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| 1 | 极高强度他汀治疗对冠状动脉粥样硬化消退的影响——ASTEROID试验显示文摘背景:以前的血管内超声(intravascular ultrasound,IVUS)试验证实,他汀治疗可减缓或阻止动脉粥样硬化的进展,但是迄今尚无应用动脉粥样斑块体积百分比(percent atheroma volume,PAV)证实粥样硬化消退的确切证据。PAV是最严格的评价病变进展和消退的IVUS测量指标。
目标:评价极高强度他汀治疗是否能逆转IVUS确定的冠状动脉粥样硬化。
设计和地点:于美国、加拿大、欧洲和澳大利亚53个社区和3级保健中心进行前瞻性开标盲法终点试验(A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Rosuvastatin on Intravascular Ultrasound-Derived Coronary Atheroma Burden,ASTEROID)。应用马达驱动回撤IVUS评价基线和治疗24个月时冠状动脉粥样斑块负荷。每对基线和随访IVUS测量结果均进行盲法分析。
病例:从2002年11月到2003年10月,507例患者有基线IVUS检查结果,并接受至少1个剂量的研究药物。在24个月后,349例患者具有可用于评估的系列IVUS检查结果。
干预:所有患者均接受瑞舒伐他汀40ms/d强化治疗。
主要观测指标:预先设定了两个一级疗效指标:PAV变化和基线最严重病变10min节段动脉粥样斑块体积变化。二级疗效指标为整个动脉标准化总斑块体积的变化。结果:平均(SD)LDL—C水平由基线时的130.4(34.3)ms/dL降至60.8(20.0)ms/扎,平均下降了53.2%(P〈0.001)。平均(SD)HDL-C水平从基线时的43.1(11.1)ms/dL升至49.0(12.6)ms/dL,平均增加了14.7%(P〈0.001)。整个血管PAV平均(SD)变化为-0.98%(3.15%),中位数为-0.79%(97.5%CI,-1.21%~-0.53%)(与基线比较,P〈0.001)。最严重病变10min节段斑块体积平均(SD)变化为-6.1(10.1)mm^3,中位数为-5.6mm^3(97.5%CI,-6.8~-4.0mm^3)(与基线比较,P〈0.001)。总斑块体积变化中位数降低了6.8%,平均减少了-14.7(25.7)mm^3,中位数为-12.5mm^3(95%CI,-15.1~-10.5mm^3)(与基线比较,P〈0.001)。不良事件少见,与其他他汀试验相似。
结论:应用瑞舒伐他汀40ms/d进行极高强度他汀治疗可使LDL-C平均水平达到60.8ms/dL,使HDL—C增加14.7%。这导致所有3个预先设定的IVUS斑块负荷指标均显示动脉粥样硬化消退。因此,将LDL-C降至低于目前指南规定的水平,同时显著提高HDL-C,可以使冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化斑块消退。这些变化对临床预后的影响尚需进一步研究确定。 | Steven E. Nissen Stephen J. Nicholls Ilks Sipahi Peter Libby Joel S. Raichlen Christie M. Ballantyne Jean Davignon Raimund Erbel Jean Charles Fruchart Jean-Claude Tardif Paul Schoenhagen Tim Crowe Valerie Cain Kathy Wolski Marlene Coormastic E. Murat Tuzcu 仝其广(译) 王淑敏(译) 胡大一(校) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006，25，4： | 341 |
| 2 | Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar显示文摘Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic(As) and cadmium(Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3–16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from 0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid(from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd. | Pengjie Hu Younan Ouyang Longhua Wu Libo Shen Yongming Luo Peter Christie | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，1： | 43 |
| 3 | Yield and Nicotine Content of Flue-Cured Tobacco as Affected by Soil Nitrogen Mineralization显示文摘Nitrogen(N)supply is the most important factor affecting yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco(FCT).A field experiment and an in situ incubation method were used to study the effects of soil N mineralization in the later stages of growth on yield and nicotine content of FCT in Fenggang and Jinsha,Guizhou Province.The yield and market value of FCT at Fenggang were much lower than those at Jinsha.However,the nicotine content of middle and upper leaves was much higher at Fenggang than at Jinsha when the same rate of fertilizer N was applied,which might be due to a higher N supply capacity at the Fenggang site.At later stages of growth(7-16 weeks after transplanting),the soil net N mineralization at Fenggang(56 kg N ha^(-1))was almost double that at Jinsha(30 kg N ha^(-1)).While soil NH_4-N and NO_3-N were almost exhausted by the plants or leached 5 weeks after transplanting,the N taken up at the later growth stages at Fenggang were mainly derived from soil N mineralization,which contributed to a high nicotine content in the upper leaves.The order of soil N contribution to N buildup in different leaves was:upper leaves>middle leaves>lower leaves.Thus,soil N mineralization at late growth stages was an important factor affecting N accumulation and therefore the nicotine content in the upper leaves. | JU Xiao-Tang CHAO Feng-Chun LI Chun-Jian JIANG Rong-Feng P. CHRISTIE ZHANG Fu-Suo | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，2： | 39 |
