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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 4 | Cancer pain and analgesia显示文摘 | Christo P J Mazloomdoost D | 2008 | Ann N Y Acad Sci2008，138，： | 1 |
| 5 | Predictive factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in TIa and TIb breast carcinomas :analysis in more than 900 patients 显示文摘 | Rivadeneira DE Simmons RM Christos P J | 2000 | J Am Coll Surg2000，191，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Use of Waste Tire Steel Beads in Portland Cement Concrete显示文摘 | Christos G P Matthew J T | 2006 | Cement of Concrete Research2006，36，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Predictive factors associated with axillary lymph node metastases in T1 a and T1 b breast carcinomas: analysis in more than 900 patients 显示文摘 | RIVADENEIRA D E SIMMONS R M CHRISTOS P J | 2000 | J Am Coll Surg2000，191，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Cancer pain and analgesia 显示文摘 | Christo P J Mazloomdoest D | 2008 | Ann NY Acid Sci2008，，1138： | 1 |
| 9 | Cancer pain and analgesia显示文摘 | Christo P J Mazloomdoest D | 2008 | Ann NY Acid Sci2008，138，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Validation of Companion Diagnostic for Detection of Mutations in Codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS Gene in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of the NCIC CTG CO.17 Trial显示文摘 | Harbison Christopher T Horak Christine E Ledeine Jean-Marie Mukhopadhyay Pralay Malone Daniel P O’Callaghan Chris Jonker Derek J Karapetis Christos S Khambata-Ford Shirin Gustafson Nancy Trifan Ovidiu C Chang Shao-Chun Ravetto Paul Green Geo | 2013 | Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine2013，，6： | 1 |
| 11 | An alternative derivatization method for the analysis of amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | de Paiva M J Menezes H C Christo P P | 2013 | J Chromatogr B2013，931，： | 1 |
| 12 | Cancer pain and analgesia显示文摘 | Christo P J Mazloom doest D | 2008 | Ann NY Acid Sci2008，1，138： | 1 |
| 13 | Use of Waste Tire Steel Beads in Portland Cement Concrete显示文摘 | Christos G P Matthew J T | 2006 | Cem Concr Res2006，36，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Predictive factors associated with axillary lymph node metastases in Tla and Tlb breast carcinomas: analysis in more than 900 patients显示文摘 | Rivadeneira D E Simmons R M Christos P J | 2000 | J Am Coil Surg2000，191，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Atmos- pherics, Pleasure And Arousal: The influence Of Response Moderators 显示文摘 | McGoldrick Peter J Pieros Christos P | 1998 | Journal of Market- ing Management1998，，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Validating the clinical assessment of eustachian tube dysfunction:The Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire(ETDQ-7)显示文摘 | MCCOUL E D ANAND V K CHRISTOS P J | 2012 | Laryngoscope2012，122，： | 1 |
| 17 | 用内皮标记D2-40和CD34检测原发性黑色素瘤淋巴管浸润的临床相关性显示文摘利用免疫组化内皮标记可以很容易的检测原发性黑色素瘤淋巴管浸润(LVI),然而强化检测的临床意义尚不明了。本文主要探讨与常规组织学相比较,利用淋巴管内皮标记物D2-40和广谱脉管标记物CD34是否可以增加LVI的阳性检出率, | Rose A E Christos P J Lackaye D 解建军(摘译) 张仁亚(审校) | 2012 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2012，28，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Strategies to Potentiate Antimicrobial Photoinactivation by Overcoming Resistant Phenotypes显示文摘 | Vera Domingo Mariano Adolfo Haynes Mark H Ball Anthony R Dai Tianhong Astrakas Christos Kelso Michael J Hamblin Michael R Tegos George P | 2012 | EN2012，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Current management of postherpetic neuralgia显示文摘 | Panlilio L M Christo P J Raja S N | 2002 | The Neurologist2002，8，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Validating the clinical assessment of eustachian tube dysfunction:The Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire(ETDQ-7)显示文摘 | MCCOUL E D ANAND V K CHRISTOS P J | 2012 | Laryngoscope2012，122，： | 1 |
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