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| 1 | Evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and survival显示文摘AIM: To investigate the function of NOD2 in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). METHODS: A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and absence of a functional NOD2 protein and, in response to enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used to investigate the consequences of knocking down NOD2 gene expression on the growth and survival of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic mucosa the highest levels of NOD2 expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), that is recognized by NOD2, promoted CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOD2-deficient CECs was impaired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also reduced and apoptosis increased in Nod2-/- mice, which were also evident following enteric Salmonella infection. Furthermore, neutralization of NOD2 mRNA expression in human colonic carcinoma cells by shRNA interference resulted in decreased survival due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the involvement of NOD2 protein in promoting CEC growth and survival. Defects in proliferation by CECs in cases of CD may contribute to the underlying pathology of disrupted intestinal homeostasis and excessive inflammation. | Sheena M Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw John Cardone Peter D Howdle Peter J Murray Simon R Carding | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，38： | 3 |
| 2 | Characterization of colonic dendritic cells in normal and colitic mice显示文摘AIM: Recent studies demonstrating the direct involvement of dendritic cells (DC) in the activation of pathogenic T cells in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease identify DC as important antigen presenting cells in the colon. However, very little is known about the properties of colonic DC.METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry we have characterized and compared colonic DC in the colon of healthy animals and interleukin-2-deficient (IL2-/-) mice that develop colitis.RESULTS: In the healthy colon, DC resided within the lamina propria and in close association with the basement membrane of colonic villi. Type 1 myeloid (CD11c+, CD11b+,B220-, CD8α-) DC made up the largest (40-45%) population and all DC expressed low levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40,and had high endocytic activity consistent with an immature phenotype. In colitic IL2-/- mice, colonic DC numbers increased four- to five-fold and were localized within the epithelial layer and within aggregates of T and B cells. They were also many more DC in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN).The majority (>85%) of DC in the colon and MLN of IL2-/-mice were type 1 myeloid, and expressed high levels of MHC class Ⅱ, CD80, CD86, CD 40, DEC 205, and CCR5molecules and were of low endocytic activity consistent with mature DC.CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate striking changes in the number, distribution and phenotype of DC in the inflamed colon. Their intimate association with lymphocytes in the colon and draining lymph nodes suggest that they may contribute directly to the ongoing inflammation in the colon. | Sheena M Cruickshank Nicholas R English Peter J Felsburg Simon R Carding | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，40： | 3 |
| 3 | Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study显示文摘 | Matthew J Grainge Joe West Timothy R Card | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9715： | 3 |
| 4 | Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease:a cohort study显示文摘 | Grainge M J West J Card TR | | 0，，9715： | 1 |
| 5 | Decorin inhibits macrophage colony-stimulating factor proliferation of macrophages and enhances cell survival through induction of p27 (Kipl) and p21 (Waf1)显示文摘 | Xaus J Comalada M Card ó M | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 6 | Risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in primary biliary cirrhosis: a population based cohort study显示文摘 | Solaymani Dodaran M Aithal G P Card T West J | 2008 | Am J Gastroen terol2008，103，： | 1 |
| 7 | Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanopartieles显示文摘 | Card J W Zeldin D C Bonner J C | 2008 | J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol2008，295，2： | 1 |
| 8 | The activated carbon electrode: A new, experimentally verified mathematical model for the potential distribution显示文摘 | CARD J C VALENTIN G STORCK A | 1990 | J Electrochem Soc1990，137，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Readings in Information Visualization:Using Vision to Think显示文摘 | Card S Mackinlay J Shneiderman B | 1999 | Morgan Kaufmann1999，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Gratitude and the reduced costs of materialism in adolescents显示文摘 | Froh J J Emmons R A Card N A | 2011 | Journal of Happiness Studies2011，，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of brefeldin A on alphaherpesvirus membrane protein glycosylation and virus egress显示文摘 | Whealy M E Card J P Meade R P | 1991 | J Virol1991，65，： | 1 |
| 12 | Content delivery per-formance of world wide web sites of US tour operators focusingondestinations in China显示文摘 | Leixia Cai Card J A Cole S T | 2004 | Tourism Management2004，，25： | 1 |
| 13 | Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study显示文摘 | Matthew J Grainge Joe West Timothy R Card | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9715： | 1 |
| 14 | Swallowing Performance in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer:A Simple Clinical Test显示文摘 | Patterson J M McColl E Carding P N | 2009 | Oral Oncol2009，45，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Direct thickners for mobility control of CO2 floods 显示文摘 | HELLER J P DANDGE D K CARD R J | 1985 | SPE Journal1985，25，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Biopanning andrapid analysis of selective interactive ligands显示文摘 | Giordano RJ Cardó-Vila M Lahdenranta J | 2001 | Nat Med2001，7，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study显示文摘 | Matthew J Grainge Joe West Timothy R Card | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9715： | 1 |
| 18 | Skill-biased Technological Change and Rising Wage Inequality: Some Problems and Puzzles 显示文摘 | CARD D DINAIDO J E | 2002 | Journal of Labor Economics2002，20，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Demand categorization,Forecasting and inventory control for intermittent demand items显示文摘 | BABILONI E CARD(O)S M ALBARRAC(I)N J M PALMER M E | | 0，，2： | 1 |
| 20 | The importance of γδT cells in the resolution of pathogen-induced inflammatory immune responses 显示文摘 | Carding S R Egan P J | 2000 | lmmunol Rev2000，173，： | 1 |
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