysfunction and impact on future management of diabetic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. | Jens BrΦndum FrΦkjΦr SΦren Due Andersen Niels EjskjΦr Peter Funch-Jensen AsbjΦrn Mohr Drewes Hans Gregersen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，36： | 8 |
| 7 | 白云鄂博的钾-钡长石系列与钡交代作用显示文摘在内蒙古白云鄂博铌-稀土-铁矿床的顶板围岩——钾交代岩中发现大量含钡的钾微斜长石,其钡长石(Cn)分子含量变化于5.5~13.8mol%Cn之间,构成钾钡长石系列矿物.Cn含量高者则形成钡冰长石并与含Cn较低的钾微斜长石构成环带构造.本文根据钾钡长石系列矿物的显微构造、化学成分及其矿物组合特点确定了在本区普遍发育的另一种热液变代作用——钡交代作用. | 杨子元 孙未君 Lawrence J. Drew | 1993 | 地质找矿论丛1993，8，3： | 8 |
| 8 | 水力压裂监测新方法显示文摘深入了解水力压裂裂缝的几何形态和延伸情况有助于改善低渗油气藏压裂增产作业效果,改善油气井产能并提高油气采收率。应用地震方法对水力压裂裂缝进行监测和描述已经有多年了,而新的地震硬件和处理技术的出现使得这类监测更加有效、可靠。 | Les Bennett Joeol Le Calvez David R. ( Rich ) Sarver Kevin Tanner W.S.(Scott)Birk George Waters Julian Drew Gw e nola Michaud Paolo Primiero Leo Eisner Rob Jones David Leslie Michael John Williams Jim Govenlock Richard C. ( Rick ) Klein Kazuhiko Tezuka | 2007 | 国外测井技术2007，22，4： | 7 |
| 9 | Systematic mechanism-orientated approach to chronic pancreatitis pain显示文摘Pain in chronic pancreatitis(CP) shows similarities with other visceral pain syndromes(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease and esophagitis),which should thus be managed in a similar fashion.Typical causes of CP pain include increased intrapancreatic pressure,pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic/extrapancreatic complications.Unfortunately,CP pain continues to be a major clinical challenge.It is recognized that ongoing pain may induce altered central pain processing,e.g.,central sensitization or pro-nociceptive pain modulation.When this is present conventional pain treatment targeting the nociceptive focus,e.g.,opioid analgesia or surgical/endoscopic intervention,often fails even if technically successful.If central nervous system pain processing is altered,specific treatment targeting these changes should be instituted(e.g.,gabapentinoids,ketamine or tricyclic antidepressants).Suitable tools are now available to make altered central processing visible,including quantitative sensory testing,electroencephalograpy and(functional) magnetic resonance imaging.These techniques are potentially clinically useful diagnostic tools to analyze central pain processing and thus define optimum management approaches for pain in CP and other visceral pain syndromes.The present review proposes a systematic mechanism-orientated approach to pain management in CP based on a holistic view of the mechanisms involved.Future research should address the circumstances under which central nervous system pain processing changes in CP,and how this is influenced by ongoing nociceptive input and therapies.Thus we hope to predict which patients are at risk for developing chronic pain or not responding to therapy,leading to improved treatment of chronic pain in CP and other visceral pain disorders. | Stefan AW Bouwense Marjan de Vries Luuk TW Schreuder Soren S Olesen Jens B Frokjær Asbjorn M Drewes Harry van Goor Oliver HG Wilder-Smith | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，1： | 6 |
| 10 | 糖尿病性上消化道感觉和运动功能异常显示文摘糖尿病患者胃肠感觉运动功能异常非常常见,其可涉及胃肠道各个部位。糖尿病性胃肠异常经常是亚临床的,庆幸的是罕有严重和危及生命的问题发生。人们尚未完全了解糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常的发病机制,但是其机制似乎是多源性的。研究表明,糖尿病性自主神经病变和急性血糖异常可损伤感觉运动功能。糖尿病发展过程中胃肠道结构和生物力学特性的重构也可能与感觉运动功能异常有关。本综述只讨论糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常,同时结合讨论胃肠道结构和生物力学特性的重构在糖尿病性上消化道感觉运动功能异常发展中的作用。 | 赵静波 Jens Brφndum Frφkjr Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Niels Ejskjaer | 2008 | 医学综述2008，14，23： | 6 |
| 11 | A Phase I Study of an Agonist CD40 Monoclonal Antibody (CP-870,893) in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma显示文摘 | Gregory L. Beatty Drew A. Torigian E. Gabriela Chiorean Babak Saboury Alex Brothers Abass Alavi Andrea B. Troxel Weijing Sun Ursina R. Teitelbaum Robert H. Vonderheide Peter J. O’Dwyer | 2013 | Clinical Cancer Research2013，，22： | 6 |
| 12 | Evaluation of the biliary tract in patients with functional biliary symptoms显示文摘这篇论文的目的是在这些病人为胆道的评估描述功能的胆汁的症候群和方法。没有可论证的器官的底层,功能的胆汁的症状能被定义为胆汁的症状。二主要症候群存在:胆囊机能障碍和 Oddi 机能障碍的括约肌。最重要的研究工具是 cholescintigraphy 和 Oddi 测压法的内视镜的括约肌。在胆囊机能障碍 scintigraphic 胆囊喷射部分在下面 35% 能选择将得益于胆囊炎的病人。Oddi 测压法的内视镜的括约肌在 Oddi 机能障碍的括约肌被认为标准答案,但是在 scintigraphic 方法的最近的开发就要改变这。因此, hilum-to-duodenum 运输时间的计算和 cholescintigraphy 上的十二指肠的外观时间在这些病人证明了有用。在结论,周围的方法能诊断功能的胆汁的症候群。然而,仍然有很多个问题,知识进一步被需要。可能,下一个向前走将在感觉测试和阻抗 planimetric 方法的区域。 | Peter Funch-Jensen Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes László Madácsy | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，18： | 6 |