| 4 | MicroRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of colorectal cancer: From bench to bedside显示文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulated expression of many miRNAs have been shown to mediate the signaling pathways critical in the multistep carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC). MiR NAs are stable and protected from RNase-mediated degradation, thereby enabling its detection in biological fluids and archival tissues for biomarker studies. This review focuses on the role and application of miRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of CRC. While stage Ⅱ CRC is potentially curable by surgical resection, a significant percentage of stage Ⅱ CRC patients do develop recurrence. MiRNA biomarkers may be used to stratify such high-risk population for adjuvant chemotherapy to provide better prognoses. Growing evidence also suggests that miRNAs are involved in the metastatic process of CRC. Certain of these miRNAs may thus be used as prognostic biomarkers to identify patients more likely to have micro-metastasis, who could be monitored more closely after surgery and/or given more aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapy severely hinders successful chemotherapy in CRC treatment. Predictive miRNA biomarkers for response to chemotherapy may identify patients who will benefit the most from a particular regimen and also spare the patients from unnecessary side effects. Selection of patients to receive the new targeted therapy is becoming possible with the use of predictive miRNA biomarkers. Lastly, forced expression of tumor suppressor miRNA or silencing of oncogenic miRNA in tumors by gene therapy can also be adopted to treat CRC alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. | Kenneth KW To Christy WS Tong Mingxia Wu William CS Cho | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，27： | 29 |
| 5 | Tolerance of Grasses to Heavy Metals and Microbial Functional Diversity in Soils Contaminated with Copper Mine Tailings显示文摘Copper(Cu) mine tailings,because of their high content of heavy metals,are usually hostile to plant colonization.A pot experiment was conducted to determine the tolerance of four forage grasses to heavy metals in Cu mine tailings and to examine the variation in the microbial functional diversity of soils from the tailing sites in southern China.All the four grass species survived on Cu mine tailings and Cu mine tailing-soil mixture.However,on pure mine tailings,the growth was minimal,whereas the growth was maximum for the control without mine tailings.The tolerance of grasses to heavy metals followed the sequence:Paspalum notatum > Festuca arundinacea > Lolium perenne > Cynodon dactylon.The planting of forage grasses enhanced the soil microbial biomass.The Biolog data indicated that the soil microbial metabolic profile values(average well color development,community richness,and Shannon index) of the four forage grasses also followed the sequence:P.notatum > F.arundinacea > L.perenne > C.dactylon.Thus,P.notatum,under the experimental conditions of this study,may be considered as the preferred plant species for revegetation of Cu mine tailing areas. | TENG Ying LUO Yong-Ming HUANG Chang-Yong LONG Jian LI Zhen-Gao P. CHRISTIE | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，3： | 19 |
| 6 | Isolation and Identification of a Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate-Degrading Bacterium and Its Role in the Bioremediation of a Contaminated Soil显示文摘Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) is a high-molecular-weight phthalate ester(PAE) that has been widely used in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride and contributes to environmental pollution.The objectives of the present study were to isolate a DEHP degrader that can utilize DEHP as a carbon source and to investigate its capacity to biodegrade DEHP in both liquid culture and soil.A bacterial strain WJ4 was isolated from an intensively managed vegetable soil,which was contaminated with PAEs.The strain WJ4 was affiliated to the genus Rhodococcus and was able to remove DEHP from soil effectively.A period of only 7 d was required to degrade about 96.4%of DEHP(200 mg L^(-1)) in the liquid culture,and more than 55%of DEHP(1.0 g kg^(-1)) in the artificially contaminated soil was removed within 21 d.Furthermore,Rhodococcus sp.strain WJ4 had a strong ability to degrade DEHP without additional nutrients in liquid minimal medium culture and DEHP-contaminated soil and to degrade the homologue of DEHP in both liquid culture and soil.Strain WJ4 represents a novel tool for removing PAEs from contaminated soils and it may have great potential for application in the remediation of environmental pollution by PAEs. | WANG Jun ZHANG Man-Yun CHEN Ting ZHU Ye TENG Ying LUO Yong-Ming Peter CHRISTIE | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，2： | 18 |
