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| 1 | Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease显示文摘The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient's condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment. | Dong-Hua Liao Jing-Bo Zhao Hans Gregersen Hans Gregersen | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Development of a non-cable whole tectorial membrane micro-robot for an endoscope显示文摘A novel non-cable whole tectorial membrane micro-robot for an endoscope is developed. The micro-robot we have fabricated and tested can propel itself in the intestine tract of a pig in an autonomous manner by earthworm-like locomotion. The silicone of bellow shape is laid over the outer surface of the micro-robot to reduce the affection of the viscoelastic properties of the intestine. Wireless power transfer and communication systems are employed to realize the non-cable locomotion of the mi-cro-robot. The prototype of the micro-robot is 13.5 mm in diameter and 108 mm in length. The experimental results show that the towing force for the micro-robot is about 0.8 N, which is much smaller than the maximum driving force 2.55 N of the linear actuator. The supplying power of the wireless power transfer system fulfills the needs of the micro-robot system and the mi-cro-robot can creep reliably in the large intestine of a pig and other contact environments. | Dong-dong YE Guo-zheng YAN Kun-dong WANG Guan-ying MA | 2008 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2008，9，8： | 2 |
| 3 | Sensory testing of the human gastrointestinal tract显示文摘The objective of this appraisal is to shed light on the various approaches to screen sensory information in the human gut. Understanding and characterization of sensory symptoms in gastrointestinal disorders is poor. Experimental methods allowing the investigator to control stimulus intensity and modality, as well as using validated methods for assessing sensory response have contributed to the understanding of pain mechanisms. Mechanical stimulation based on impedance planimetry allows direct recordings of luminal cross-sectional areas, and combined with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, the contribution of different gut layers can be estimated. Electrical stimulation depolarizes free nerve endings non-selectively. Consequently, the stimulation paradigm (single, train, tetanic) influences the involved sensory nerves. Visual controlled electrical stimulation combines the probes with an endoscopic approach, which allows the investigator to inspect and obtain small biopsies from the stimulation site. Thermal stimulation (cold or warm) activates selectively mucosal receptors, and chemical substances such as acid and capsaicin (either alone or in combination) are used to evoke pain and sensitization. The possibility of multimodal (e.g. mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical) stimulation in different gut segments has developed visceral pain research. The major advantage is involvement of distinctive receptors, various sensory nerves and different pain pathways mimicking clinical pain that favors investigation of central pain mechanisms involved in allodynia, hyperalgesia and referred pain. As impairment of descending control mechanisms partly underlies the pathogenesis in chronic pain, a cold pressor test that indirectly stimulates such control mechanisms can be added. Hence, the methods undoubtedly represent a major step forward in the future characterization and treatment of patients with various diseases of the gut, which provides knowledge to clinicians about the underlying symptoms and treatment of these patients. | Christina Brock Lars Arendt-Nielsen Oliver Wilder-Smith Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，2： | 1 |
| 4 | The psyche and the gut显示文摘Research on gut-brain interactions has increased over the last decade and has brought about a number of new topics beyond “classical” subjects, such as “stress” and “personality”, which have dominated the psychosomatic literature on gastrointestinal disorders over the past century. These novel topics include brain imaging of intestinal functions, placebo responses in gastroenterology, learning of gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life in patients with intestinal complaints, and psychotherapy and familial aggregation of functional intestinal disorders. Currently, these new topics appear with a frequency of 1% to 3% in leading gastroenterological journals, either as data presentation or review papers. Increasing focus underlines the importance of enhancing our understanding on how the psyche and the brain communicate in order to better meet the needs of our patients. | Paul Enck Ute Martens Sibylle Klosterhalfen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，25： | 0 |
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