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| 1 | Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM_(10) aerosol in Hangzhou,China显示文摘Aerosol observation was conducted for four seasons from September 2001 to August 2002 at five sampling sites in Hangzhou, South China, on PM10 mass, 22 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Cd, Ba, and Pb), 5 major ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+), and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), showing that PM10 mass ranged from 46.7 to 270.8 g/m3, with an annual average of 119.2 g/m3. Na, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe were the most abundant elements in PM10, most of S being in the form of SO42-. SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were the major ions, which contributed to about 20% of the PM10 mass. The mean seasonal concentrations for SO42-, averaged over all sites, were found to be 18.0, 18.5, 24.7, and 21.4 g/m3, for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, while the corresponding loadings for NO3- were 7.2, 4.7, 7.1, and 11.2 g/m3, and for NH4+ were 6.0, 5.9, 8.2, and 9.3 g/m3, in the form mostly of NH4NO3 in spring, autumn, and winter, and mostly of (NH4)2SO4 in summer. The low NO3-/SO42-ratio found indicates coal combustion as the major source throughout the year. The mean annual concentrations of OC and EC in PM10 were found to be 21.4, and 4.1 g/m3, respectively. Material balance calculation indicated that fugitive dust, the secondary aerosol, and carbonaceous matter were the most abundant species in PM10 for the four seasons, as is characteristic for cities in South China. | Junji Cao Zhenxing Shen Judith C. Chow Guowei Qi John G. Watson | 2009 | Particuology2009，7，3： | 58 |
| 2 | 阴性症状对精神分裂症患者社会功能改善的预测作用显示文摘目的研究社区康复期精神分裂症患者社会功能改善的影响因素、预测因素。方法应用一般资料调查表、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、个人与社会表现量表(PSP)、自尊量表(SES)、家庭关怀量表(APGAR)、世界卫生组织残疾评定量表第二版(WHODAS-Ⅱ)对101例社区康复期精神分裂症患者进行基线和6个月后的测评,采用Pearson相关分析和分层多元线性回归分析,分析患者6个月社会功能改善的影响因素和预测因素。结果患者社会功能改善与首发年龄(r=0.220)、阴性症状减分值(r=0.468)、一般病理症状减分值(r=0.392)、PANSS总分减分值(r=0.472)和WHODAS-Ⅱ减分值(r=0.247)相关(P均<0.05);社会功能改善的主要预测因素按作用大小依次为:阴性症状减分值〔决定系数变化(ΔR2)=0.197〕、首发年龄(ΔR2=0.048)、WHODAS-Ⅱ减分值和精神康复干预(ΔR2=0.031)。结论阴性症状改善是社区康复期精神分裂症患者短期社会功能改善的最大预测因素。 | 何倩 陈颖 CHOW S.LAM 黄明敏 张倬秋 张树森 申文武 邓红 | 2014 | 四川大学学报(医学版)2014，45，2： | 29 |
| 3 | 林氏就业准备量表在工伤职业康复中信度和效度的研究显示文摘目的测量林氏就业准备量表(LASER)普通话版本的信度和效度。同时观察重返工作岗位信心对于不同就业准备阶段的影响。方法共85例四肢骨折的受伤工人参与本次研究。资料收集主要通过面谈的方式获得。信度测试包括重测信度和内部一致性测试。效度检验主要通过因子分析方法解释结构效度。重返工作岗位信心对于不同阶段受伤工人就业准备的影响采用方差分析。结果主成分分析法提取到4个因子。重测组内相关系数0CC)为0.27~0.89,而4个阶段的内部一致性为0.691~0.796。重返工作岗位信心的强弱与不同准备阶段有较大的关系。结论LASER普通话版本的结构效度能反映受伤工人重返工作岗位的准备过程。部分条目信度较低,该版本需要在进一步修改后才能使用。 | 徐艳文 罗筱媛 卢讯文 Chow S.Lam | 2014 | 中国康复理论与实践2014，20，6： | 26 |
| 4 | Intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating the activation of human eosinophils by the novel Th2 cytokine IL-33:implications for allergic inflammation显示文摘The novel interleukin(IL)-1 family cytokine IL-33 has been shown to activate T helper 2(Th2)lymphocytes,mast cells and basophils to produce an array of proinflammatory cytokines,as well as to mediate blood eosinophilia,IgE secretion and hypertrophy of airway epithelium in mice.In the present study,we characterized the activation of human eosinophils by IL-33,and investigated the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms.IL-33 markedly enhanced eosinophil survival