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| 1 | 有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病的几个值得关注的问题显示文摘COPD已成为全球医学界的难题,其病死率不断攀升,速度超过任何其他主要死因,而且是各种死因中发病率继续上升的惟一病种。目前COPD已超过脑血管疾病,成为美国第3大主要死亡原因。据估计,从2003年到2033年中国死于COPD的人数将累计超过6500万。随着COPD造成疾病负担的增长,我们对其影响程度及有效管理的认识也在提高。为全面优化COPD的管理,有必要对COPD需要注意的问题进行深入探讨。为此,我们对COPD患者顽固性呼吸困难、肺动脉高压及合并肺癌的管理等重要临床问题进行简要论述。 | 乔人立 Bruce L Davidson Darcy Marciniuk | 2012 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2012，35，1： | 17 |
| 2 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 3 | 静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的新进展:第九版静脉血栓栓塞性疾病指南展望显示文摘美国胸科医师学会(ACCP)修订的静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)指南的第九版即将发表.在前8版指南的影响下,临床医生对VTE的临床意义已有较多了解[1-2].现选择VTE临床研究中的数项重要的新进展综述如下,包括门诊患者诊断VTE的新思路,浅表静脉血栓形成(superfacial venous thrombosis,SVT)的意义,新型固定剂量的口服非维生素K拮抗剂的抗凝作用,减半剂量阿替普酶进行溶栓治疗肺栓塞( pulmonary embolism,PE)的研究及下腔静脉滤器植入后长期抗凝及肝素诱导的血小板减少症( heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,HIT)的处理.这些进展可能在新版ACCP指南的修订中有所体现. | 乔人立 Bruce L Davidson | 2012 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2012，35，2： | 11 |
| 4 | 改进医疗服务质量、确保病人安全的教学方法显示文摘提高医疗服务质量、确保病人安全是当前医学教育及培训面临的巨大挑战。今天的医生及医务工作者应具备良好的沟通能力,掌握如何在临床实践中鉴别、预防和处理不良事件及接近过失事件(nearmisses),如何使用当前获得的证据及相关信息,如何安全有效地在团队中工作,如何在实践中教授和学习病人安全知识,如何根据认可的伦理原则服务公众。 | Merrilyn M Walton Bruce H Barraclough Samantha A Van Staalduinen Susan L Elliott 段玉蓉(译) 张鸣明(审校) | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，9： | 7 |
| 5 | New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy represents a dynamic period with physical and physiological changes in both the mother and her developing fetus. The dramatic 2–3 fold increase in the active hormone 1,25(OH)2 D concentrations during the early weeks of pregnancy despite minimal increased calcium demands during that time of gestation and which are sustained throughout pregnancy in both the mother and fetus suggests an immunomodulatory role in preventing fetal rejection by the mother. While there have been numerous observational studies that support the premise of vitamin D's role in maintaining maternal and fetal well-being, until recently, there have been few randomized clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation. One has to exhibit caution,however, even with RCTs, whose results can be problematic when analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis and when there is high non-adherence to protocol(as if often the case), thereby diluting the potential good or harm of a given treatment at higher doses. As such, a biomarker of a drug or in this case 'vitamin' or pre-prohormone is better served. For these reasons, the effect of vitamin D therapies using the biomarker circulating 25(OH)D is a far better indicator of true 'effect.' When pregnancy outcomes are analyzed using the biomarker 25(OH)D instead of treatment dose, there are notable differences in maternal and fetal outcomes across diverse racial/ethnic groups, with improved health in those women who attain a circulating25(OH)D concentration of at least 100 nmol · L-1(40 ng · m L-1). Because an important issue is the timing or initiation of vitamin D treatment/supplementation, and given the potential effect of vitamin D on placental gene expression and its effects on inflammation within the placenta, it appears crucial to start vitamin D treatment before placentation(and trophoblast invasion); however, this question remains unanswered.Additional work is needed to decipher the vitamin D requirements of pregnant women and the optimal timing of supplementation, taking into account a variety of lifestyles, body types, baseline vitamin D status,and maternal and fetal vitamin D receptor(VDR) and vitamin D binding protein(VDBP) genotypes.Determining the role of vitamin D in nonclassical, immune pathways continues to be a challenge that once answered will substantiate recommendations and public health policies. | Bruce W Hollis Carol L Wagner | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，3： | 5 |
| 6 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee显示文摘 | Donald Lloyd-Jones Robert Adams Mercedes Carnethon Giovanni De Simone T Bruce Ferguson Katherine Flegal Earl Ford Karen Furie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan Hailpern Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Steven Kittner Daniel Lackland Lynda L | 2009 | Circulation2009，，3： | 4 |
| 7 | Nephropathy in dietary hyperoxaluria:A potentially preventable acute or chronic kidney disease显示文摘Hyperoxaluria can cause not only nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis,but also renal parenchymal disease histologically characterized by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals throughout the renal parenchyma,profound tubular damage and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis.Hyperoxaluric nephropathy presents clinically as acute or chronic renal failure that may progress to endstage renal disease(ESRD).This sequence of events,well recognized in the past in primary and enteric hyperoxalurias,has also been documented in a few cases of dietary hyperoxaluria.Estimates of oxalate intake in patients with chronic dietary hyperoxaluria who developed chronic kidney disease or ESRD were comparable to the reported average oxalate content of the diets of certain populations worldwide,thus raising the question whether dietary hyperoxaluria is a primary cause of ESRD in these regions.Studies addressing this question have the potential of improving population health and should be undertaken,alongside ongoing studies which are yielding fresh insights into the mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal excretion of oxalate,and into the mechanisms of development of oxalate-induced renal parenchymal disease.Novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating all types of hyperoxaluria are expected to develop from these studies. | Robert H Glew Yijuan Sun Bruce L Horowitz Konstantin N Konstantinov Marc Barry Joanna R Fair Larry Massie Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2014 | World Journal of Nephrology2014，3，4： | 3 |
