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| 1 | Solutions for submucosal injection: What to choose and how to do it显示文摘During the past decades, endoscopic resection techniques have gradually improved and gained more importance for the management of premalignant lesions and early cancers. These endoscopic resection techniques can be divided in 3 major groups: snare polipectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). The use of submucosal injection is essential for the majority of EMR techniques and is an integral part of ESD,whereas during polipectomy it is not crucial in most cases except to prevent bleeding in large polyps and/or those with large stalks as an alternative to mechanical methods. Injection provides a lifting up effect of the lesion separating it from the muscular layer, thereby reducing thermal injury and the risk of perforation and bleeding while also facilitating en-bloc resection by improving technical feasibility. With this work, we aim to review the most common endoscopic resection techniques and the importance of submucosal injection in each one of them. For that, we present some of the most commonly used submucosal injection solutions, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss, based on current recommendations and our own experience, how and when to preform submucosal injection, depending on lesions features and endoscopic resection technique that′s being used, to assure complete resection and to prevent associated adverse events. Finally, we also present and discuss some new proposed submucosal injection solutions,endoscopic resection techniques and devices that may have a major impact on the future of therapeutic endoscopy. | Rui Castro Diogo Libanio Inês Pita Mário Dinis-Ribeiro | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，7： | 13 |
| 2 | Thalidomide induces mucosal healing in Crohn's disease: Case report显示文摘Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is defi ned by relapsing and remitting episodes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) appears to play a central role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Standard therapies for inflammatory bowel disease fail to induce remission in about 30% of patients. Biological therapies have been associated with an increased incidence of infections, especially infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent with anti-TNF-α properties. Recent studies have suggested that thalidomide is effective in refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease. Thalidomide costimulates T lymphocytes, with greater effect on CD8+ than on CD4+ T cells, which contributes to the protective immune response to Mtb infection. We present a case of Crohn's disease with gastric, ileal, colon and rectum involvement as well as steroid dependency, which progressed with loss of response to infliximabafter three years of therapy. The thorax computed tomography scan demonstrated a pulmonary nodule suspected to be Mtb infection. The patient was started on thalidomide therapy and exhibited an excellent response. | Márcio Rios Leite Sandra Sousa Santos André Castro Lyra Jaciane Mota Genoile Oliveira Santana | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，45： | 9 |
| 3 | Assessment of vascular invasion in gastric cancer: A comparative study显示文摘AIM: To evaluate and compare detection of lymphatic and blood vessel invasion (LVI and BVI) by hematox-ylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in gastric cancer specimens, and to correlate with lymph node status. METHODS: IHC using D2-40 (a lymphatic endothelial marker) and CD34 (a pan-endothelial marker) was performed to study LVI and BVI in surgical specimens froma consecutive series of 95 primary gastric cancer cases. The results of the IHC study were compared with the detection by HE using McNemar test and kappa index. The morphologic features of the tumors and the presence of LVI and BVI were related to the presence of lymph node metastasis. A χ2 test was performed to obtain associations between LVI and BVI and other prognostic factors for gastric cancer. RESULTS: The detection rate of LVI was considerably higher than that of BVI. The IHC study identified eight false-positive cases and 13 false-negative cases for LVI, and 24 false-positive cases and 10 false-negative cases for BVI. The average Kappa value determined was moderate for LVI (k=0.50) and low for BVI (k=0.20). Both LVI and BVI were statistically associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (HE: P=0.001, P=0.013, and IHC: P=0.001, P=0.019). The mor-phologic features associated with LVI were location of the tumor in the distal third of the stomach (P=0.039), Borrmann's macroscopic type (P=0.001), organ inva-sion (P=0.03) and the depth of tumor invasion (P=0.001). The presence of BVI was related only to the depth of tumor invasion (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic and blood vessels is useful for increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis of vessel invasion and for predicting lymph node metastasis. | Letícia Trivellato Gresta Ismael Alves Rodrigues-Júnior Lúcia Porto Fonseca de Castro Geovanni Dantas Cassali Mnica Maria Demas lva-res Cabral | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，24： | 8 |
| 4 | Glycogenic hepatopathy:A narrative review显示文摘Glycogenic hepatopathy(GH) is a rare complication of the poorly controlled diabetes mellitus characterized by the transient liver dysfunction with elevated liver enzymes and associated hepatomegaly caused by the reversible accumulation of excess glycogen in the hepatocytes. It is predominantly seen in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus and rarely reported in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it was first observed in the pediatric population, since then, it has been reported in adolescents and adults with or without ketoacidosis. The association of GH with hyperglycemia in diabetes has not been well established. One of the essential elements in the pathophysiology of development of GH is the wide fluctuation in both glucose and insulin levels. GH and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) are clinically indistinguishable, and latter is more prevalent in diabetic patients and can progress to advanced liver disease and cirrhosis. Gradient dual-echo MRI can distinguish GH from NAFLD; however, GH can reliably be diagnosed only by liver biopsy. Adequate glycemic control can result in complete remission of clinical, laboratory and histological abnormalities. There has been a recent report of varying degree of liver fibrosis identified in patients with GH. Future studies are required to understand the biochemical defects underlying GH, noninvasive, rapid diagnostic tests for GH, and to assess the consequence of the fibrosis identified as severe fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis. Awareness of this entity in the medical community including specialists is low. Here we briefly reviewed the English literature on pathogenesis involved, recent progress in the evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management. | Jagannath M Sherigar Joline De Castro Yong Mei Yin Debra Guss Smruti R Mohanty | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，2： | 7 |
| 5 | Fecal immunochemical test accuracy in average-risk colorectal cancer screening显示文摘AIM:To assess the fecal immunochemical test(FIT)accuracy for colorectal cancer(CRC)and advanced neoplasia(AN)detection in CRC screening.METHODS:We performed a multicentric,prospective,double blind study of diagnostic tests on asymptomatic average-risk individuals submitted to screening colonoscopy.Two stool samples were collected and the fecal hemoglobin concentration was determined in the first sample(FIT1)and the highest level of both samples(FITmax)using the OC-sensor.Areas under the curve(AUC)for CRC and AN were calculated.The best FIT1and FITmax cut-off values for CRC were determined.At this threshold,number needed to scope(NNS)to detect a CRC and an AN and the cost per lesion detected were calculated.RESULTS:About 779 individuals were included.An AN was found in 97(12.5%)individuals:a CRC in 5(0.6%)and an advanced adenoma(≥10 mm,villous histology or high grade dysplasia)in 92(11.9%)subjects.For CRC diagnosis,FIT1 AUC was 0.96(95%CI:0.95-0.98)and FITmax AUC was 0.95(95%CI:0.93-0.97).For AN,FIT1 and FITmax AUC were similar(0.72,95%CI:0.66-0.78 vs 0.73,95%CI:0.68-0.79,respectively,P=0.34).Depending on the number of determinations and the positivity threshold cut-off used sensitivity for AN detection ranged between 28%and 42%and specificity between 91%and 97%.At the best cut-off point for CRC detection(115 ng/mL),the NNS to detect a CRC were 10.2 and 15.8;and the cost per CRC was 1814€and 2985€on FIT1 and FITmax strategies respectively.At this threshold the sensitivity,NNS and cost per AN detected were 30%,1.76,and 306€,in FIT1 strategy,and 36%,2.26€and 426€,in FITmax strategy,respectively.CONCLUSION:Performing two tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy,but increases cost and NNS to detect a lesion. | Vicent Hernandez Joaquin Cubiella M Carmen Gonzalez-Mao Felipe Iglesias Concepción Rivera M Begoa Iglesias Lucía Cid Ines Castro Luisa de Castro Pablo Vega Jose Antonio Hermo Ramiro Macenlle Alfonso Martínez-Turnes David Martínez-Ares Pamela Estevez Estela Cid M Carmen Vidal Angeles López-Martínez Elisabeth Hijona Marta Herreros-Villanueva Luis Bujanda Jose Ignacio Rodriguez-Prada the COLONPREV study investigators | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，4： | 4 |