and upregulated cell surface expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 on eosinophils,but it suppressed that of ICAM-3 and L-selectin.In addition,IL-33 mediates significant release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2.We found that IL33-mediated enhancement of survival,induction of adhesion molecules,and release of cytokines and chemokines were differentially regulated by activation of the nuclear factor(NF)-KB,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)pathways.Furthermore,we compared the above IL-33 activities with two structurally and functionally related cytokines,IL-1 B and IL-18.IL-1β,but not IL-18,markedly upregulated cell surface expression of ICAM-1.IL-1βand IL-18 also significantly enhanced eosinophil survival,and induced the release of IL-6 and chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2 via the activation of the NF-κB,p38 MAPK and ERK pathways.Synergistic efects on the release of IL-6 were also observed in combined treatment withIL-1B,IL-18 and IL-33.Taken together,our findings provide insight into IL-33-mediated activation of eosinophils via differential intracellular signaling cascades in the immunopathogenesis of allergic inflammation. | Joyce YS Chow Chun K Wong Phyllis FY Cheung Christopher WK Lam | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，1： | 22 |
| 5 | 空气污染对劳动力供给的影响研究——基于健康人力资本视角显示文摘本文以局部均衡模型和环境毒理学理论为基础,利用1996—2016年中国29个省份的数据,分析了空气污染对健康人力资本及劳动力供给的影响,并采用系统GMM方法进行内生性检验,确保回归结果的稳健性。实证结果表明,以二氧化硫为代表的颗粒污染物对劳动力供给产生了负面影响,每平方公里二氧化硫排放量每增加1%,劳动力供给将减少0. 0013%。空气污染通过影响健康水平,进而对劳动力供给产生冲击,而教育和医疗的发展能够降低空气污染带来的健康和劳动力供给损失。建议助推环保技术研发,引入惩罚和激励机制;对空气污染的直接受害劳动者群体进行科学合理的评估,完善相关法律法规;适当增加对空气污染严重区域的健康人力资本和教育人力资本的投资力度;强化企业责任意识;充分挖掘低龄老年人口的劳动力供给潜力。 | 蔡芸 周梅 Julian CHOW | 2018 | 社会保障研究2018，，6： | 20 |
| 6 | Colorectal liver metastases:An update on multidisciplinary approach显示文摘Liver metastasis is the commonest form of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer.Selection criteria for surgery and liver-directed therapies have recently been extended.However,resectability remains poorly defined.Tumour biology is increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor;hence molecular profiling has a growing role in risk stratification and management planning.Surgical resection is the only treatment modality for curative intent.The most appropriate surgical approach is yet to be established.The primary cancer and the hepatic metastasis can be removed simultaneously or in a two-step approach;these two strategies have comparable long-term outcomes.For patients with a limited future liver remnant,portal vein embolization,combined ablation and resection,and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy have been advocated,and each has their pros and cons.The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy is still debated.Targeted biological agents and loco-regional therapies(thermal ablation,intra-arterial chemo-or radio-embolization,and stereotactic radiotherapy) further improve the already favourable results.The recent debate about offering liver transplantation to highly selected patients needs validation from large clinical trials.Evidencebased protocols are missing,and therefore optimal management of hepatic metastasis should be personalized and determined by a multi-disciplinary team. | Felix Che-Lok Chow Kenneth Siu-Ho Chok | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，2： | 20 |
