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| 1 | 瑞舒伐他汀对存在亚临床动脉粥样硬化的低危人群颈动脉内膜中层厚度进展的影响——METEOR试验显示文摘背景:动脉粥样硬化往往在机体出现症状之前就已有所进展。目前,我们尚不清楚Framingham风险评分(Framinghaln risk score,FRS)较低的轻中度亚临床动脉粥样硬化中年人群是否能从治疗中获益。
目的:评价为期2年的他汀类药物治疗能否减缓颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intimamedia thickness,CIMT)继续增厚或使粥样斑块消退。
设计、地点及参试者:“瑞舒伐他汀对内膜中层厚度影响的测评研究(Measuring Effects on Intima-Media Thickness:an Evaluation of Rosuvastatin,METEOR)”是2002年8月至2006年5月在美国及欧洲61个基层医疗中心开展的一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究,共纳入984名参试者,有的参试者仅以年龄(平均年龄,57岁)为冠心病的危险因素,有的参试者10年内FRS低于10%、CIMT重庞增厚(1.2~3.5mm)、LDL胆固醇水平有所升高(平均值,154mg/dL)。
干预:参试者服用40mg瑞舒伐他汀或安慰剂。
主要观测指标:12个颈动脉位点最大CIMT的变化率(经B超检测);颈总动脉位点、颈动脉窦位点及颈内动脉位点最大CIMT的变化,颈总动脉位点平均CIMT的变化。仅在瑞舒伐他汀组中评估CIMT的消退情况。
结果:瑞舒伐他汀组参试者LDL胆固醇平均(SD)水平由基线时的155(24.1)mg/dL降至78(27.5)mg/dL,平均降低49%(与安慰剂组相比P〈0.001)。瑞舒伐他汀组12个颈动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为-0.0014(95%CI,-0.0041~0.0014)mm/y,安慰剂组12个颈动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为Q0131(95%CI,Q0087~Q0174)mm/y(P〈0.001)。瑞舒伐他汀组颈总动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为-0.0038(95%CI,-0.0064~-0.0013)mm/y(P〈0.001),颈动脉窦位点最大CIMT的变化值为-0.0040(95%CI,-0.0090~0.0010)mm/y(P〈0.001),颈内动脉位点最大CIMT的变化值为0.0039(95%CI,-0.0009~0.0088)mm/y(P=0.02)。瑞舒伐他汀组颈总动脉位点平均CIMT的变化值为0.0004(95%CI,-0.0011~0.0019)mm/y(P〈0.001)。P值均为与安慰剂组相比。总的来说,瑞舒伐他汀具有良好的耐受性,很少引发严重的心血管不良事件(在2年内有6名参试者[0.86%]出现8起不良事件[1.1%])。
结论:对于FRS低于10%的亚临床动脉粥样硬化中年人群而言,瑞舒伐他汀能够在2年内显著降低最大CIMT的进展速率,与安慰剂相比差异具有统计学显著性。但是,瑞舒伐他汀无法诱导病变消退。今后,我们仍需开展大型远期试验来明确上述研究结果的临床意义. | John R. Crouse Ⅲ Joel S. Raichlen Ward A. Riley Gregory W. Evans Mike K. Palmer Daniel H. O' Leary Diederick E. Grobbee Michiel L. Bots 李军(译) | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，4： | 44 |
| 2 | Electro-acupuncture to prevent prolonged postoperative ileus:A randomized clinical trial显示文摘AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. METHODS:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,Shanghai,China. After surgery,patients were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,starting on postoperative day 1, for up to six consecutive days)or usual care.PPOI was defined as an inability to pass flatus or have a bowel movement by 96 h after surgery.The main outcomes were time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement, and electrogastroenterography.Secondary outcomes were quality of life(QOL)measures,including pain, nausea,insomnia,abdominal distension/fullness,and sense of well-being. RESULTS:No significant differences in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL measures were found between the groups.There were also no group differences when the data were analyzed by examining those whose PPOI had resolved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas not useful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this population. | M Kay Garcia Joseph S Chiang Bob Thornton J Lynn Palmer Jennifer McQuade Lorenzo Cohen | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，1： | 27 |
| 3 | 新疆部分地区牛新孢子虫病的血清学调查显示文摘应用间接免疫荧光抗体试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、斑点酶联免疫吸附试验 3种检测方法 ,对新疆地区部分牛和牦牛的血清样品进行新孢子虫病抗体检测。结果显示 ,2 98头份牛血清全部为阴性 ,4份牦牛血清 | 徐雪平 陈志蓉 薄新文 Dieter Palmer | 2002 | 中国兽医科技2002，32，5： | 25 |
| 4 | 香港大学学术库——机构知识库的应用扩展显示文摘香港大学学术库是香港大学的机构知识库,是响应大学知识交流政策而建立的知识管理系统。凭借丰富的数据来源以及合理的设计机制,学术库已成为颇具影响力的香港大学人才和科研成果的展示平台,成为校内外学术交流的中心,为学术评估和声誉管理提供了基础。 | Liu Eliot Z H Palmer David T | 2015 | 大学图书馆学报2015，33，4： | 14 |
