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| 1 | Larvicidal activities of chinaberry,neem and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to an insecticide resistant population of Anopheles arabiensis from Tolay,Southwest Ethiopia显示文摘Objective:To elucidate the larvicidal potency of neem, chinaberry and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to larvae of Anopheles arabiensis under semi-field condition and adult susceptibility/resistance to the conventionally used insecticides in Tolay,Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Wild collected 3rd and 4th stage larvae were exposed to neem, and chinaberry seed powder dissolved in water and Bti in artificial containers at three treatment levels:0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 and controls were free of treatments. Larval and pupal mortalities were monitored daily and residual activities were determined. The experiments were replicated three times. The World Health Organization tube test for all classes of insecticides was conducted on adult Anopheles arabiensis reared from field collected larvae and pupae. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.Results: In the first application, neem powder caused 88.9%, 87.9% and 79.4% larval and pupal mortality at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 after 4.3, 6.0 and 5.7 days, respectively. The corresponding killing effect of chinaberry was 80.3%, 62.1% and 30.3% after 7.0, 7.7 and 8.3days respectively. Bti at all treatments killed 100% after 24 h except 2.7 days for 0.05 g/m^2.Adult mosquitoes were susceptible only for fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl with 100%mortality while resistant to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, etofenprox and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane with only 9.0%, 3.0%, 5.1% and 2.0% mortalities respectively.Conclusions: Neem, chinaberry and Bti showed potent larvicidal and pupicidal activities. However, in the area, high level of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane was seen which will pose serious challenge to vector control in the future. Therefore, using integrated approach including these botanical larvicides is warranted to manage insecticide resistance. | Assalif Demissew Meshesha Balkew Melaku Girma | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，7： | 2 |
| 2 | Impact of cattle keeping on human biting rate of anopheline mosquitoes and malaria transmission around Ziway,Ethiopia显示文摘 | Seyoum A Balcha F Balkew M | 2002 | East Afr Med J2002，79，9： | 1 |
| 3 | Further studies on the phlebotomine sandflies of the kala-azar endemic lowlands of Humera Metema (north-west Ethiopia) with observations on their natural blood meal sources 显示文摘 | Gebre-Michael T Balkew M Berhe N | 2010 | Parasit Vectors2010，3，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Breeding Sites of Aedes aegypti : Potential Dengue Vectors in Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia显示文摘 | Dejene Getachew Habte Tekie Teshome Gebre-Michael Meshesha Balkew Akalu Mesfin Subhada Prasad Pani | 2015 | Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Dise2015，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Field investigation on the repellent activity of some aromatic plants by traditional means against Anopheles arabiensis and An. pharoensis (Diptera: Culicidae) around Koka, central Ethiopia显示文摘 | Sisay Dugassa Girmay Medhin Meshesha Balkew Aklilu Seyoum Teshome Gebre-Michael | 2009 | Acta Tropica2009，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus martini and P. orientalis (Diptera: Psychodidae), vectors of kala-azar in East Africa by use of geographic information systems显示文摘 | T Gebre-Michael J.B Malone M Balkew A Ali N Berhe A Hailu A.A Herzi | 2003 | Acta Tropica2003，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Preliminary study on investigation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in endemic foci of Ethiopia by detecting Leishmania infections in rodents显示文摘Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural villages.Methods:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,2014.Ketamine(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic bags.The tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN medium.Blood and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for microscopy.These tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania infection.Results:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal organs.The infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus respectively.Almost all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) skin.In all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar habitats.Conclusions:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus martini.Detailed studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed. | Wossenseged Lemma Asrat Bizuneh Habte Tekie Habtamu Belay Hirut Wondimu Aysheshm Kassahun Welelta Shiferaw Meshesha Balkew Ibrahim Abassi Gad Baneth Asrat Hailu | 2017 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2017，10，4： | 0 |
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