| 7 | 认知行为疗法治疗精神分裂症的研究进展显示文摘精神分裂症是一种慢性迁延性疾病,治疗周期长,患者的认知功能受损严重,社会功能逐步退化[1].尽管药物治疗是治疗精神分裂症并预防复发的主要方法,但仍有25%~40%的有效服药患者饱受残留精神症状的困扰[2].精神分裂症的认知行为疗法(cognitive behavior therapy,CBT)是指在药物治疗的基础上联合使用CBT来改善患者精神症状,从而达到治疗效果[3].近十年来,随着CBT越来越多的应用于治疗精神分裂症中,其相关研究也从简单的个案研究发展到随机对照研究,并取得了一些成果.我们就CBT治疗精神分裂症的基本方法及效果等方面进行综述. | 岳速萍 洪玲 Chow S.Lam 邓红 | 2015 | 中华精神科杂志2015，48，4： | 19 |
| 8 | 研发投资决策下的现金股利分配:抑制还是迎合——兼论“半强制分红政策”的监管悖论显示文摘研发和股利分配同属于财务分配的范畴,二者存在现金流竞争。基于2007—2015年沪深A股上市公司数据的实证研究表明:研发投资对现金分红决策具有正向影响,现金流竞争强化了研发投资对现金分红的正向效应;证监会的“半强制分红政策”是导致上市公司“边研发、边分红”这一“研发一分红”关系悖论的原因,而“研发一分红”悖论会带来负面的财务效应;中国上市公司出现“研发一分红”关系悖论这一财务现象,说明证监会实施的“半强制分红政策”存在不足。 | 杨宝 万伟 Daisy Chow | 2018 | 山西财经大学学报2018，40，3： | 18 |
| 9 | Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of multiple brain metastases显示文摘 | Tsao M Lloyd N Wong R Chow E Rakovitch E Laperriere N | 2006 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2006，4，2： | 17 |
| 10 | 脊髓损伤18个月后患者残疾心理适应能力的问卷调查分析显示文摘目的:调查及分析脊髓损伤18个月后患者残疾心理适应水平及其影响因素。方法:收集我院2006年3月~2008年12月住院的脊髓损伤患者78例及来自工伤康复互助组织的脊髓损伤患者83例,共161例,受伤时年龄18岁以上(18~62岁,平均36岁)且伤后时间超过18个月(18~35个月,平均27个月)。问卷调查在2009年1月。4月完成.29例通过面谈、132例通过电话访谈方式完成问卷调查。问卷调查内容包括世界卫生组织残疾评估量表、残疾接受量表、Rosenberg自我尊重量表、抑郁量表、自我效能量表及Zimet多维觉察社会支持量表。应用相关性分析及多元线性回归的方法分析影响残疾心理适应的因素。结果:脊髓损伤患者的残疾心理适应与自评疼痛程度及WHO自我残疾评估呈一般负相关(r分别为-0.28、-0.40,P〈0.01),与自我效能及社会支持呈一般正相关(r分别为0.45、0.36,P〈0.01),与自我尊重呈中度至高度正相关(r=0.65,P〈0.01),与抑郁呈中度至高度负相关(r=-0.66,P〈0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示抑郁、自我尊重及疼痛程度是影响脊髓损伤患者残疾适应的三个主要因素(P〈0.01)。结论:脊髓损伤18个月后患者残疾适应态度受多因素影响,其中抑郁。 | 徐艳文 Chow S.Lam 唐丹 | 2014 | 中国脊柱脊髓杂志2014，24，2： | 17 |
| 11 | PM_(2.5)及其测量与影响研究简史显示文摘美国率先建立的国家环境空气质量标准(NAAQS)旨在保护公众健康,而该理念已被包括中国在内的众多国家所采用。针对大气悬浮颗粒物(PM),NAAQS根据PM在仪器检测以及人体吸入时的粒径选择性特征,定义了总悬浮颗粒(TSP)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及其相应的质量浓度标准。这些指标的建立是基于长达300年来颗粒物监测技术发展及其危害评价的结果。因此2012年中国在颁布实施新PM_(2.5)空气质量标准时,PM_(2.5)的监测及评价方面有了更多科学积累与技术选择。本文简要回顾了PM的粒径分布、化学组成、可吸入特征、人体健康效应及空气质量标准等研究简史,根据其他国家的发展经验,提出中国在观测网络设计、测量仪器选择和使用、质量控制和质量保证及监测结果分析等方面需要确立自己独特的行业指南。对于未来空气质量的管理和标准制定,应同时考虑多种污染物及其对公众健康、能见度、气候、材料及生态系统的影响。 | CHOW Judith C 曹军骥 李顺诚 王小亮 WATSON John G | 2012 | 地球环境学报2012，3，5： | 17 |
| 12 | 舌癌CN0患者选择性颈淋巴清扫和颈部观察的前瞻性随机研究显示文摘Prospective randomized study of selective neck dissection versus observation for NO neck of early tongue carcinoma. Yuen AP, Ho CM, Chow TL, et al. Head Neck, 2009, 31(6):765-772. | Yuen AP Ho CM Chow TL | 2009 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2009，7，4： | 16 |
| 13 | 计算机辅助模型外科设计及虚拟板的临床应用显示文摘目的:通过计算机辅助软件进行正颌手术模型外科设计,经快速原型技术制作板,探讨该板的临床应用价值。方法:15例颌面畸形需要正颌手术的患者均进行全头颅三维CT扫描(层厚0.625mm),将DICOM格式的CT数据输入电脑软件Simplant CMF(Materialise Medical,Leuven,Belgium)。通过软件对头颅模型进行上下颌骨的分离、截骨线的设计、截骨、骨块移动等操作,收集并输出数据,经快速原型机制作板(虚拟板)。同时,每例患者还进行传统石膏模型外科以及传统板制作。术中首先利用虚拟板进行骨块的移动和固定,然后应用传统板检验骨块的新位置,验证虚拟板的临床实用性。结果:15例患者中,4例单颌手术(双侧下颌支矢状劈开术)、10例双颌手术(Le Fort I型整体截骨术+双侧下颌支矢状劈开术)以及1例双颌手术(Le Fort I型分块截骨术+双侧下颌支矢状劈开术)。手术中,12例患者的虚拟板完全符合临床要求。3例患者(包括1例双侧下颌支矢状劈开术和2例Le Fort I型整体截骨术+双侧下颌支矢状劈开术)的虚拟板与传统板之间有部分偏差,遂通过传统板进行骨块的重新固定。结论:计算机辅助设计可完成Le Fort I型整体(或分块)截骨术和双侧下颌支矢状劈开术的模型外科,虚拟板基本可实现传统板的功能。通过对软件的进一步熟悉、更多病例的积累,计算机辅助模型外科可能取代传统的石膏模型外科。 | 王旭东 Philip KM Lee 沈国芳 房兵 吴勇 蔡鸣 James Chow | 2008 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2008，6，6： | 16 |