| 13 | Pain and chronic pancreatitis: A complex interplay of multiple mechanisms显示文摘Despite multiple theories on the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis,no uniform and consistently successful treatment strategy exists and abdominal pain still remains the dominating symptom for most patients and a major challenge for clinicians.Traditional theories focussed on a mechanical cause of pain related to anatomical changes and evidence of increased ductal and interstitial pressures.These observations form the basis for surgical and endoscopic drainage procedures,but the outcome is variable and often unsatisfactory.This underscores the fact that other factors must contribute to pathogenesis of pain,and has shifted the focus towards a more complex neurobiological understanding of pain generation.Amongst other explanations for pain,experimental and human studies have provided evidence that pain perception at the peripheral level and central pain processing of the nociceptive information is altered in patients with chronic pancreatitis,and resembles that seen in neuropathic and chronic pain disorders.However,pain due to e.g.,complications to the disease and adverse effects to treatment must not be overlooked as an additional source of pain.This review outlines the current theories on pain generation in chronic pancreatitis which is crucial in order to understand the complexity and limitations of current therapeutic approaches.Furthermore,it may also serve as an inspiration for further research and development of methods that can evaluate the relative contribution and interplay of different pain mechanisms in the individual patients,before they are subjected to more or less empirical treatment. | Jakob Lykke Poulsen Sφren Schou Olesen Lasse Paludan Malver Jens Brφndum Frφkjr Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 5 |
| 14 | Experimental human pain models in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and unexplained chest pain显示文摘Methods related to experimental human pain research aim at activating different nociceptors, evoke pain from different organs and activate specific pathways and mechanisms. The different possibilities for using mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical methods in visceral pain research are discussed with emphasis of combinations (e.g., the multimodal approach). The methods have been used widely in assessment of pain mechanisms in the esophagus and have contributed to our understanding of the symptoms reported in these patients. Hence abnormal activation and plastic changes of central pain pathways seem to play a major role in the symptoms in some patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease and in patients with functional chest pain of esophageal origin. These findings may lead to an alternative approach for treatment in patients that does not respond to conventional medical or surgical therapy. | Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Lars Arendt-Nielsen Peter Funch-Jensen Hans Gregersen | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，18： | 5 |
| 15 | Diversity and production in an Afromontane Forest显示文摘Background:This contribution evaluates the effect of forest structure and tree species diversity on plot productivity and individual tree growth in the unique Knysna forests in Southern Africa using mapped tree data from an observational study that has been re-measured over a period of 40 years.Methods:The effects of tree species diversity and forest structure on tree growth and forest production are evaluated on three levels of resolution:a) the forest community(canopy,sub-canopy species),b) the subplots(number of trees per ha,skewness of the diameter distribution,diameter coefficient of variation) and c) the immediate neighborhood of selected reference trees('Mingling','Dominance',Aggregation' and 'Size Variation').Results:An analysis of the community level identified two distinct clusters,one including dominant/canopy species with the highest growth rates and a greater variation of growth,and another cluster which includes the remaining subcanopy species which have a smaller maximum size and lower rates of growth.The area-based structure variables on plot level have a highly significant effect on total basal area growth.However,the effects of forest density and species richness on productivity were not straight forward.Maximum basal area production of about 0.75 m^2/ha/year is achieved at medium levels of richness(around 20 species per ha) and medium levels of density(around 30 m^2/ha basal area) using percentile regression estimates.The relative 'Dominance' of a selected reference tree had a highly significant effect on individual tree growth on all investigated species.Other neighbourhood structure variables were only occasionally significant or not significant at all.Conclusion:This contribution presents a new theoretical framework for analysing natural forests that includes community,plot and neighborhood variables of forest structure and diversity,and a first specific analysis of the structure and dynamics of the Knysna Afromontane Forest,based on a unique set of longterm observations.The species-area(SAR) model developed in this study,represents a new general approach that can be used to derive a common standard of tree species diversity for different plot sizes,the species richness per hectare. | Klaus v.Gadow GongQiao Zhang Graham Durrheim David Drew Armin Seydack | 2016 | Forest Ecosystems2016，3，4： | 5 |