| 5 | Nature:死亡的肿瘤细胞释放出胞内钾离子来阻断免疫系统显示文摘在一项新的研究中。来自美国国家癌症研究所和英国巴布拉汉研究所的研究人员发现当肿瘤组织死亡时从它当中泄露出来的一种无机离子起着阻止抗肿瘤免疫细胞发挥功能的作用。这一发现为开发调动免疫系统抵抗癌症的疗法提供一种新的方法。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期刊上。 | Robert Eil, Suman K. Vodnala, David Clever, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Madhusudhanan Sukumar, Jenny H. Pan, Douglas C. Palmer, Alena Gros, Tori N. Yamamoto, Shashank J. Patel, Geoffrey C. Guittard, Zhiya Yu, David S. Schrump, W. Marston Linehan, Nicholas P. Restifo Christopher A. Klebanoff Valentina Carbonaro, Klaus Okkenhaug, Rahul Roychoudhuri | 2016 | 现代生物医学进展2016，16，31： | 12 |
| 6 | Overall rate, location, and predictive factors for positive surgical margins after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer显示文摘我们与高风险的前列腺癌症在 271 个病人报导全面的率,地点和积极外科的边缘(PSM ) 的预兆的因素。在 2008 年 4 月和 2011 年 10 月之间,我们有希望地从作为 D'Amico 分类的病人收集了数据高风险经历了帮助机器人的 laparoscopic 激进分子前列腺切除术。PSM 的全面的率和地点被报导。逐步的逻辑回归模型被适合估计 PSM 的预兆的因素。PSM 的全面的率是 25.1%(271 个病人中的 68 个) 。这些 PSM,(68 中的 26 个)38.2% 是 posterolateral (PL ) , 26.5%(68 中的 18 个) multifocal, 16.2%(68 中的 11 个) 在顶, 14.7%(68 中的 10 个) 在膀胱颈,并且 4.4%(3/68 ) 在另外的地点。有病理学的阶段 pT2 的病人的 PSM 率是 8.6%(140 中的 12 个) , 26.6%(64 中的 17 个) pT3a, 53.3%(32/60 ) pT4 的 pT3b,和 100%(7 中的 7 个) 。在包括 pre- , intra- ,和手术后的参数的一个逻辑回归模型,身体团索引(机会比率[或] :1.09;95% 信心间隔[CI ] :1.01-1.19, P= 0.029 ) ,病理学的舞台(pT3b 或更高对 pT2;或:5.14;95% CI:1.92-13.78;P = 0.001 ) 并且肿瘤的百分比(或:46.71;95% CI:6.37-342.57;P < 0.001 ) 是为 PSM 的独立预兆的因素。在病人在的 PSM 的最普通的地点高风险是 PL 方面,它反映报导肿瘤攻击性。PSM 的唯一的重要预兆的因素是病理学的结果,例如在标本和病理学的舞台的肿瘤的百分比。 | Sung Gu Kang Oscar Schatloff Abdul Muhsin Haidar Srinivas Samavedi Kenneth J Palmer Jun Cheon Vipul R Patel | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，1： | 9 |
| 7 | Interleukin-7 Receptor Signaling Network:An Integrated Systems Perspective显示文摘Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for the development and homeostatic maintenance of T and B lymphocytes. Binding of IL-7 to its cognate receptor,the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R),activates multiple pathways that regulate lymphocyte survival,glucose uptake,proliferation and differentiation. There has been much interest in understanding how IL-7 receptor signaling is modulated at multiple interconnected network levels. This review examines how the strength of the signal through the IL-7 receptor is modulated in T and B cells,including the use of shared receptor components,signaling crosstalk,shared interaction domains,feedback loops,integrated gene regulation,multimerization and ligand competition. We discuss how these network control mechanisms could integrate to govern the properties of IL-7R signaling in lymphocytes in health and disease. Analysis of IL-7 receptor signaling at a network level in a systematic manner will allow for a comprehensive approach to understanding the impact of multiple signaling pathways on lymphocyte biology. | Megan J. Palmer Vinay S. Mahajan Lily C. Trajman Darrell J. Irvine Douglas A.Lauffenburger Jianzhu Chen | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，2： | 8 |
| 8 | 天坑形成的水力机制显示文摘大部分情况下,天坑都是现代暗河通道洞顶塌陷而成。塌陷的扩大造成暗河通道的阻塞和改道,使得水力梯度变陡,溶蚀和侵蚀增强。可以说,天坑大部分空间体积的形成都是地下河大规模搬运崩塌堆积物的结果。强烈变化的大流量是搬运崩塌堆积的最佳条件,而暗河通道的改道和扩大又进一步加强了塌陷作用。与区域裂隙模式不同,新的裂隙随着崩塌周围应力释放而扩张。与原始洞穴通道形成相比,大规模天坑的形成都是源于这些作用。 | Arthur N. PALMER Margaret V. PALMER 张远海(译) 朱学稳(校) | 2006 | 中国岩溶2006，25，B08： | 8 |