| 14 | Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties显示文摘Calcium phosphate cements(CPCs) are frequently used to repair bone defects. Since their discovery in the 1980 s, extensive research has been conducted to improve their properties, and emerging evidence supports their increased application in bone tissue engineering. Much effort has been made to enhance the biological performance of CPCs, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability,bioactivity, and interactions with cells. This review article focuses on the major recent developments in CPCs,including 3 D printing, injectability, stem cell delivery, growth factor and drug delivery, and prevascularization of CPC scaffolds via co-culture and tri-culture techniques to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis. | Hockin HK Xu Ping Wang Lin Wang Chongyun Bao Qianming Chen Michael D Weir Laurence C Chow Liang Zhao Xuedong Zhou Mark A Reynolds | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，4： | 14 |
| 15 | Removing ammonium from water and wastewater using cost-effective adsorbents:A review显示文摘Ammonium is an important nutrient in primary production; however, high ammonium loads can cause eutrophication of natural waterways, contributing to undesirable changes in water quality and ecosystem structure. While ammonium pollution comes from diffuse agricultural sources, making control difficult, industrial or municipal point sources such as wastewater treatment plants also contribute significantly to overall ammonium pollution.These latter sources can be targeted more readily to control ammonium release into water systems. To assist policy makers and researchers in understanding the diversity of treatment options and the best option for their circumstance, this paper produces a comprehensive review of existing treatment options for ammonium removal with a particular focus on those technologies which offer the highest rates of removal and cost-effectiveness. Ion exchange and adsorption material methods are simple to apply, cost-effective, environmentally friendly technologies which are quite efficient at removing ammonium from treated water. The review presents a list of adsorbents from the literature, their adsorption capacities and other parameters needed for ammonium removal. Further, the preparation of adsorbents with high ammonium removal capacities and new adsorbents is discussed in the context of their relative cost, removal efficiencies, and limitations. Efficient, cost-effective, and environmental friendly adsorbents for the removal of ammonium on a large scale for commercial or water treatment plants are provided. In addition, future perspectives on removing ammonium using adsorbents are presented. | Jianyin Huang Nadeeka Rathnayake Kankanamge Christopher Chow David T.Welsh Tianling Li Peter R.Teasdale | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，1： | 13 |
| 16 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong显示文摘瞄准:用香港汉语调查流行和胃肠的基质肿瘤(大意) 的临床的模式,并且估计发病率的 CD117 的介绍的影响。方法:从 Yan Chai 医院的病理的部门的数据库, 47 个病人,在这研究与到 2003 年 12 月的从 1995 年 9 月的大意被包括。十大意在 CD117 的介绍前被诊断。临床的特征,肿瘤特征,和治疗被分析。预言肿瘤的因素联系了死亡或复发与比例的危险建模的考克斯一起被学习。结果:病人包括了 26 男性和 21 女性,与 66.6 年的吝啬的年龄(SD 13.1,范围 29-87 年) 。大意的估计的流行每 100,000 个人是 13.4-15.6,与每 100,000 个人的 1.68-1.96 的年度发生。在 CD117 的介绍前后的大意的年度发生每 100,000 个人是 1.1 并且 2.1 每 100,000 个人分别地。胃(34 个病人, 72.3%) 是为肿瘤的最普通的地点,由小肠列在后面(8 个病人, 17.0%) ,食管(2 个病人, 4.3%) ,网膜(2 个病人, 4.3%) 并且冒号(1 个病人, 2.1%) 。31 个病人(66%) 有完全的肿瘤切除术。十一从 16 死亡(23%) 是肿瘤相关的。中部的生存时间是 26 瞬间。五年的幸存率是 61.3% 。与肿瘤相关的死亡或复发联系的重要因素是不完全的切除术,肿瘤尺寸 5 厘米以上,侵略到转移的邻近的机关或存在。结论:在香港的大意的发生在美国比得上那,但是在芬兰比那降低。大意的真发生能在 CD117 的介绍前被低估。不完全的切除术,肿瘤尺寸 5 厘米以上,到转移的邻近的机关或存在的侵略是预言肿瘤相关的死亡或复发的因素。 | Kam Hoi Chan Chun Wing Chan Wai Hung Chow Wai Keung Kwan Chi Kwan Kong Ka Fung Mak Miu Yi Leung Lin Kiu Lau | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，14： | 12 |
