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| 1 | Acute-on-chronic liver failure:recent update显示文摘Acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF) was first described in 1995 as a clinical syndrome distinct to classic acute decompensation.Characterized by complications of decompensation,ACLF occurs on a background of chronic liver dysfunction and is associated with high rates of organ failure and significant short-term mortality estimated between45%and 90%.Despite the clinical relevance of the condition,it still remains largely undefined with continued disagreement regarding its precise etiological factors,clinical course,prognostic criteria and management pathways.It is concerning that,despite our relative lack of understanding of the condition,the burden of ACLF among cirrhotic patients remains significant with an estimated prevalence of 30.9%.This paper highlights our current understanding of ACLF,including its etiology,diagnostic and prognostic criteria and pathophysiology.It is evident that further refinement of the ACLF classification system is required in order to detect high-risk patients and improve short-term mortality rates.The field of metabolomics certainly warrants investigation to enhance diagnostic and prognostic parameters,while the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is a promising future therapeutic intervention for patients with ACLF. | Azeem Alam Ka Chun Suen Daqing Ma | 2017 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2017，31，4： | 16 |
| 2 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong显示文摘瞄准:用香港汉语调查流行和胃肠的基质肿瘤(大意) 的临床的模式,并且估计发病率的 CD117 的介绍的影响。方法:从 Yan Chai 医院的病理的部门的数据库, 47 个病人,在这研究与到 2003 年 12 月的从 1995 年 9 月的大意被包括。十大意在 CD117 的介绍前被诊断。临床的特征,肿瘤特征,和治疗被分析。预言肿瘤的因素联系了死亡或复发与比例的危险建模的考克斯一起被学习。结果:病人包括了 26 男性和 21 女性,与 66.6 年的吝啬的年龄(SD 13.1,范围 29-87 年) 。大意的估计的流行每 100,000 个人是 13.4-15.6,与每 100,000 个人的 1.68-1.96 的年度发生。在 CD117 的介绍前后的大意的年度发生每 100,000 个人是 1.1 并且 2.1 每 100,000 个人分别地。胃(34 个病人, 72.3%) 是为肿瘤的最普通的地点,由小肠列在后面(8 个病人, 17.0%) ,食管(2 个病人, 4.3%) ,网膜(2 个病人, 4.3%) 并且冒号(1 个病人, 2.1%) 。31 个病人(66%) 有完全的肿瘤切除术。十一从 16 死亡(23%) 是肿瘤相关的。中部的生存时间是 26 瞬间。五年的幸存率是 61.3% 。与肿瘤相关的死亡或复发联系的重要因素是不完全的切除术,肿瘤尺寸 5 厘米以上,侵略到转移的邻近的机关或存在。结论:在香港的大意的发生在美国比得上那,但是在芬兰比那降低。大意的真发生能在 CD117 的介绍前被低估。不完全的切除术,肿瘤尺寸 5 厘米以上,到转移的邻近的机关或存在的侵略是预言肿瘤相关的死亡或复发的因素。 | Kam Hoi Chan Chun Wing Chan Wai Hung Chow Wai Keung Kwan Chi Kwan Kong Ka Fung Mak Miu Yi Leung Lin Kiu Lau | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，14： | 12 |
| 3 | Perioperative'remote'acute lung injury:recent update显示文摘Perioperative acute lung injury(ALI) is a syndrome characterised by hypoxia and chest radiograph changes.It is a serious post-operative complication,associated with considerable mortality and morbidity.In addition to mechanical ventilation,remote organ insult could also trigger systemic responses which induce ALI.Currently,there are limited treatment options available beyond conservative respiratory support.However,increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI and the biochemical pathways involved will aid the development of novel treatments and help to improve patient outcome as well as to reduce cost to the health service.In this review we will discuss the epidemiology of peri-operative ALI;the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved on the pathological process;the clinical considerations in preventing and managing perioperative ALI and the potential future treatment options. | Zhaosheng Jin Ka Chun Suen Daqing Ma | 2017 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2017，31，3： | 7 |
| 4 | Cell cycle-related kinase reprograms the liver immune microenvironment to promote cancer metastasis显示文摘The liver is an immunologically tolerant organ and a common metastatic site of multiple cancer types.Although a role for cancer cell invasion programs has been well characterized,whether and how liver-intrinsic factors drive metastatic spread is incompletely understood.Here,we show that aberrantly activated hepatocyte-intrinsic cell cycle-related kinase(CCRK)signaling in chronic liver diseases is critical for cancer metastasis by reprogramming an immunosuppressive microenvironment.Using an inducible liverspecific transgenic model,we found that CCRK overexpression dramatically increased both B16F10 melanoma and MC38 colorectal cancer(CRC)metastasis to the liver,which was highly infiltrated by polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells(PMNMDSCs)and lacking natural killer T(NKT)cells.Depletion of PMN-MDSCs in CCRK transgenic mice restored NKT cell levels and their interferon gamma production and reduced liver metastasis to 2.7% and 0.7%(metastatic tumor weights)in the melanoma and CRC models,respectively.Mechanistically,CCRK activated nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling to increase the PMN-MDSC trafficking chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1(CXCL1),which was positively correlated with liver-infiltrating PMN-MDSC levels in CCRK transgenic mice.Accordingly,CRC liver metastasis patients exhibited hyperaaivation of hepatic