| 9 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 10 | Mitigating Climate Change Will Depend on Negative Emissions Technologies显示文摘'Negative emissions technologies' (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change, according to a report published late in 2018 by the US National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine (NASEM) [1]. The report calls for the launch of a substantial research initiative to advance these technologies as soon as possible. | Chris Palmer | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，6： | 7 |
| 11 | Robotic surgery in pediatric urology显示文摘While robotic surgery has shown clear utility and advantages in the adult population,its role in pediatrics remains controversial.Pediatric-sized robotic instruments and equipment are not readily available yet,so certain modifications can be made in order to make robotic surgery successful in children.While the cost of robotic surgery remains high compared to open procedures,patients experience greater satisfaction and quality of life with robotic surgery.Robotic pyeloplasty is a standard of care in older children,and has even been performed in infants and re-do surgery.Other robotic procedures performed in children include heminephroureterectomy,ureteroureterostomy,ureteral reimplantation,urachal cyst excision,bladder diverticulectomy,and bladder reconstructive procedures such as augmentation,appendicovesicostomy,antegrade continence enema,bladder neck reconstruction and sling,as well as other procedures.Robotic surgery has also been used in oncologic cases such as partial nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.Future improvements in technology with production of pediatric-sized robotic instruments,along with increases in robotictrained pediatric urologists and surgeon experience along each’s learning curve,will help to further advance the field of robotic surgery in pediatric urology. | Adam Howe Zachary Kozel Lane Palmer | 2017 | Asian Journal of Urology2017，4，1： | 6 |
| 12 | 活性维生素D与慢性肾脏病显示文摘 | Palmer SC 张益民(摘) 李幼姬(校) | 2008 | 中国中西医结合肾病杂志2008，9，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Tomato Ovary-to-Fruit Transition is Characterized by a Spatial Shift of mRNAs for Cell Wall Invertase and its Inhibitor with the Encoded Proteins Localized to Sieve Elements显示文摘对理解水果开发是阐明中央调停的过程从授粉前卵巢的成功的转变到最新设置的水果,在建立水果收益潜力的关键步。在西红柿,细胞墙转化酶(CWIN ) LIN5 和它的禁止者 INH1 为水果生长是必要的。然而,他们在 ovary-to-fruit 转变由施加角色的分子、细胞的基础仍然保持未知。处理这个问题,我们进行了在 2 点集中于卵巢和小水果的研究 ? 天在前并且 2 ? 在开花期以后的天分别地。在 situ 杂交,分析揭示了那 LIN5, INH1 在小水果与他们的韧皮部特定的表示相比在卵巢展出了驱散的表情。显著地, LIN5 和 INH1 蛋白质在开花期以前并且在年轻小水果立即在卵巢对筛元素(SE ) 的房间墙 immunologically co 局部性,但是在更年轻的卵巢的 provascular 捆是无法发现的。在 CWIN 活动的爆炸发生在 ovary-to-fruit 转变期间。有趣地,卵巢,然而并非小水果,有缺点的转化酶的展出高表示, SldeCWIN1,其 ortholog 被知道在烟草在 CWIN 活动提高 INH 的抑制。成像一荧光灯 symplasmic tracer 显示卸掉小径的一个 apoplasmic 韧皮部在卵巢操作了,与在水果果皮卸掉小径的以前观察的 symplasmic 相反。这些新数据显示( 1 ) CWIN 和 INH mRNAs 的韧皮部特定的 patterning 在 ovary-to-fruit 转变期间被导致,并且( 2 ) LIN5 蛋白质在 SE 的墙中明确地工作并且在 ovary-to-fruit 转变期间增加它的活动,可能断然发信号便于韧皮部卸掉并且产生葡萄糖调整房间分割,因此水果集合。 | William M. Palmer | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，2： | 6 |
| 14 | 直肠癌术后低位前切除综合征的发生率及其对生活质量的影响:一项基于人群的研究显示文摘背景:据报道,直肠癌术后严重的低位前切除综合征(low anterior resection syndrome, LARS)的发生率为17.8%~56.0%,但来自高质量研究的数据较少。本项研究的目的是在一个大型的、明确的、基于人群的队列研究中,确定LARS的发生率及其与患者生活质量(quality of life,Qo L)的关系。方法:这是一项基于人群的队列研究,纳入了2007年至2013年在瑞典斯德哥尔摩市所有接受直肠系膜全部或部分切除的直肠癌根治术的患者。 | 佟伟华(评论) PIENIOWSKI E H A NORDENVALL C PALMER G | 2020 | 结直肠肛门外科2020，26，4： | 5 |