| 6 | 中阿40m射电望远镜选址与电磁环境监测显示文摘优良站址的选择是射电望远镜完成既定科学目标并实现高效运行的重要保障。影响射电望远镜选址的主要因素包括电磁环境、水文、气象、地质条件、隔离性与可及性等。对于射电天文观测而言,来自宇宙天体的射电信号往往极其微弱,对望远镜系统及设备的灵敏度要求极高。然而,随着人类活动的不断加强,人们日常工作和生活中使用的电子通讯设备越来越多,无线电干扰源呈爆炸式涌现。在射电望远镜选址工作中,进行电磁环境监测,选择一个电磁环境良好的站址,对于射电望远镜实现常规观测运行、获取有效数据资料至关重要。同时,电磁环境监测结果也是射电望远镜接收机系统研制、站址电磁环境及无线电宁静区立法保护的重要依据。中阿天文学者和技术人员历时1年半完成了16个候选站址的初步勘察,并对优选出的3个主要候选站址进行了深入细致的电磁环境监测工作,获得了大量可靠数据。中阿双方依据电磁环境监测结果并结合各主要候选站址的水文、气象、地质及道路等条件,最终将位于Talacasto戈壁的3号候选站址确定为中阿CART射电望远镜的建设站点。 | 赵卫普 李建斌 李金增 孙建民 齐力 罗滔 马晓耘 莫铠玮 李鹏程 夏跃兵 MALLAMACI C C PODESTA R C PACHECO A M ACTIS E CASTRO J I ALVIS R H LOPEZ C E FRANCILE C PODESTA F PEREZ J | 2014 | 天文学进展2014，32，3： | 4 |
| 7 | 甲状腺结节:基于甲状腺癌风险评估的诊断性评价显示文摘甲状腺结节十分常见,通过灵敏的影像学检查在一般人群中的检出率可达到60%以上。大多数患者没有甲状腺相关的临床症状,他们通常在因其他不适就诊检查时发现甲状腺结节。盲目对甲状腺结节进行活检可能造成甲状腺癌的过度诊断,但未能充分完善甲状腺结节活检也可能导致临床漏诊甲状腺癌。最近的临床指南提倡在甲状腺癌风险评估的基础上采用更保守的方法来评估甲状腺结节,即通过临床和超声征象决定活检的必要性。此外,最新证据表明,对于活检无法得出确切结论者,可以通过超声风险分层或其他辅助检查(分子标记物、甲状腺细胞学第二诊疗意见)的联合评估进一步明确甲状腺癌的风险和管理策略。本文总结了对甲状腺结节进行充分评估的临床意义,重点介绍了与明确甲状腺癌风险的诊断性试验相关的临床证据,并强调了在甲状腺癌风险不确定时,考虑患者的价值观和选择倾向的重要性。 | Naykky Singh Ospina Nicole M Iniguez-Ariza M Regina Castro 杨思珏 叶绮婷(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 3 |
| 8 | Six-minute walking test performance is associated with survival in cirrhotic patients显示文摘BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,with resulting cardiac dysfunction and exercise limitations.Six minute walking test(6MWT)assesses functional status and predicts morbidity and mortality in cardiopulmonary diseases.AIM To determine if it associates with mortality by analyzing 6MWT performance in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS A cohort of 106 cirrhotic patients was evaluated in the outpatient setting with echocardiogram and 6MWT and follow up for one year to document hepatic decompensation and mortality.The distance in meters was recorded at the end of 6 min(6MWD).RESULTS This cohort had a mean age of 51 years and 56%male;patients were staged as Child A in 21.7%,B 66%and C 12.3%.Walk distance inversely correlated with Child scores,and was significantly reduced as Child stages progresses.Patients who died(10.4%)showed shorter mean 6MWD(P=0.006).Low 6MWD was an independent predictor of mortality(P=0.01).CONCLUSION 6MWT is a noninvasive inexpensive test whose result is related to Child scores and mortality.It is useful to identify patients with liver cirrhosis at high risk of mortality for closer monitoring and potential early intervention. | Carolina Frade M G Pimentel Ana Cristina de Castro Amaral Adriano Miziara Gonzalez Michelle Lai Danielde Oliveira Mota Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz Wilson Mathias Junior Mario Kondo | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，11： | 2 |
| 9 | Use of a fuzzy machine learning technique in the knowledge acquisition process显示文摘 | Castro J L Castro-Schez J J Zurita J M | 2001 | Fuzzy Sets and Systems2001，123，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Susceptibility Genetic Variants Associated With Colorectal Cancer Risk Correlate With Cancer Phenotype显示文摘 | Anna Abulí Xavier Bessa Juan Ramón González Clara Ruiz–Ponte Alejandro Cáceres Jenifer Mu?oz Victoria Gonzalo Francesc Balaguer Ceres Fernández–Rozadilla Dolors González Luisa de Castro Juan Clofent Luís Bujanda Joaquín Cubiella Josep M a Re?