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| 1 | Should antibiotics be administered before arthroscopic knee surgery? A systematic review of the literature显示文摘AIM To explore the current evidence surrounding the administration of prophylactic antibiotics for arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS Databases were searched from inception through May of 2018 for studies examining prophylactic antibiotic use and efficacy in knee arthroscopy. Studies with patient data were further assessed for types of arthroscopic procedures performed,number of patients in the study,use of antibiotics,and outcomes with the intention of performing a pooled analysis. Data pertaining to 'deep tissue infection' or 'septic arthritis' were included in our analysis. Reported data on superficial infection were not included in our data analysis. For the pooled analysis,a relative risk ratio was calculated and χ~2 tests were used to assess for statistical significance between rates of infection amongst the various patient groups. Post hoc power analyses were performed to compute the statistical power obtained from our sample sizes. Number needed to treat analyses were performed for statistically significant differences by dividing 1 by the difference between the infection rates of the antibiotic and no antibiotic groups. An alpha value of 0.05 was used for our analysis. Study heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrane's Q test as well as calculation of the I^2 value.RESULTS A total of 49682 patients who underwent knee ar-throscopy for a diverse set of procedures across 19 studies met inclusion critera for pooled analysis. For those not undergoing graft procedures,there were 27 cases of post-operative septic arthritis in 34487 patients(0.08%) who received prophylactic antibiotics and 16 cases in 10911(0.15%) who received none [risk ratio(RR) = 0.53,95% confidence interval(CI): 0.29-0.99,P = 0.05]. A sub-group analysis in which bony procedures were excluded was performed which found no significant difference in infection rates between patients that received prophylactic antibiotics and patients that did not(P > 0.05). All anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction studies used prophylactic antibiotics,but two studies investigating the effect of soaking the graft in vancomycin in addition to standard intravenous(IV) prophylaxis were combined for analysis. There were 19 cases in 1095 patients(1.74%) who received IV antibioitics alone and no infections in 2034 patients who received IV antibiotics and had a vancomycin soaked graft(RR = 0.01,95%CI: 0.001-0.229,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION Prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing septic arthritis following simple knee arthroscopy. In procedures involving graft implantation,graft soaking reduces the rate of infection. | John Carney Nathanael Heckmann Erik N Mayer Ram K Alluri Carleton Thomas Vangsness George F Hatch Ⅲ Alexander E Weber | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，11： | 2 |
| 2 | SOURCE RADIATION AND RESPONSES OF WAVE PROPAGATION显示文摘Recordings of seismic waves propagating from earthquake source to a station at the earth’s surface are a system response function. The convolution operator in time domain can be simplified as a multiplication operator in frequency domain. We discuss in frequency domain the separation of source, path and site effects for global scaling of earthquake source radiation. Also discussed are source scaling model, faulting mechanism, and the H/V inversion problems with crustal and near surface structures. Gross features of apparent source spectra appear to be not much region dependent although there may be difference between tectonic styles within a region of tectonic mixture for which we need further study as data accumulate. Vertical spectra may be a better approach to approximate source radiation, as it has less crustal amplification effects than horizontal spectra. The H/V ratio is evidently a comprehensive indicator of amplification effects from near surface to deep structure. This gives it potential as an inversion tool to deduce site crustal structure. | CHEN Sheng zao 1 and Gail M Atkinson 2 (1. Geomatrix Consultants, Inc., 2101 Webster St., 12 th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA, formerly at Dept. Earth Sciences & Ottawa Carleton Geoscience Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada 2. Dept. Ea | 2001 | Geotectonica et Metallogenia2001，25，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Synthesis of a Poly(amide-imide)from 5,6-Diphenyl-1-chloroformyl3,4-benzenedicarboxylic Anhydride and Bis (4-aminophenyl)ether显示文摘A novel poly (amide-imide) was prepared from a novel monomer: 5,6-diphenylchloroformyl-3,4-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and bis (4-aminophenyl) ether. The polymer wascharacterized by FTIR. ’HNMR. DSC and TGA. | Xi Gao JIAN Lin CHENG Hai Bin ZtlEN Zhi Yuan WANG(Department of Polymer Science & Materials. Dalian University of Technology. Dalian 116012Department of Chemistry. Carleton University. Ottawa. Canada) | 1999 | Chinese Chemical Letters1999，10，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Dynamic gradientecho and fatsuppressed spin-echo contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast显示文摘 | Carleton PJ Fox JN | 1995 | Clinical Radiology1995，50，： | 1 |
| 5 | Becoming a new neuron in the adult olfactory bulb显示文摘 | Carleton A Petreanu LT Lansford R | 2003 | Nat Neurosci2003，6，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate显示文摘 | Rezaul Mahmood Roger A. Pielke Kenneth G. Hubbard Dev Niyogi Paul A. Dirmeyer Clive McAlpine Andrew M. Carleton Robert Hale Samuel Gameda Adriana Beltrán‐Przekurat Bruce Baker Richard McNider David R. Legates Marshall Shepherd Jinyang Du Peter D. Blanken | 2014 | Int J Climatol2014，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Variability of water fluxes through the black spruce(Picea mariana)canopy and feather moss(Pleurozium schreberi)carpet in the boreal forest of northern Manitoba显示文摘 | Price A G Dunham K Carleton T | 1997 | Journal of Hydrology1997，196，： | 1 |
| 8 | Brief fear ofnegative evaluation scale-revised显示文摘 | CARLETON RN MCCREARY DR NORTON PJ | 2006 | Depress Anxiety2006，23，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Statin use and the risk of Parkinson disease: a nested case control study显示文摘 | Samii A Carleton BC Etminan M | 2008 | J Clin Neurosci2008，15，： | 1 |
| 10 | increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in California jails显示文摘 | Pan E8 Diep BA Carleton HA | 2003 | Olin Infect Dis2003，37，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Myostatin deft- ciency partially rescues the bone phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta model mice显示文摘 | Oestreich A K Carleton S M Yao X | 2015 | Osteoporos Int2015，27，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The Pawtucket HeartHealth Program:community changes in cardiovascular risk factorsand projected disease risk显示文摘 | Carleton RA Lasater TM Assaf AR | 1995 | Am J Public Health1995，85，6： | 1 |
| 13 | MicroRNAs and cell cycle regulation显示文摘 | Carleton M Cleary MA Linsley PS | 2007 | Cell Cycle2007，6，17： | 1 |
| 14 | Integrated model projections of climate change impacts on a North A- merican lake显示文摘 | TANER M LI CARLETON J N WELLMAN M | 2011 | Ecological Modelling2011，222，： | 1 |
| 15 | Genotypic approaches to therapy in children: a national active surveillance network (GATC) to study the pharmacogenomics of severe adverse drug reactions in children 显示文摘 | Ross C J Carleton B Warn DG | 2007 | Ann NY Acad Sci2007，1110，： | 1 |
| 16 | Seed production and dispersal patterns in populations of Liriodendron tulifera at the northern edge of its range in southern Ontario,Canada显示文摘 | Kavanagh K Carleton T J | 1990 | Canadian Journal of Forest Research1990，20，： | 1 |
| 17 | Rapid changes in shelf waters and pelagic communities on the southern Northwest Shelf, Australia, following a tropical cyclone显示文摘 | MCKINNON A D MEEKAN M G CARLETON J H | 2003 | Cont Shelf Res2003，23，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Technological resource leveraging and the internationalization of new ventures 显示文摘 | Zahra S A Matherne B P Carleton J M | 2003 | Journal of International Entrepreneurship2003，1，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Fertility and disturbance gradients: a summary model for riverine marsh vegetation显示文摘 | Day RT Keddy PA McNeill J Carleton T | 1988 | Ecology1988，69，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Averting the New Business' Battle to Prove Lost Profits:A Reintroduction of the Traditional Reasonable Certainty Rule as Penalty Default 显示文摘 | Doug Carleton | 1994 | Southern California Law Review1994，67，： | 1 |
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