| 8 | A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles显示文摘Phylogenetic studies of Carex L.(Cyperaceae)have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para-or polyphyletic.Yet,taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification.Why?The Global Carex Group(GCG)here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to(i)organize our understanding of lineages in Carex,(ii)create an identification mechanism to break the~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study,and(iii)provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex.Unfortunately,the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric(sectional)framework.Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state,which is misleading and confusing,we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge.This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny,largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG.It organizes Carex into six subgenera,which are,in turn,subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups.This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny,enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names. | Eric H.Roalson Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Carmen Benítez-Benítez Leo P.Bruederle Kyong-Sook Chung Marcial Escudero Bruce A.Ford Kerry Ford Sebastian Gebauer Berit Gehrke Marlene Hahn Muhammad Qasim Hayat Mathias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Sangtae Kim Isabel Larridon Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceño Enrique Maguilla Jose IgnacioMárquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Tomomi Masaki Mónica Míguez Robert F.C.Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Daniel Spalink Julian R.Starr Uzma Tamara Villaverde Marcia J.Waterway Karen L.Wilson and Shu-Ren Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6~14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%~69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。 | Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 3 |
| 10 | Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasivetests in a population of Alaska Native persons. Highrates of Helico bacter pylori(H. pylori) infection,H. pylori treatment failure,and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status atmultiple time points over a patient's life.METHODS:In 280 patients undergoing endoscopy,H. pylori was diagnosed by culture,histology,rapidurease test,13C urea breath test(UBT) ,and immuno-globulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13C-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori testby culture or,in case of a negative culture result,bypositive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS:The sensitivity and specificity of the 13C-UBT were 93% and 88%,respectively,relative to thegold standard. The antibody test had an equivalents ensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%.The false positive results for the antibody test were as-sociated with previous treatment for an H. pylori infection [relative risk(RR) = 2.8]. High levels of antibodiesto H. pylori were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender,while high scores in the 13C-UBT testwere associated with older age and with the H. pyloribacteria load on histological examination(RR = 4.4) .CONCLUSION:The 13C-UBT out performed the anti-body test for H. pylori and could be used when a non-invasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment out come or when monitoring for reinfection. | Dana L Bruden Michael G Bruce Karen M Miernyk Julie Morris Debby Hurlburt Thomas W Hennessy Helen Peters Frank Sacco Alan J Parkinson Brian J McMahon | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，42： | 3 |
| 11 | Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy显示文摘The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy. | Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver Joy M Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J Marc Rhoads | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 2 |
| 12 | The effects of discount level, price consciousness and sale proneness on consumers’ price perception and behavioral intention显示文摘 | Bruce L Alford Abhijit Biswas | 2002 | Journal of Business Research2002，，9： | 2 |
| 13 | Analysis of feline calicivirus capsid protein genes:identification of varia ble antigenic determinant regions of the protein显示文摘 | Bruce S S Julia F R William L M | 1993 | J Gen Virol1993，74，： | 1 |
| 14 | Economic incentives for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control显示文摘 | Bruce A L Marc R | 1994 | Water Resources Bulletin1994，30，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Biotransformation of alkaoids显示文摘 | RAKALOIDS D A LISTER D L BRUCE N C | 2002 | Alkaloids chem Biol2002，，58： | 1 |
| 16 | Absorption of a- mino acids from the intestine and their netflux across the mesenteric -and portal -drained viscera of lambs显示文摘 | MACRAE J C BRUCE L A BROWN D S | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage 显示文摘 | Bruce P G Freunberger S A Hardwick L J | 2012 | Nat Mater2012，11，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Customer Loyalty Isn't Enough Grow Your Share of Wallet显示文摘 | Timothy L K Lerzan A Alexander Buoye Bruce Cooii | 2011 | Harvard Business Review2011，，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Critical flux determination by the flux-step method in a submerged membrane bioreactor 显示文摘 | Pierre L C Bruce J Chang I S | 2003 | Journal of Membrane Science2003，227，： | 1 |
| 20 | Ximelagatran vs Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Warfarin for the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis显示文摘 | Jena-Noel Fiessinger Menno V Huisman Bruce L Davidson | 2005 | JAMA2005，293，： | 1 |
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