| 7 | Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus显示文摘arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM ) 的效果真菌(血管球 mosseae ) 和砷上的磷(P) 增加(100 mg/kg 土壤)( 作为) 由从污染言论集的土壤的玉米植物(Zea mays L.) 的举起在一个温室被检验 experiment.Non-mycorrhizal 和 zero-P 增加控制被包括。植物生物资源和集中和举起作为, P,和另外的营养素, AMcolonization,根长度,和菌丝的长度密度被决定。结果显示 P 的增加显著地禁止了根殖民和两个都在 thezero-P 处理,而是 AM 植物的射击和根生物资源下面与 mycorrhizal 殖民显著地增加的 extraradicalmycelium.Root 长度和干燥重量的开发被 P application.AM 压抑真菌的接种减少了当没有 P 被增加时,作为集中射击,并且 AM 植物的射击和根 Asconcentrations 与 P 增加, P 的 respectively.Shoot 和根举起, Mn , Cu ,和增加的 Zn 增加了 2.6 和 1.4 次,但是射击 Fe 举起在44.6%减少了与接种,当 Pwas added.P 增加减少了时,射击 P , Fe , Mn , AM 植物的 Cu ,和 Zn 举起,而是增加的根 Fe andMn nonmycorrhizal ones.AM 殖民的举起因此看起来提高植物忍耐到是在低 P 然而,为 As-contaminatedsoil 的 phytostabilization 玷污,并且有一些潜力 P 申请可以由增加土壤 Asmobility 介绍另外的环境风险。 | XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE Peter SMITH F Andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin | 2007 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2007，19，10： | 18 |
| 8 | Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China Plain显示文摘In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen (N) supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N (TN) and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-insoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased (P < 0.05) hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms. | JU Xiao-Tang LIU Xue-Jun ZHANG Fu-Suo P. CHRISTIE | 2006 | Pedosphere2006，16，2： | 16 |
| 9 | 生物质炭对土壤中重金属形态和迁移性的影响及作用机制显示文摘生物质炭是生物质原料在缺氧条件下经高温裂解而成的一种固体产物,它们在土壤重金属污染修复中的应用是当前环境研究的热点之一。对目前生物质炭研究的进展进行了综述,阐明了生物质炭施入土壤可通过物理吸附、离子吸附、离子交换、沉淀络合等交互作用机制,显著降低土壤重金属的有效态,减少它们在环境介质中的迁移性,从而降低土壤重金属的生物毒性。但是生物质炭的研究仍然存在许多问题,特别是如何增强它们在土壤环境中对重金属离子钝化的稳定性、长效性以及生物质炭—土壤—作物—人体健康风险一体化研究等方面,仍需要持续深入研究。 | 张建云 高才慧 朱晖 钟水根 杨纹砚 郑均泷 吴胜春 单胜道 王志荣 张进 曹志洪 Peter CHRISTIE | 2017 | 浙江农林大学学报2017，34，3： | 14 |
| 10 | Acid suppressive drugs and gastric cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the association between acid suppressive drug use and the development of gastric cancer. METHODS: A systematic search of relevant studies that were published through June 2012 was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The search included observational studies on the use of histamine 2-receptor antagonists (H 2 RAs) or proton pump inhibitors and the associated risk of gastric cancer, which was measured using the adjusted odds ratio (OR) or the relative risk and 95%CI. An independent extraction was performed by two of the authors, and a consensus was reached. RESULTS: Of 4595 screened articles, 11 observational studies (n = 94558) with 5980 gastric cancer patients were included in the final analyses. When all the studies were pooled, acid suppressive drug use was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.29-1.56, I2 = 48.9%, P = 0.034). The overall risk of gastric cancer increased among H 2 RA users (adjusted OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.24-1.59, I2 = 59.5%, P = 0.008) and PPI users (adjusted OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.19-1.64, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.377). CONCLUSION: Acid suppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Further studies are needed to test the effect of acid suppressive drugs on gastric cancer. | Jeong Soo Ahn Chun-Sick Eom Christie Y Jeon Sang Min Park | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，16： | 12 |
| 11 | In Vivo Phosphorylation Site Mapping and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Phototropin 1显示文摘Phototropins (phot1 和 phot2 ) 是控制优化植物的光合的效率的回答的一个范围的蓝光的受体 kinases。察觉到的光被二个黄素绑定主题调停,作为 LOV1 和 LOV2 知道,在蛋白质的 N 终端区域以内定位了。经由 LOV2 的 Photoexcitation 导致 C 终端 kinase 领域并且因而的激活受体 autophosphorylation。然而,为 Arabidopsis phototropins 的 in-vivo phosphorylation 地点的知识在阐明正在缺乏并且阻碍了进步受体 phosphorylation 的功能的意义。我们从 Arabidopsis 净化了 phot1 并且由液体层析双人脚踏车团 spectrometry 识别了受体 phosphorylation 的 in-vivo 地点。导出 Arabidopsis 的 phot1 作为色基绑黄素 mononucleotide 并且是在 LOV2 (Ser58, Ser85, Ser350,和 Ser410 ) 在上游的定位的四个主要地点的 phosphorylated。不过,结构功能分析显示 phot1 的生物活动能被归因于包括蛋白质的 LOV2-kinase 区域的一个模块化的单位。因此,包括这里识别的受体 phosphorylation 的地点, LOV2 在上游的肽区域不看起来为受体发信号重要。由对比,这些区域可能为最大化是必要的有气孔的性能和 phot1 的可能导致光的本地化。 | Stuart Sullivan Catriona E. Thomson Douglas J. Lamont Matthew A. Jones John M. Christie | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，1： | 11 |