CCRK/NF-κB/CXCL1 signaling,which was associated with accumulation of PMN-MDSCs and paucity of NKT cells compared to healthy liver transplantation donors.In summary,this study demonstrates that immunosuppressive reprogramming by hepatic CCRK signaling undermines antimetastatic immunosurveillance.Our findings offer new mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets for liver metastasis intervention. | Xuezhen Zeng Jingying Zhou Zhewen Xiong Hanyong Sun Weiqin Yang Myth T.S.Mok Jing Wang Jingqing Li Man Liu Wenshu Tang Yu Feng Hector Kwong-Sang W ang Shun-Wa Tsang King-Lau Chow Philip Chun Yeung John Wong Paul Bo-San Lai Anthony Wing-Hung Chan Ka Fai To Stephen Lam Chan Qiang Xia Jing Xue Xiao Chen Jun Yu Sui Peng Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung Ming Kuang Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，4： | 5 |
| 5 | Molecular Evidence for the Hybrid Origin of Bauhinia blakeana(Caesalpinioideae)显示文摘Bauhinia blakeana Dunn is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region emblem and a popular horticultural species in many Asian countries. It was first described as a new species from Hong Kong almost a century ago. This plant is sterile and has long been considered a hybrid,possibly from two related species,B. purpurea and B. variegata. However,not much evidence based on molecular methods was available to support this hypothesis. In this study,sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1) ,rbcL and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer for five Bauhinia species and two varieties of one of the species were determined and compared. There were two types of ITS1 sequences in B. blakeana,one indistinguishable from that of B. purpurea and the other one identical to that of B. variegata. This confirmed that B. blakeana was a hybrid of these two species. Chloroplast atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer sequence of B. blakeana was identical to that of B. purpurea,indicating that B. purpurea was the female parent. The hybridization event seemed to occur only recently and was a rare incident. Its occurrence was likely facilitated by interspecific pollen competition. It appeared that human efforts played a crucial role in the preservation and ubiquity of B. blakeana. | Chun Yin Mak Ka Shing Cheung Pui Ying Yip Hoi Shan Kwan | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Intravenous fluid selection rationales in acute clinical management显示文摘BACKGROUND: Intravenous fluid(IVF) is commonly used in acute clinical management. This study aimed to review the choice and primary considerations in IVF prescriptions and to evaluate the adequacy of guidelines and trainings on it in the New Territories West Cluster(NTWC) of Hong Kong.METHODS: This is a descriptive study based on data collected from an online survey. Data were processed by SPSS for statistical analysis. This study focused on a general description and doctor-nurse between group comparison. Participants were asked the choice of IVF for nine acute clinical scenarios and provide reason. A 1–10 scale was used to assess the sufficiency of guideline, training and information, and time for revision on IVF prescription.RESULTS: 0.9% sodium chloride was the most familiar IVF(36%), followed by 5% Dextrose solution(26%). In the nine scenarios, the most chosen IVF was 0.9% sodium chloride(37%–61%). There was significant difference in the choice of IVF between doctors and nurses in 7 cases. The second most chosen IVF for doctors was Plasma-Lyte A while that for nurses was Gelofusine. Departmental practice was the most chosen reason to account for the prescription. The adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision was rated 5. Doctors had significantly more time at work than nurses to update knowledge in IVF prescription(5.41 versus 4.57).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium chloride was mostly chosen. The choice of IVF was mainly based on departmental practice. Adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision on IVF prescription were average, indicating significant training deficit. | Wing Yan Shirley Cheung Wai Kwan Cheung Chun Ho Lam Yeuk Wai Chan Hau Ching Chow Ka Lok Cheng Yau Hang Wong Chak Wah Kam | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Aberrant cholesterol metabolic signaling impairs antitumor immunosurveillance through natural killer T cell dysfunction in obese liver显示文摘Obesity is a major risk factor for cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)that develops from a background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Hypercholesterolemia is a common comorbidity of obesity.Although cholesterol biosynthesis mainly occurs in the liver,its role in HCC development of obese people remains obscure.Using high-fat high-carbohydrate diet-associated orthotopic and spontaneous NAFLD-HCC mouse models,we found that hepatic cholesterol accumulation in obesity selectively suppressed natural killer T(NKT)cell-mediated antitumor immunosurveillance.Transcriptome analysis of human liver revealed