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| 1 | Modeling and optimization of industrial Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with the slurry bubble column reactor and iron-based catalyst显示文摘To optimize industrial Fischer–Tropsch(FT) synthesis with the slurry bubble column reactor(SBCR) and ironbased catalyst, a comprehensive process model for FT synthesis that includes a detailed SBCR model, gas liquid separation model, simplified CO_2 removal model and tail gas cycle model was developed. An effective iteration algorithm was proposed to solve this process model, and the model was validated by industrial demonstration experiments data(SBCR with 5.8 m diameter and 30 m height), with a maximum relative error b 10% for predicting the SBCR performances. Subsequently, the proposed model was adopted to optimize the industrial SBCR performances simultaneously considering process and reactor parameters variations. The results show that C_(5+) yield increases as catalyst loading increases within 10–70 ton and syngas H_2/CO value decreases within1.3–1.6, but it doesn't increase obviously when the catalyst loading exceeds 45 ton(about 15 wt% concentration).Higher catalyst loading will result in higher difficulty for wax/catalyst separation and higher catalyst cost. Therefore, the catalyst loading(45 ton) is recommended for the industrial demonstration SBCR operation at syngas H_2/CO = 1.3, and the C_(5+) yield is about 402 ton' per day, which has an about 16% increase than the industrial demonstration run result. | Chufu Li | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2018，26，5： | 5 |
| 2 | Changes of Levels of Glutamine Synthetase Isoforms in Roots and Leaves in Responseto Nitrogen Fertilizer Application at Different Growth Stages in Irrigated Rice显示文摘Nitrogen is a key element to control the growth and yield of crops. Fertilizer urea nitrogen(N)60,45,and 30 kg/hm2 was applied at three different stages, midtillering, panicle initiation, and flowering,of the growth and development of rice plants. respectively. At both midtillering and panicle initiation, the total activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) in rice roots and leaves ovas increased remarkably as a result of a large amount of ammonia absorbed by roots. Native-PAGE and activity staining showed that the increase of total activity in rice roots and leaves was due to the synthesis of GSrb in roots and GSZ in leaves and that the activity of GSra in roots and GSI in leaves remained constant. The results shoaled that the assimilation of external nitrogen was carried out by GSrb but not GSra in rice roots and that the activitry. of GS2 ovas induced also by the external nitrogen, and that GSrb played main role in meeting the needs of the rapid tillering for nitrogen. At flowering, the activity of GS in rice roots and leaves did not change almost after topdressing.These rssults suggest that the change of GS activity in rice roots may use as a measure of the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. | Zhang Chufu Peng Shaobing John Bennett | 1998 | Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences1998，3，4： | 4 |
| 3 | Key CO_(2)capture technology of pure oxygen exhaust gas combustion for syngas-fueled high-temperature fuel cells显示文摘Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)integrating high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology with CO_(2)capture processes represents highly-efficient power systems with negligible CO_(2)emissions.Flame burning with pure oxygen is an ideal method for fuel cell exhaust gas treatment,and this report describes experimental and numerical studies regarding an oxy-combustor for treating the exhaust gas of a 10 kW IGFC system anode.The applied simulation method was verified based on experiments,and the key performance indices of the combustor were studied under various conditions.It was determined that 315 K was the ideal condensation temperature to obtain flame stability.Under these pure oxygen flame burning conditions,CO was almost completely converted,and the dry mole fraction of CO_(2)after burning was C 0.958 when there was up to 5%excess O_(2).Overall,5%excess O_(2)was recommended to maximize CO_(2)capture and promote other environmental considerations.Additionally,the optimal tangential fuel jet angle to control the liner temperature was approximately 25°.The total fuel utilization had to be high enough to maintain the oxygen flame temperature of the anode exhaust gas below 1800 K to ensure that the system was environmentally friendly.The results presented herein have great value for designing IGFCs coupled with CO_(2)capture systems. | Hanlin Wang Qilong Lei Pingping Li Changlei Liu Yunpeng Xue Xuewei Zhang Chufu Li Zhibin Yang | 2021 | International Journal of Coal Science & Technology2021，8，3： | 3 |
| 4 | The application of event-tree based approach in long-term crude oil scheduling显示文摘This paper addresses the problem of optimal operation in long-term crude oil scheduling,which involves unloading crude oil from vessels,transferring it to charging tanks and feeding it to the distillation units.The application of a new approach for modeling and optimization of long-term crude oil scheduling is presented and the event-tree based modeling method that is very different from mathematical programming is employed.This approach is developed on the basis of natural language modeling and continuous time representation.Event triggered rules,decomposition strategy,depth-first search algorithm and pruning strategy are adopted to improve the efficiency of searching the optimum solution.This approach is successfully applied to an industrial-size problem over a horizon of 4 weeks,involving 7 vessels,6 storage tanks,6 charging tanks,2 crude oil distillation units,and 6 crude oil types.The CPU (AMD 3000+,2.0GHz) solving time is less than 70 seconds. | ZOU LaiXi,LI ChuFu,ZHANG Ming & HE XiaoRong Department of Chemical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，6： | 3 |