| 12 | 铝合金及铝金属基复合材料搅拌摩擦焊接工艺的研究进展显示文摘焊接在汽车、航空航天、机器人、建筑等行业具有重要的作用。这些行业常用非焊接方法制造很多铝合金零部件或系统。然而,由于不可热处理合金的存在、孔隙、凝固和熔融裂纹等因素,铝合金的熔焊具有挑战性。许多制造商采用传统的空气搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)焊接合金和异质材料,也有许多研究报道关于该传统FSW技术在焊接金属和聚合物材料,尤其是铝合金和铝基复合材料方面的缺点。近年来,为了克服传统FSW技术焊接铝合金的缺点,开发出很多其他FSW技术,例如水下搅拌摩擦焊(UFSW)和振动搅拌摩擦焊(VFSW)等。本文综述了近年来铝合金及铝基复合材料(AlMMCs)搅拌摩擦焊接工艺的研究进展,讨论了传统的FSW技术和最先进的FSW工艺参数对铝合金和铝基复合材料焊接质量和强度的影响,并比较了每种方法的优缺点。VFSW在能源效率和经济成本方面具有优势,并可根据应用情况进行多种改进,是焊接铝接头的一种可行的选择。然而,目前对Al MMCs搅拌摩擦焊的研究明显较少,这应给予足够的关注。 | John VICTOR CHRISTY Abdel-Hamid ISMAIL MOURAD Muhammad M.SHERIF B.SHIVAMURTHY | 2021 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2021，31，11： | 11 |
| 13 | Methyl-β-cyclodextrin enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated microbial activity in contaminated soil显示文摘The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widespread environmental problem and the remediation of PAHs from these areas has been a major concern. The effectiveness of many in situ bioremediation systems may be constrained by low contaminant bioavailability due to limited aqueous solubility or a large magnitude of sorption. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) on bioaugmentation by Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2 of an aged PAH-contaminated soil. When 10% (W/W) MCD amendment was combined with bioaugmentation by the PAH-degrading bacterium Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2, the percentage degradation of total PAHs was significantly enhanced up to 34.8%. Higher counts of culturable PAH- degrading bacteria and higher soil dehydrogenase and soil polyphenol oxidase activities were observed in 10% (W/W) MCD-assisted bioaugmentation soil. This MCD-assisted bioaugmentation strategy showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in the average well color development (AWCD) obtained by the BIOLOG Eco plate assay, Shannon-Weaver index (H) and Simpson index (λ) compared with the controls, implying that this strategy at least partially restored the microbiological functioning of the PAH-contaminated soil. The results suggest that MCD-aided bioaugmentation by Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2 may be a promising practical bioremediation strategy for aged PAH-contaminated soils. | Peter Christie | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，5： | 10 |
| 14 | Metal concentrations and mycorrhizal status of plants colonizing copper mine tailings: potential for revegetation显示文摘A field survey of metal concentrations and mycorrhizal status of plants growing on copper mine tailings was conducted in Anhui Province, China. Available phosphorus and organic matter in the tailings were very low. High concentrations of Pb, Zn, As and Cd as well as Cu were observed on some sites. The dominant plants growing on mine tailings belonged to the families Gramineae and Compositae, and the most widely distributed plant species were Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum. Coreopsis drummondii also grew well on the arid sites but not on wet sites. Very low or zero arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization was observed in most of the plants, but extensive mycorrhizal colonization was recorded in the roots of C. drummondii and C. dactylon. Metal concentrations in plant tissues indicated that l.cylindrica and P. distichum utilized avoidance mechanisms to survive at high metal concentrations. The investigation suggests that remediation and revegetation of heavy metal contaminated sites might be facilitated by selection of tolerant plant species. Isolation of tolerant AM fungi may also be warranted. | CHRISTIE Peter | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，z1： | 9 |