é Juan Diego | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of early-stage gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma:An up-to-date meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma(GML)is usually a low-grade B-cell neoplasia strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-induced chronic gastritis.Clinical practice guidelines currently recommend H.pylori eradication as the preferred initial treatment for early-stage GML.To determine the practical effect of bacterial eradication as the sole initial therapy for early-stage GML,an updated analysis and review of available evidence is imperative.AIM To perform a meta-analysis to assess the rate of complete remission(CR)of H.pylori-positive early-stage GML following bacterial eradication.METHODS We performed independent,computer-assisted literature searches using the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,and Cochrane Central databases through September 2022.Prospective and retrospective observational studies evaluating the CR of early-stage GML following bacterial eradication in H.pylori-positive patients.The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)Critical Appraisal Tools.The pooled estimate of the complete histopathological remission rate and respective confidence intervals(95%CI)were calculated following the random-effects model.Heterogeneity and inconsistency were assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistic,and heterogeneity was defined as P<0.01 and I²>50%,respectively.Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.RESULTS The titles and abstracts of 1576 studies were screened;96 articles were retrieved and selected for full-text reading.Finally,61 studies were included in the proportional meta-analysis(P-MA).Forty-six were prospective and fifteen were retrospective uncontrolled,single-arm,observational studies.The overall risk of bias was low to moderate in all but a single report,with an average critical appraisal score across all studies of 79.02%.A total of 2936 H.pylori-positive early-stage GML patients,in whom H.pylori was successfully eradicated,were included in the analysis.The pooled CR of H.pylori-positive early-stage GML after bacterial eradication was 75.18%(95%CI:70.45%-79.91%).P-MA indicated the substantial heterogeneity in CR reported across studies(I2=92%;P<0.01).Meta-regression analysis identified statistically significant effect modifiers,including the proportion of patients with t(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive GML and the risk of bias in each study.CONCLUSION Comprehensive synthesis of available evidence suggests that H.pylori eradication is effective as the sole initial therapy for early-stage GML.Although the substantial heterogeneity observed across studies limits the interpretation of the pooled overall CR,the present study is a relevant to informing clinical practice. | Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos Caroline Tianeze de Castro Mariana Santos Calmon Marcel Silva Luz Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro Clara Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos Gabriel Lima Correa Santos Hanna Santos Marques Henrique Affonso Delgado Kádima Nayara Teixeira Cláudio Lima Souza Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira Fabrício Freire de Melo | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2023，29，14： | 2 |
| 12 | The role of viral respiratory infections in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of asthma显示文摘 | Cohen L Castro M | 2003 | Semin Respir Infect2003，18，1： | 2 |
| 13 | 西印度洋地区海草生态系统显示文摘海草是海洋被子植物,广泛分布在温带和热带的海岸带水域,是地球上水生生态系统中最具生产力的生物之一。在西印度洋地区大概有13种海草,这些海草覆盖了12000kg海岸线的近岸柔软海底广大区域。海草床一般分布在潮间带和潮下带,有时向下延伸至40m,并经常出现在珊瑚礁和红树林附近。由于具有很高的初级生产力和复杂的栖息环境,海草供养了许多底栖生物和浮游生物。许多鱼类和贝类,包括那些具有商业价值的种类都被吸引到海草栖息地,将海草作为其食物来源和避难场所,特别是在它们的幼年期。分布在西印度洋海草床附近广泛而丰富的鱼类资源就足以说明这一点。这些鱼分别属于天竺鲷科、亚科、玻甲鱼科、银鲈科、虾虎鱼科、隆头鱼科、裸颊鲷科、笛鲷科、单角亚科、鹦嘴鱼科、科、篮子鱼科、海龙科和Teraponidae科。因此,西印度洋地区的海草生态系统无论对当地还是整个地区的渔业发展都是非常有价值的资源。尽管如此,与其他地区相比,该地区有关海草资源的研究还十分缺乏,而且大多数研究也都集中在植物多样性和生态学上。本文主要阐述西印度洋地区海草床研究现状,特别强调鱼类和渔业。目前,该课题的大多数研究主要是在东非海岸开展的,如肯尼亚,坦桑尼亚,莫桑比克以及南非东部地区,而在索马里和西印度洋地区的岛屿国家(塞舌尔、科摩罗、法属留尼旺岛、毛里求斯、马达加斯加等)此类研究却很少,有关海草鱼类生态系统的论文也少有发表,而且大部分都是描述性的。因此,需要通过研究和实验获得有关描述模式和处理方法的科学知识。关于海草鱼类群落的定量研究,类似本文所介绍的案例研究在西印度洋地区是很少的,而这些研究对于渔业的管理前景而言是必不可少的。值得强调的是由于海岸人口的不断增长以及人类活动的侵扰给该地区海草床带来的压力与日俱增,如污染,海水富营养化,沉积作用,捕鱼以及无脊椎动物的采集等活动,而这些活动对于海草床的影响却鲜为人知。因此,需要开展广泛的研究,为西印度洋地区海草生态系统可持续管理提供有用的信息服务。 | Martin Gullstrm Maricela de la Torre Castro Salomo O.Bandeira Mats Bjrk Mattis Dahlberg Nils Kautsky Patrik Rnnbck Marcus C.hman 章任群 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，7： | 2 |