| 16 | Assessment of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic complications of diabetes显示文摘The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing; arguably as a consequence of changes in diet, lifestyle and the trend towards urbanization. Unsurprisingly, the incidence of both micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mirrors this increasing prevalence. Amongst the complications with the highest symptom burden, yet frequently under-diagnosed and sub-optimally treated, is diabetic autonomic neuropathy, itself potentially resulting in cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal(GI) tract dysmotility. The aims of this review are fourfold. Firstly to provide an overview of the pathophysiological processes that cause diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Secondly, to discuss both the established and emerging cardiometric methods for evaluating autonomic nervous system function in vivo. Thirdly, to examine the tools for assessing pan-GI and segmental motility and finally, we will provide the reader with a summary of putative non-invasive biomarkers that provide a pathophysiological link between lowgrade neuro inflammation and diabetes, which may allow earlier diagnosis and intervention, which in future may improve patient outcomes. | Christina Brock Birgitte Brock Anne Grave Pedersen Asbjorn Mohr Drewes Niels Jessen Adam D Farmer | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，16： | 5 |
| 17 | Understanding and treatment of chronic pancreatitis显示文摘Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by an inflammatory process of the pancreas,which is replaced by fibrosis and progressive destruction.The three major clinical features of chronic pancreatitis are pain,maldigestion,and diabetes.Chronic pancreatitis has a profound impact on social life and employment patterns.In the current issue,different topics highlight experimental models of chronic pancreatitis and bridge findings from recent research to bedside.Although the disease is still difficult to treat the current papers represent useful guidelines on how to approach chronic pancreatitis in the clinical settings with the major aim to improve the patient’s suffering and quality of life. | Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 5 |
| 18 | Nutrition in chronic pancreatitis显示文摘The pancreas is a major player in nutrient digestion.In chronic pancreatitis both exocrine and endocrine insufficiency may develop leading to malnutrition over time.Maldigestion is often a late complication of chronic pancreatic and depends on the severity of the underlying disease.The severity of malnutrition is correlated with two major factors:(1)malabsorption and depletion of nutrients(e.g.,alcoholism and pain)causes impaired nutritional status;and(2)increased metabolic activity due to the severity of the disease.Nutritional deficiencies negatively affect outcome if they are not treated.Nutritional assessment and the clinical severity of the disease are important for planning any nutritional intervention.Good nutritional practice includes screening to identify patients at risk,followed by a thoroughly nutritional assessment and nutrition plan for risk patients.Treatment should be multidisciplinary and the mainstay of treatment is abstinence from alcohol,pain treatment,dietary modifications and pancreatic enzyme supplementation.To achieve energy-end protein requirements,oral supplementation might be beneficial.Enteral nutrition may be used when patients do not have sufficient calorie intake as in pylero-duodenalstenosis,inflammation or prior to surgery and can be necessary if weight loss continues.Parenteral nutrition is very seldom used in patients with chronic pancreatitis and should only be used in case of GI-tract obstruction or as a supplement to enteral nutrition. | Henrik Hφjgaard Rasmussen φivind Irtun Sφren Schou Olesen Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Mette Holst | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 4 |
| 19 | Multimodal pain stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract显示文摘疼痛和另外的感觉症状的理解和描述在在有胃肠的混乱的病人的诊断和评价的最重要的问题之中。唤起并且估计试验性的疼痛的方法最近为多模式的刺激与可能性发展成一个新区域(例如,电、机械、热、化学的刺激) 不同神经和疼痛,在人的小径毁坏。如此的方法模仿在诊所经验丰富的疼痛到高度。多模式的疼痛方法处于健康和疾病在内脏增加了我们不同外部受体的基本理解。和先进肌肉分析,方法增加了我们对敏感的受体的理解机械,在疾病的化学药品和温度刺激,例如全身的硬化和糖尿病。方法能也被用来解开中枢性痛机制例如涉及 allodynia 的那些,痛觉过敏和提交的疼痛。在中枢性痛机制的畸形经常依靠刺激可以帮助在这些病人理解症状的多模式的疼痛的长期的内脏疼痛和因此方法地在病人被看见。性差别在内脏的几疾病被观察了,并且在中枢性痛在男性和女性之间处理的差别用多模式的疼痛刺激被假设了。最后,多模式的方法最近被用来在官方补给的道对疼痛获得更多的卓见进药的效果。因此,多模式的方法无疑表示一个学生与内脏的各种各样的疾病在未来描述和病人的治疗向前走。 | Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Hans Gregersen | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，16： | 4 |
| 20 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
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