| 15 | Effects of long-term fertilizer applications on peanut yield and quality and plant and soil heavy metal accumulation显示文摘The status of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in soils and crops can be affected by long-term fertilization practices. This study aimed to investigate changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and kernel quality, and changes in copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)concentrations in soil and peanut kernels after 16 years of continuous cropping with different fertilization treatments. Five fertilization treatments were applied at a red soil site in Southeast China:chemical fertilizer (F) containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, F+trace elements (FT), pig manure (M), M+effective microorganisms (MB), and MB+trace elements (MBT). Properties of soil and pig manure, heavy metal contents in soil and peanut kernels, and the compositions of amino and fatty acids in kernels were determined. Application of pig manure significantly increased peanut biomass, kernel yield, and crude protein and total amino acid contents in kernels, but led to higher amounts of Cu, Zn, and Cd in soil and higher amounts of Zn and Cd in peanut kernels compared with that of chemical fertilizer. There should be greater concern about potential kernel Cd and Zn contaminations resulting from long-term application of pig manure contaminated with potentially toxic metals as an organic fertilizer. | Xiaobing WANG Wuxing LIU Zhengao LI Ying TENG Peter CHRISTIE Yongming LUO | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，4： | 9 |
| 16 | Response of Tomato on Calcareous Soils to Different Seedbed Phosphorus Application Rates显示文摘Field experiments were conducted with five rates (0, 75, 150, 225, and 450 kg P2O5 ha-1) of seedbed P fertilizer application to investigate the yield of tomato in response to fertilizer P rate on calcareous soils with widely different levels of Olsen P (13-142 mg kg-1) at 15 sites in some suburban counties of Beijing in 1999. Under the condition of no P fertilizer application, tomato yield generally increased with an increase in soil test P levels, and the agronomic level for soil testing P measured with Olsen method was 50 or 82 mg kg-1 soil to achieve 85% or 95% of maximum tomato yield, respectively. With regard to marketable yield, in the fields where Olsen-P levels were < 50 mg kg-1, noticeable responses to applied P were observed. On the basis of a linear plateau regression, the optimum seedbed P application rate in the P-insufficient fields was 125 kg P2O5 ha-1 or about 1.5-2 times the P removal from harvested tomato plants. In contrast, in fields with moderate (50 < Olsen P < 90 mg kg-1) or high (Olsen P > 90 mg kg-1) available P, there was no marked effect on tomato fruit yield. Field survey data indicated that in most fields with conventional P management, a P surplus typically occurred. Thus, once the soil test P level reached the optimum for crop yield, it was recommended that P fertilizer application be restricted or eliminated to minimize negative environmental effects. | ZHANG Xiao-Sheng LIAO Hong CHEN Qing P. CHRISTIE LI Xiao-Lin ZHANG Fu-Suo | 2007 | Pedosphere2007，17，1： | 8 |
| 17 | Adsorption and desorption characteristics of diphenylarsenicals in two contrasting soils显示文摘Diphenylarsinic acid(DPAA) is formed during the leakage of aromatic arsenic chemical weapons in soils,is persistent in nature,and results in arsenic contamination in the field.The adsorption and desorption characteristics of DPAA were investigated in two typical Chinese soils,an Acrisol(a variable-charge soil) and a Phaeozem(a constant-charge soil).Their thermodynamics and some of the factors influencing them(i.e.,initial pH value,ionic strength and phosphate) were also evaluated using the batch method in order to understand the environmental fate of DPAA in soils.The results indicate that Acrisol had a stronger adsorption capacity for DPAA than Phaeozem.Soil DPAA adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process and the amount of DPAA adsorbed was affected significantly by variation in soil pH and phosphate.In contrast,soil organic matter and ionic strength had no significant effect on adsorption.This suggests that DPAA adsorption may be due to specific adsorption on soil mineral surfaces.Therefore,monitoring the fate of DPAA in soils is recommended in areas contaminated by leakage from chemical weapons. | Anan Wang Shixin Li Ying Teng Wuxin Liu Longhua Wu Haibo Zhang Yujuan Huang Yongming Luo Peter Christie | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013，25，6： | 8 |