| 5 | Response of glutamine synthetase isoforms to nitrogen sources in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) roots显示文摘 | Chufu Zhang Shaobing Peng Xinxiang Peng Arlene Q. Chavez John Bennett | 1997 | Plant Science1997，，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Analysis of routes for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) to methanol显示文摘In the context of peak carbon and carbon neutrality,the utilization of CO_(2)has attracted attention with the aim of reducing carbon emissions by converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals or energy.Methanol(MeOH),which is both a hydrogen and a carbon carrier,is considered the most promising among the CO_(2)-conversion products.This paper focus on routes for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)to MeOH using green power and green hydrogen to achieve negative CO_(2)emissions.Three feasible technical routes for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)to MeOH are proposed in this paper:Route 1,electrolysis of water to H_(2)and hydrogenation of CO_(2)to MeOH;Route 2,electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to MeOH;and Route 3,co-electrolysis of CO_(2)-H_(2)O to syngas and synthesis of MeOH from syngas.Techno-economic assessments of the three routes are conducted using technical maturity surveys,system simulations and cost analyses to provide reference data for route selection for CO_(2)conversion to MeOH in China.Compared with the other routes,Route 1 is advantageous in terms of technical maturity and commercial application prospects.Although Route 1 is presently economically unviable,it is expected to achieve profitability and commercial application in the future with decreases in the cost of renewable power and continuous development of water-electrolysis technology. | Pingping Li Siqi Gong Chufu Li and Zhien Liu | 2022 | Clean Energy2022，6，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Investigation on and industrial application of degrading of methanol feed in methanol to propylene process显示文摘At present, methanol to propylene(MTP) technology developed by Lurgi Company is adopted for commercial plants and refined methanol with the purity ≥99.85 wt% is required as the feed of MTP unit in Lurgi's technology.Therefore, high energy cost for refined methanol production is one of the bottlenecks to improve the economy of MTP technology. Reducing the grade of feed refined methanol may be an effective method to save energy and reduce operation costs in MTP process. In this work, experiments and process simulation were carried out to investigate the influence and feasibility of degrading the methanol feed. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of crude methanol feed on conversion and selectivity of MTP reaction as well as the performance of ZSM-5 catalyst. The experimental results showed that degrading the methanol feed had no obvious influence on the conversion and selectivity of MTP reactions and the catalyst deactivation was caused by the carbon accumulation and metals deposition on the active sites. The process simulation results showed that the influence on the conversion and selectivity as well as the stream load of MTP process was negligible if 98 mol% methanol was used as feed. Finally, industrial experiments were conducted by adjusting the operation parameters to degrade of feed methanol of the commercial 500 kt·a^(-1) MTP unit of Ningmei Group in China. The results of industrial application illustrated that annually 180 kt fuel coal and 150 kt desalted water as well as 1770 MW·h^(-1) electricity would be saved when the water content increased from 0.01% to 0.4%. This work has identified the feasibility to improve MTP technology by degrading the methanol feed. | Lixiang Jiang Chufu Li Ming Xu Aihua Xing Rui Feng Jianjun Wu | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2018，26，10： | 2 |
| 8 | A network lifetime enhancement method for sink relocation and its analysis in wireless sensor networks显示文摘 | Wang Chufu Shih Jauder Pan Bohan | 2014 | IEEE Sensors Journal2014，14，6： | 1 |
| 9 | CO2 emissions from cement industry in China: A bottom-up estimation from factory to regional and national levels显示文摘许多注意正在被给在中国估计水泥相关的公司 2 排出物。然而,欠缺的明确、系统的探索在地区性、国家的公司 2 排放体积上正在被做。这个工作的目的因此是提供一个改进自底向上的空间集成的系统,与在工厂水平的公司 2 排出物相关,从水泥允许 CO 2 排出物的一个更精确的评价生产。基于这个系统,水泥生产线的采样数据作为地区性水平、公民级的信息综合。集成结果证明 clinker 的每吨生产了这个过程,燃料,和电排出物分别地占了 58.70% , 35.97% ,和 5.33% 的 883 kg 公司 2, 。分别地,从 clinker 和水泥生产的公司 2 排出物的体积在 2013 到达了 1202 山和 1284 山。差异在与二个主要生产过程相关的 clinker 排放因素之间被识别(即,预热的新暂停和垂直的柄火炉(VSK )) ,与二种技术的精力效率可能相关。空间特征的分析显示 clinker 排放因素的空间分发主要对应于 NSP 过程的。空间模式的差异大部分遵循了经济和中国的人口分发模式。学习能充满知识差距并且向角色播放器提供应该在中国便于碳和相应地区性的缓解策略的精确评价的一个有用空间集成系统。 | YANG Yan WANG Limao CAO Zhi MOU Chufu SHEN Lei ZHAO Jianan FANG Yebing | 2017 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2017，27，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Studies on pathways to carbon neutrality for indirect coal liquefaction in China显示文摘The production capacity of indirect coal liquefaction(ICL)in use in China has reached a level of 8 million t/a,which corresponds to a carbon footprint of>60 million t/a.ICL is facing mountainous pressure to reduce its carbon emissions when its development is planned with carbon neutrality as a background objective.This paper studies the pathways that can lead to carbon neutrality for ICL in China,constructing four carbon-neutral pathways for ICL systems with the introduction of green hydrogen,biomass as feedstock and with CCS(carbon capture and storage),which can reduce significant carbon emissions from coal-gasification and water-gas shift processes.The carbon-neutral biomass is used to replace some coal as co-feed to gasification and combustion,leading to reduced carbon emissions as well.Calculations and economic analyses are performed on different carbon-reduction pathways using a carbon-neutral ICL system on a 1 million t/a scale as an example.The results are that the pathway of direct coal substitution with biomass is the lowest carbon-reduction route at RMB 31-125/t CO_(2),substitution with green hydrogen costs the highest at RMB 84-422/t CO_(2) and CCS costs are in the middle at RMB 96-148/t CO_(2).Each pathway has its pros and cons,and a combination of the three may be used for the best outcome.Furthermore,a comprehensive study and systematic summation of the critical technological processes and their underlying challenges for carbon-neutral ICL together with direction for a technological breakthrough are presented.These ICL carbon-reduction pathways presented in this paper are capable of realizing an integrated development between fossil and renewable energy sources,helping the carbon-intense coal-chemical industries to achieve their goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. | Chufu Li Yonglong Li Ming Xu Yan Gong Siqi Gong Peng Wang Pingping Li Binqi Dong Zhuowu Men | 2021 | Clean Energy2021，5，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Response of glutamine synthetase isoforms to nitrogen sources in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) roots显示文摘 | Chufu Zhang Shaobing Peng Xinxiang Peng Arlene Q. Chavez John Bennett | 1997 | Plant Science1997，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Performance test of a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell system under high fuel utilization with industrial fuel gas feeding显示文摘As the demand for green energy with high efficiency and low carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions has increased,solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have been intensively developed in recent years.Integrated gasification fuel cells(IGFCs)in particular show potential for large-scale power generation to further increase system efficiency.Thus,for commercial application of IGFCs,it is important to design reliable multi-stacks for large systems that show long-term stability and practical fuel gas for application to industrial equipment.In this work,a test rig(of a 5 kW SOFC system,with syngas from industrial gasifiers as fuel)was fabricated and subjected to long-term tests under high fuel utilization to investigate its performance.The maximum steady output power of the system was 5700 W using hydrogen and 5660 W using syngas and the maximum steady electrical efficiency was 61.24%while the fuel utilization efficiency was 89.25%.The test lasted for more than 500 h as the fuel utilization efficiency was larger than 83%.The performances of each stack tower were almost identical at both the initial stage and after long-term operation.After 500 h operation,the performances of the stack towers decreased only slightly under lower current and showed almost no change under high current.These results demonstrate the reliability of the multi-stack design and the prospect of this SOFC power-generation system for further enlarging its application in a MWth demonstration. | Ming Xu Hanlin Wang Mingxian Liu Jianning Zhao Yuqiong Zhang Pingping Li Mingliang Shi Siqi Gong Zhaohuan Zhang Chufu Li | 2021 | International Journal of Coal Science & Technology2021，8，3： | 0 |
| 13 | Status of an MWth integrated gasification fuel cell powergeneration system in China显示文摘Abstract Here,we provide a status update of an integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)power-generation system being developed at the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon in China at the megawatt thermal(MWth)scale.This system is designed to use coal as fuel to produce syngas as a first step,similar to that employed for the integrated gasification combined cycle.Subsequently,the solid-oxide fuel-cell(SOFC)system is used to convert chemical energy to electricity directly through an electrochemical reaction without combustion.This system leads to higher efficiency as compared with that from a traditional coal-fired power plant.The unreacted fuel in the SOFC system is transported to an oxygencombustor to be converted to steam and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Through a heat-recovery system,the steam is condensed and removed,and CO_(2) is enriched and captured for sequestration or utilization.Comprehensive economic analyses for a typical IGFC system was performed and the results were compared with those for a supercritical pulverized coal-fired power plant.The SOFC stacks selected for IGFC development were tested and qualified under hydrogen and simulated coal syngas fuel.Experimental results using SOFC stacks and thermodynamic analyses indicated that the control of hydrogen/CO ratio of syngas and steam/CO ratio is important to avoid carbon deposition with the fuel pipe.A 20-kW SOFC unit is under development with design power output of 20 kW and DC efficiency of 50.41%.A 100 kW-level subsystem will consist of 6920-kW power-generation units,and the MWth IGFC system will consist of 59100 kWlevel subsystems. | Chang Wei Zhien Liu Chufu Li Surinder Singh Haoren Lu Yudong Gong Pingping Li Hanlin Wang Xia Yang Ming Xu Shujun Mu | 2021 | International Journal of Coal Science & Technology2021，8，3： | 0 |
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