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| 1 | Anatomically realistic multiscale models of normal and abnormal gastrointestinal electrical activity显示文摘One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health. We present here a small facet of this broad plan that applies to the gastrointestinal system. Specifically, we present an anatomically and physiologically based modelling framework that is capable of simulating normal and pathological electrical activity within the stomach and small intestine. The continuum models used within this framework have been created using anatomical information derived from common medical imaging modalities and data from the Visible Human Project. These models explicitly incorporate the various smooth muscle layers and networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are known to exist within the walls of the stomach and small bowel. Electrical activity within individual ICCs and smooth muscle cells is simulated using a previously published simplified representation of the cell level electrical activity. This simulated cell level activity is incorporated into a bidomain representation of the tissue, allowing electrical activity of the entire stomach or intestine to be simulated in the anatomically derived models. This electrical modelling framework successfully replicates many of the qualitative features of the slow wave activity within the stomach and intestine and has also been used to investigate activity associated with functional uncoupling of the stomach. | Leo K Cheng Rie Komuro Travis M Austin Martin L Buist Andrew J Pullan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 3 |
| 2 | Clinical approach to incidental pancreatic cysts显示文摘The approach to incidentally noted pancreatic cysts is constantly evolving. While surgical resection is indicated for malignant or higher risk cysts, correctly identifying these highest risk pancreatic cystic lesions remains difficult. Using parameters including cyst size, presence of solid components, and pancreatic duct involvement, the 2012 International Association of Pancreatology(IAP) and the 2015 American Gastroenterological Association(AGA) guidelines have sought to identify the higher risk patients who would benefit from further evaluation using endoscopic ultrasound(EUS). Not only can EUS help further assess the presence of solid component and nodules, but also fine needle aspiration of cyst fluid aids in diagnosis by obtaining cellular, molecular, and genetic data. The impact of new endoscopic innovations with novel methods of direct visualization including confocal endomicroscopy require further validation. This review also highlights the differences between the 2012 IAP and 2015 AGA guidelines, which include the thresholds for sending patients for EUS and surgery and methods, interval, and duration of surveillance for unresected cysts. | Austin L Chiang Linda S Lee | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 3 |
| 3 | World population Growth and Related Technical problems显示文摘 | Brewer J W | 1971 | Technological Forecasting and Social change1971，，30： | 1 |
| 4 | Genetic improvement in the yield of winter:afurther evaluation 显示文摘 | AUSTIN R B FORD M A MORGAN C L | 1989 | J Agric Sci1989，112，： | 1 |
| 5 | Plant litter decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem controlled by photodegradation显示文摘 | Austin AT Vivanco L | 2006 | Nature2006，，442： | 1 |
| 6 | A probotic strain of Vib- rio alginolyties effective in reducing diease caused by Aeromonas sal- monicida, Vibrio anguillrum and Vibrio ordali 显示文摘 | Austin B Stuckey L F Robertson P W | 1995 | J Fish Dis1995，18，： | 1 |
| 7 | Long - term radar observations of the melting layer of precipitation and their interpretation 显示文摘 | Fabry R Austin G L Tees D | 1995 | At- mos Sci1995，52，： | 1 |
| 8 | 显示文摘 | Zhang L Austin D Merkulov V I | 2004 | Appl Phys Lett2004，84，： | 1 |
| 9 | A one-step homogeneous immu-noassay for cancer biomarker detection using gold nanoparticle probes coupled with dynamic light scattering显示文摘 | Dai Q Austin L Coutts J | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 10 | Haematology and neurology 显示文摘 | Austin S Cohen H Losseff L | 2007 | J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2007，78，： | 1 |
| 11 | Competition and relative yield: Estimation and integration at different densities and under various nutrient concentrations using Silybum marianum and Cirisium vulgare显示文摘 | Austin M P Fresco L F M Nicholis A O | 1988 | Journal of Ecology1988，76，： | 1 |
| 12 | Plant litter decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem controlled by photodegradation显示文摘 | Austin A T Vivanco L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Randomised controlled trial of cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with heart failure显示文摘 | Austin J Williams R Ross L | 2005 | Eur J Heart Fail2005，7，3： | 1 |
| 14 | The majority of epidermal T cell in psoriasis vulgaris lesions can produce typel cytokines, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor a,defining Th1 and Thl effector populations:a type 1 differentiation bias in also measured in circlulating blood T cells in psoriatic patients显示文摘 | Austin L M Ozawa M Kikuchi T | 1999 | J Invest Dermalol1999，113，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Characteristics of an immobilized lipase for the commercial synthesis of esters显示文摘 | MILLER C AUSTIN H POSORSKE L | 1988 | J Am Oil Chem Soc1988，65，： | 1 |
| 16 | Water pulses and biogeo- chemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems显示文摘 | Austin A T Yahdjian L Stark J M | 2004 | Oecologia2004，141，： | 1 |
| 17 | p53Activation following Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Contributes to Cell Death and Viral Production显示文摘 | Austin D Baer A Lundberg L | 2012 | PLoS One2012，7，36： | 1 |
| 18 | Diffues proliferative lupus nephritis: identification of specific pathologic features affecting renal outcome显示文摘 | Austin H Muenz L Joyce K M | 1984 | Kidney lnt1984，25，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Characterization of low- density lipoprotein subclasses: methodologic approaches and clini- cal relevance 显示文摘 | Austin MA Hokanson JE Brunze}l JD | 1994 | Curt Opin Lipidol1994，5，6： | 1 |
| 20 | A genome-wide screen identifies a single beta-defensin gene cluster in the chicken:implications for the origin and evolution of mammalian defensins 显示文摘 | Yanjing Xiao Austin L Hughes | 2004 | BMC Genomics2004，5，： | 1 |
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