| 18 | A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid esters in contaminated soils显示文摘An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/ QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di-n-butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10-0.31 μg·L-1 and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20-70 μg· kg -1 to a range of 90-290 μg· kg-1. Lineal-iVy of response between 20 μg· L-1 and 2mg.L~ was also established and the correlation coefficients (R) were a11〉0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China. | Tingting MA Ying TENG Peter CHRISTIE Yongming LUO Yongshan CHEN Mao YE | 2013 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2013，7，1： | 8 |
| 19 | Responses of Greenhouse Tomato and Pepper Yields and Nitrogen Dynamics to Applied Compound Fertilizers显示文摘Yield and N uptake of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crops in five successive rotations receiving two compound fertilizers (12-12-17 and 21-8-11 N-P2O5-K2O) were studied to determine 1)crop responses,2) dynamics of NO3-N and NH4-N in different soil layers,3) N balance and 4) system-level N efficiencies.Five treatments (2 fertilizers,2 fertilizer rates and a control),each with three replicates,were arranged in the study.The higher N fertilizer rate,300 kg N ha-1 (versus 150 kg N ha-i),returned higher vegetable fruit yields and total aboveground N uptake with the largest crop responses occurring for the low-N fertilizer (12-12-17) applied at 300 kg N ha-1 rather than with the high-N fertilizer (21-8-11). Ammonium-N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile declined during the experiment,while nitrate-N remained at a similar level throughout the experiment with the lower rate of fertilizer N.At the higher rate of N fertilizer there was a continuous NO3-N accumulation of over 800 kg N ha-1. About 200 kg N ha-1 was applied with irrigation to each crop using NO3-contaminated groundwater. In general,about 50% of the total N input was recovered from all treatments. Pepper,relative to tomato,used N more efficiently with smaller N losses,but the crops utilized less than 29% of the fertilizer N over the two and a half-year period. Local agricultural practices maintained high residual soil nutrient status. Thus,optimization of irrigation is required to minimize nitrate leaching and maximize crop N recovery. | ZHUJian-Hua LIXiao-Lin ZHANGFu-Suo LIJun-Liang P,CHRISTIE P.CHRISTIE | 2004 | Pedosphere2004，14，2： | 8 |
| 20 | Effect of Silicon on Growth, Physiology, and Cadmium Translocation of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil显示文摘Silicon(Si) offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium(Cd) stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study the role of Si in alleviating Cd toxicity in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants on a yellow soil taken from Guiyang, China. Nine treatments consisting of three concentrations of Cd(0, 1, and 5 mg kg^(-1)) together with three Si levels(0, 1, and 4 g kg^(-1)) were established. Plant growth parameters, Cd concentration,and the malondialdehyde(MDA), chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were determined 100 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings.Application of exogenous Si enhanced the growth of tobacco plants under Cd stress. When 5 mg kg^(-1) Cd was added, Si addition at 1 and 4 g kg^(-1) increased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 26.1%–43.3%, 33.7%–43.8%, and 50.8%–69.9%, respectively, compared to Si addition at 0 g kg^(-1). With Si application, the transfer factor of Cd in tobacco from root to shoot under both 1 and 5 mg kg^(-1) Cd treatments decreased by 21%. The MDA contents in the Si-treated tobacco plants declined by 5.5%–17.1% compared to those in the non-Si-treated plants, indicating a higher Cd tolerance. Silicon application also increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 33.9%–41% and 25.8%–47.3% compared to the Cd only treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Si application can alleviate Cd toxicity to tobacco by decreasing Cd partitioning in the shoots and MDA levels and by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, thereby contributing to lowering the potential health risks of Cd contamination. | LU Yingang MA Jun TENG Ying HE Juny Peter CHRISTIE ZHU Lingjia REN Wenjie ZHANG Manyun Shiping DENG | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，4： | 7 |
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