| 15 | New fecal test for non-invasive Helicobacter pylori detection:A diagnostic accuracy study显示文摘AIM To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new fecal test for detecting Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), using ^(13)Curea breath test as the reference standard, and explore bacterial antibiotic resistance. METHODS We conducted a prospective two-center diagnostic test accuracy study. We enrolled consecutive people≥ 18 years without previous diagnosis of H. pylori infection, referred for dyspepsia between February and October 2017. At enrollment, all participants underwent 13 C-urea breath test. Participants aged over 50 years were scheduled to undergo upper endoscopy with histology. Participants collected stool samples 1-3 d after enrollment for a new fecal investigation(THD fecal test). The detection of bacterial 23 S rRNA subunit gene indicated H. pylori infection. We also used the index diagnostic test to examine mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Independent investigators analyzed index test and reference test standard results blinded to the other test findings. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive(PPV) and negative(NPV) predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio(LR), together with 95% confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS We enrolled 294 consecutive participants(age: Median 37.0 years, IQR: 29.0-46.0 years; men: 39.8%). Ninetyfive(32.3%) participants had a positive ^(13)C-urea breath test. Twenty-three(7.8%) participants underwent upper endoscopy with histology, with a full concordance between ^(13)C-urea breath test and histology in detecting H. pylori infection. Four(1.4%) out of the 294 participants withdrew from the study after the enrollment visit and did not undergo THD fecal testing. In the 290 participants who completed the study, the THD fecal test sensitivity was 90.2%(CI: 84.2%-96.3%), specificity 98.5%(CI:96.8%-100%), PPV 96.5%(CI: 92.6%-100%), NPV 95.6%(CI: 92.8%-98.4%), accuracy 95.9%(CI: 93.6%-98.2%), positive LR 59.5(CI: 19.3-183.4), negative LR 0.10(CI: 0.05-0.18). Out of 83 infected participants identified with the THD fecal test, 34(41.0%) had bacterial genotypic changes consistent with antibiotic-resistant H. pylori infection. Of these, 27(32.5%) had bacterial strains resistant to clarithromycin, 3(3.6%) to levofloxacin, and 4(4.8%) to both antibiotics. CONCLUSION The THD fecal test has high performance for the non-invasive diagnosis of H. pylori infection while additionally enabling the assessment of bacterial antibiotic resistances. | Andrea Iannone Floriana Giorgio Francesco Russo Giuseppe Riezzo Bruna Girardi Maria Pricci Suetonia C Palmer Michele Barone Mariabeatrice Principi Giovanni FM Strippoli Alfredo Di Leo Enzo Ierardi | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，27： | 5 |
| 16 | Are common factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers? A meta-analysis of risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | William C. Palmer Tushar Patel | 2012 | Journal of Hepatology2012，，1： | 5 |
| 17 | PP、PET、PBT非织造布等离子处理改善其吸湿、拒水、拒油和其他性能的研究显示文摘 | Johan Palmers 吴英 | 2004 | 产业用纺织品2004，22，3： | 5 |