| 14 | Murine model to study brain,behavior and immunity during hepatic encephalopathy显示文摘AIM:To propose an alternative model of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) in mice,resembling the human features of the disease.METHODS:Mice received two consecutive intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide(TAA) at low dosage(300 mg/kg).Liver injury was assessed by serum transaminase levels(ALT) and liver histology(hematoxylin and eosin).Neutrophil infiltration was estimated by confocal liver intravital microscopy.Coagulopathy was evaluated using prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time.Hemodynamic parameters were measured through tail cuff.Ammonia levels were quantified in serum and brain samples.Electroencephalography(EEG) and psychomotor activity score were performed to show brain function.Brain edema was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTS:Mice submitted to the TAA regime developed massive liver injury,as shown by elevation of serum ALT levels and a high degree of liver necrosis.An intense hepatic neutrophil accumulation occurred in response to TAA-induced liver injury.This led to mice mortality and weight loss,which was associated with severe coagulopathy.Furthermore,TAA-treated mice presented with increased serum and cerebral levels of ammonia,in parallel with alterations in EEG spectrum and discrete brain edema,as shown by magnetic resonance imaging.In agreement with this,neuropsychomotor abnormalities ensued 36 h after TAA,fulfilling several HE features observed in humans.In this context of liver injury and neurological dysfunction,we observed lung inflammation and alterations in blood pressure and heart rate that were indicative of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.CONCLUSION:In summary,we describe a new murine model of hepatic encephalopathy comprising multiple features of the disease in humans,which may provide new insights for treatment. | Lindisley Ferreira Gomides Pedro Elias Marques Bruno Engler Faleiros Rafaela Vaz Pereira Sylvia Stella Amaral Thais Reis Lage Gustavo Henrique Souza Resende Patricia Alves Maia Guidine Giselle Foureaux Fabíola Mara Ribeiro Fabiana Paiva Martins Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes Anderson José Ferreira Remo Castro Russo Mauro Martins Teixeira Márcio Flávio Moraes Antonio Lúcio Teixeira Gustavo Batista Menezes | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Tm(DOTP)5- :a 23 Na+ shift agent for perfused rat hearts显示文摘 | Buster D C Castro M M Geraldes C F | 1990 | Magn Reson Med1990，15，： | 2 |
| 16 | Role of high definition colonoscopy in colorectal adenomatous polyp detection显示文摘AIM:To investigate the rates of polyp detection in a mixed risk population using standard definition (SDC) vs high definition colonoscopes (HDC).METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort comparative study of 3 colonoscopists who each consecutively performed 150 SDC (307,200 pixel) and 150 HDC (792,576 pixels) in a community teaching hospital.RESULTS:A total of 900 colonoscopies were evaluated (mean age 56,46.8% men),450 with each resolution.Polyps of any type were detected in 46.0% of patients using SDC and 43.3% with HDC (P=0.42).There was no significant difference between the overall number of polyps,HDC (397) and SDC (410),detected among all patients examined,(P=0.73).One or more adenomatous polyps were detected in 24.2% of patients with HDC and 24.9% of patients with SDC colonoscopy (P=0.82).There was no significant difference between HDC (M=0.41) and SDC (M=0.42) regarding adenomatous polyp (P=0.88) or advanced adenoma (P=0.56) detection rate among all patients examined.CONCLUSION:HDC did not improve yield of adenomatous polyp,advanced adenoma or overall polyp detection in a population of individuals with mixed risk for colorectal cancer. | Tolga Erim John M Rivas Evelio Velis Fernando Castro | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，35： | 2 |
| 17 | Biogenic hydrogen sulfide emissions from selected Florida wetlands显示文摘 | CASTRO M A DIERBERG F E | 1987 | Water Air Soil Pollution1987，33，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of carvedilol on oxidative stress and ehronotropic response to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure显示文摘 | Castro P Vukasovic JL Chiong M | 2005 | Eur J Heart Fail2005，7，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Sequential (step-by-step) detection, identification and quantitation of extra virgin olive oil adulterationby chemometric treatment of chromatographic profiles 显示文摘 | F Priego Capot J Ruiz Jira6nez M D Luque de Castro | 2007 | Anal Bioanal Chem2007，388，： | 1 |
| 20 | Fully automated method for the determination of 24,25(OH)D_3 hydroxyvitamins,and Vitamins A and E in human serum by HPLC显示文摘 | Mata-Granados J M Luquede Castro M D Quesada J M | 2004 | Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis2004，35，： | 1 |
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