| 17 | Microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed traditional Chinese herbal medicines显示文摘OBJECTIVE: The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alternative medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malaysia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS: Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-'Eight Treasure Herba Tea', 'Herbal Tea', Xiyangshen (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii) and Dangshen (Radix Codonopsis) were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were prepared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS: Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 log10cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contam-inants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detected from all the samples, generally in low concentrations (<1 mg/L) except for Mn (18.545 mg/L). All decoctions (after boiling) have reduced concentrations of Cu, while others were not significantly different. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION: Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption. | Adelinesuyien Ting Yiingyng Chow Weishang Tan | 2013 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2013，33，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Masao Omata Laurentius A. Lesmana Ryosuke Tateishi Pei-Jer Chen Shi-Ming Lin Haruhiko Yoshida Masatoshi Kudo Jeong Min Lee Byung Ihn Choi Ronnie T. P. Poon Shuichiro Shiina Ann Lii Cheng Ji-Dong Jia Shuntaro Obi Kwang Hyub Han Wasim Jafri Pierce Chow Seng | 2010 | Hepatology International2010，，2： | 11 |
| 19 | Evidence-based medicine and precision medicine:complementary approaches to clinical decision-making显示文摘Evidence-based medicine is widely promoted for decision-making in health care and is associated with improved patient outcomes.Critics have suggested that evidence-based medicine focuses primarily on groups of patients rather than individuals,but often fail to consider subgroup analyses,N-of-1 trials,and the incorporation of patient values and preferences.Precision medicine has been promoted as an approach to individualize diagnosis and treatment of diseases through genetic,biomarker,phenotypic,and psychosocial characteristics.However,there are often high costs associated with personalized medicine,and high-quality evidence is lacking for effectiveness in many applications.For the potential of personalized medicine to be realized,it must adhere to the principles of evidencebased medicine:(1)evidence in isolation is not sufficient to make clinical decisions—patient’s values and preferences as well as resource implications must be considered,and(2)there is a hierarchy of evidence to guide clinical decision-making and studies at lower risk of bias are likely to provide more trustworthy findings. | Ngai Chow Lucas Gallo Jason W.Busse | 2018 | Precision Clinical Medicine2018，1，2： | 10 |
| 20 | Type D personality negatively associated with self-care in Chinese heart failure patients显示文摘 | Xi CAO Xiu-Hua WANG Eliza ML Wong Choi Kai Chow Sek Ying Chair | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，5： | 9 |
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