aberrant cholesterol metabolism and NKT cell dysfunction in NAFLD patients.Notably,cholesterol-lowering rosuvastatin restored NKT expansion and cytotoxicity to prevent obesogenic diet-promoted HCC development.Moreover,suppression of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by a mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitor vistusertib preceded tumor regression,which was abolished by NKT inactivation but not CD8^(+)T cell depletion.Mechanistically,sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2(SREBP2)-driven excessive cholesterol production from hepatocytes induced lipid peroxide accumulation and deficient cytotoxicity in NKT cells,which were supported by findings in people with obesity,NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC.This study highlights mTORC1/SREBP2/cholesterol-mediated NKT dysfunction in the tumor-promoting NAFLD liver microenvironment,providing intervention strategies that invigorating NKT cells to control HCC in the obesity epidemic. | Wenshu Tang Jingying Zhou Weiqin Yang Yu Feng Haoran Wu Myth T.S.Mok Lingyun Zhang Zhixian Liang Xiaoyu Liu Zhewen Xiong Xuezhen Zeng Jing Wang Jiahuan Lu Jingqing Li Hanyong Sun Xiaoyu Tian Philip Chun Yeung Yong Hou Heung Man Lee Candice C.H.Lam Howard H.W.Leung Anthony W.H.Chan Ka Fai To John Wong Paul B.S.Lai Kelvin K.C.Ng Simon K.H.Wong Vincent W.S.Wong Alice P.S.Kong Joseph J.Y.Sung Alfred S.L.Cheng | 2022 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2022，19，7： | 3 |
| 8 | Early-onset primary torsional dystonia in a 4-generation Chinese family with a mutation in the DYT1 gene显示文摘Primary torsion dystonia (PTD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous movement disorder. At least thirteen different types of dystonia can be distinguished on a genetic basis.1 The DYT1 gene was first mapped by Ozelius et al in 1989.2 (Kramer et) al3 linked the same locus to PTD in 12 Ashkenazi Jewish families in 1990. Most patients with early-onset generalized PTD were caused by the same three base pair (GAG) deletion in the DYT1 gene on chromosome 9q34.1,4,5 The product of the gene is a protein called torsinA.5 (Although the) function of this protein is as yet uncertain, it is widely distributed throughout the brain with high levels in the substantia nigra compacta dopamine neurones. | YEUNG Wai Lan LAM Ching Wan CHENG Wai Tsoi SIN Ngai Chuen WONG Wing Kin WONG Chun Nei TSE Ka Ming FOK Tai Fai | 2005 | Chinese Medical Journal2005，，10： | 2 |
| 9 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecysitis : CT features with emphasis on differentiation from gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘 | Chun KA Ha HK Yu ES | 1997 | Radiology1997，203，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Grattan chloride ion optical sensing using a long period grating pair 显示文摘 | Samer K Abi Kaed Bey Cathy Chung Chun Lam Tong Sun | 2008 | Sensors and Actuators A Physical2008，141，215： | 1 |
| 11 | Gastrointestinal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma:CT differentiation显示文摘 | Chun HJ Byun JY Chun KA | 1998 | J Comput Assist Tomogr1998，22，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Long non-coding RNA expression profiles predict clinical phenotypes in glioma显示文摘 | Xiaoqin Zhang Stella Sun Jenny Kan Suen Pu Anderson Chun On Tsang Derek Lee Venus On Ying Man Wai Man Lui Stanley Thian Sze Wong Gilberto Ka Kit Leung | 2012 | Neurobiology of Disease2012，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: CT featoures with emphasis on differentiation from Gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘 | Chun KA Ha HK | 1997 | Radiology1997，203，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Gastrointestinal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcona differentiation显示文摘 | Chun HJ Byun JY Chun KA | 1998 | J Comput Assist Tomogr1998，22，： | 1 |
| 15 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: CT features with emphasis on differentiation from gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘 | Chun KA Ha HK Yu ES | 1997 | Radiology1997，203，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: CT features with emphasis on differentiation from gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘 | Chun KA Ha HK Yu ES | 1997 | Radiology1997，203，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Gastrointestinal leiomyoma and stromal tumors:CT differentiation显示文摘 | Chun HJ Byun JY Chun KA | 1998 | J Comput Assist Tomogr1998，22，： | 1 |
| 18 | Osteoblastoma as a cause of osteomalacia assessed by bone scan显示文摘 | Chun KA Cho IH Wan KJ | 2003 | Ann Nucl Med2003，17，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Freiberg's disease : quantitative assessment of osteonecrosis on three-dimensional CT显示文摘 | Chun KA Oh HK Wang KH | 2011 | J Am Podiatr Med Assoc2011，4，： | 1 |
| 20 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis : T features with emphasis on differentiation from gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘 | Chun KA Ha HK Yu ES | | Radiology0，203，1： | 1 |
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