| 18 | Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Constituents from Stem Barks of Illicium difengpi显示文摘Objective To isolate and identify bioactive constituents from the stem barks of Illicium difengpi.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,recrystallization,and preparative HPLC techniques.The structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data including NMR,MS,and IR.Results Two sesquiterpene lactones,majucin(1)and anisatin(2),two steroids,β-sitosterol(3)and daucosterol(4),three carboxylic acids,2-ethyldecanoic acid(5),shikimic acid(6),and 3,4-dihydrobenzoic acid(7),and a flavonoid,quercetin(8),were successively isolated from the stem barks of I.difengpi.Conclusion Apart from compound 3,other seven compounds are reported in this plant for the first time.The results suggested that the current studies on I.difengpi is still far from being well known and therefore more studies need to be done for better understanding of this plant. | Yong-zhi He Eric Kibagendi Osoro Sivoko Imbenzi Palmer Li-ning Wang Naji Said Aboud | 2014 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2014，6，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Chloroplast phylogeny of Cucurbita: Evolution of the domesticated and wild species显示文摘类 Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae ) 包括在美洲独立地被驯养的五种,产生巨大的差异挤压,南瓜,和葫芦。获得 Cucurbita 和它的驯养的 taxa 的进化的改进理解,我们使用了四叶绿体 loci 估计 23 taxa 的发展史在 Cucurbita 以内代表女人级的差异。我们的结果为类的发展史提供一个强烈支持的框架假设,要用体力地证实 C 的基础位置。xerophytic perennials 的 digitata 组并且 monophyly mesophytic annuals 的一个大组在类代表大多数已知的差异,野、驯养。叶绿体证据为 mesophytic 组织年度 C 的一篇小说提供强壮的支持。ficifolia (仅仅从耕作知道) 与 xerophytic perennials C。foetidissima 和 C。pedatifolia。这研究也在基于 isozyme 的假设的支持提供第一条基于 DNA 的证据那 C。pepo subsp。ovifera var。ovifera (由很装饰的葫芦代表了并且几挤压) 从野 taxon C 被驯养。pepo subsp。ovifera var。ozarkana。这把支持借给假设那 var。ovifera 在东方美国和那被驯养作为大约 10 独立人士之一服务的这个区域人的农业的起源集中。尽管水平自举在 Cucurbita 为这和某些其它支持外部关系这些问题的低、权威的分辨率在活动范围以内,下一代的定序应该很快从类的全面采样交付全部细胞器染色体序列。 | Yi-Hong ZHENG Andrew J. ALVERSON Qing-Feng WANG Jeffrey D PALMER | 2013 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2013，51，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon– organic hybrid device显示文摘Energy-efficient electro-optic modulators are at the heart of short-reach optical interconnects,and silicon photonics is considered the leading technology for realizing such devices.However,the performance of all-silicon devices is limited by intrinsic material properties.In particular,the absence of linear electro-optic effects in silicon renders the integration of energy-efficient photonic–electronic interfaces challenging.Silicon–organic hybrid(SOH)integration can overcome these limitations by combining nanophotonic silicon waveguides with organic cladding materials,thereby offering the prospect of designing optical properties by molecular engineering.In this paper,we demonstrate an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator with unprecedented efficiency:the 1-mm-long device consumes only 0.7 fJ bit^(-1) to generate a 12.5 Gbit s^(-1) data stream with a bit-error ratio below the threshold for hard-decision forward-error correction.This power consumption represents the lowest value demonstrated for a non-resonant Mach–Zehnder modulator in any material system.It is enabled by a novel class of organic electro-optic materials that are designed for high chromophore density and enhanced molecular orientation.The device features an electro-optic coefficient of r33<180 pm V^(-1) and can be operated at data rates of up to 40 Gbit s^(-1). | Sebastian Koeber Robert Palmer Matthias Lauermann Wolfgang Heni Delwin L Elder Dietmar Korn Markus Woessner Luca Alloatti Swen Koenig Philipp C Schindler Hui Yu Wim Bogaerts Larry R Dalton Wolfgang Freude Juerg Leuthold Christian Koos | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 4 |
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