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| 1 | Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding显示文摘Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB) is a common indication for hospital admission. Patients with LGIB often experience persistent or recurrent bleeding and require blood transfusions and interventions, such as colonoscopic,radiological, and surgical treatments. Appropriate decision-making is needed to initially manage acute LGIB, including emergency hospitalization, timing of colonoscopy, and medication use. In this literature review, we summarize the evidence for initial management of acute LGIB. Assessing various clinical factors,including comorbidities, medication use, presenting symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory data is useful for risk stratification of severe LGIB, and for discriminating upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Early timing of colonoscopy had the possibility of improving identification of the bleeding source, and the rate of endoscopic intervention, compared with elective colonoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography before colonoscopy may help identify stigmata of recent hemorrhage on colonoscopy, particularly in patients who can be examined immediately after the last hematochezia. How to deal with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) and antithrombotic agents after hemostasis should be carefully considered because of the risk of rebleeding and thromboembolic events. In general, aspirin as primary prophylaxis for cardiovascular events and NSAIDs were suggested to be discontinued after LGIB. Managing acute LGIB based on this information would improve clinical outcomes. Further investigations are needed to distinguish patients with LGIB who require early colonoscopy and hemostatic intervention. | Tomonori Aoki Yoshihiro Hirata Atsuo Yamada Kazuhiko Koike | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，1： | 28 |
| 2 | Examination of the therapeutic potential of Delta-24-RGD in brain tumor stem cells: role of autophagic cell death显示文摘 | Jiang H Gomez-Manzano C Aoki H Alonso MM Kondo S McCormick F Xu J Kondo Y Bekele BN Colman H Lang FF Fueyo J | 2007 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2007，5，3： | 24 |
| 3 | Clinical benefit of radiation therapy and metallic stenting for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM:To determine the efficacy of external beam radiotherapy(EBRT),with or without intraluminal brachytherapy(ILBT),in patients with non-resected locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS:We analyzed 64 patients with locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma,including 25 who underwent resection(17 curative and 8 non-curative),28 treated with radiotherapy,and 11 who received best supportive care(BSC).The radiotherapy group received EBRT(50 Gy,30 fractions),with 11 receiving an additional 24 Gy(4 fractions) ILBT by iridium-192 with remote after loading.ILBT was performed using percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) route.Uncovered metallic stents(UMS) were inserted into nonresected patients with obstructive jaundice,with the exception of four patients who received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage only.UMS were placed endoscopically or percutaneously,depending on the initial drainage procedure.The primary endpoints were patient death or stent occlusion.Survival time of patients in the radiotherapy group was compared with that of patients in the resection and BSC groups.Stent patency was compared in the radiotherapy and BSC groups.RESULTS:No statistically significant differences in patient characteristics were found among the resection,radiotherapy,and BSC groups.Three patients in the radiotherapy group and one in the BSC group did not receive UMS insertion but received PTBD alone;cholangitis occurred after endoscopic stenting,and patients were treated with PTBD.A total of 16 patients were administered additional systemic chemotherapy(5-fluorouracil-based regimen in 9,S-1 in 6,and gemcitabine in 1).Overall survival varied significantly among groups,with median survival times of 48.7 mo in the surgery group,22.1 mo in the radiotherapy group,and 5.7 mo in the BSC group.Patients who underwent curative resection survived significantly longer than those who were not candidates for surgery(P = 0.0076).Cumulative survival in the radiotherapy group was significantly longer than in the BSC group(P = 0.0031),but did not differ significantly from those in the non-resection group.Furthermore,the median survival time of patients in the radiotherapy group who were considered for possible resection(excluding the seven patients who were not candidates for surgery due to comorbid disease or age) was 25.9 mo.Stent patency was evaluated only in the 24 patients who received a metallic stent.Stent patency was significantly longer in the radiotherapy than in the BSC group(P = 0.0165).Biliary drainage was not eliminated in any patient.To determine the efficacy of ILBT,we compared survival time and stent patency in the EBRT alone and EBRT plus ILBT groups.However,we found no significant difference in survival time between groups or for stent patencies.Hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers were observed in 5 patients(17.9%),three in the EBRT plus ILBT group and two in the EBRT alone group.Ulcers occurred 5 mo,7 mo,8 mo,16 mo,and 29 mo following radiotherapy.All patients required hospitalization,but blood transfusions were unnecessary.All 5 patients recovered following the administration of anti-ulcer medication.CONCLUSION:Radiotherapy improved patient prognosis and the patency of uncovered metallic stents in patients with locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma,but ILBT provided no additional benefits. | Hiroyuki Isayama Takeshi Tsujino Yousuke Nakai Takashi Sasaki Keiichi Nakagawa Hideomi Yamashita Taku Aoki Kazuhiko Koike | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，19： | 24 |
| 4 | 中日竞走运动员高原训练的生理机能及运动能力的研究显示文摘10名世居高原(2260米)的中国竞走运动员和10名居平原(10m)的日本竞走运动员在多巴(2366米),作4周高原训练。高原训练后期与前期、高原与平原相比,观察到有益的代偿性改变。如运动后的恢复心率(1分至1分10秒)下降加快(13次/分降至105次/分);在负荷心率相近条件下,步速加快(3.61m/s增至3.80m/s),无氧阈速度加快(中方,3.01增至3.22;日方,2.78增至3.30m/s);左室功能有改善(SV:日男由85.4→98.1ml;C1:中男由3.10→3.28L/m^2·min);乳酸—速度曲线右移(日男由7.2→5.4mM,中男由6.2→5.6mM);缓冲系统的能力有改善(女子:BE,—4.7→0.2mM;HCO_3,18.6→25.2mM);肺通气功能有所加强(MVV:中方,108.6→113.5L/min,日方,139.8→146.6L/min)。高原训练后,下平原比赛,中日各有8名队员提高了本人最好成绩。 | Li Hua, et al. (Qinghai Institute of Sports Science, Xining, China 810000)J. Aoki, et al(University of Zuntendo, Japan) Sino-Japanese Research Group for Altitude Training | 1995 | 体育科学1995，15，5： | 23 |
| 5 | Assessment of the validity of the clinical pathway for colon endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘AIM: To determine the effective hospitalization period as the clinical pathway to prepare patients for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study which included 189 patients consecutively treated by ESD at the National Cancer Center Hospital from May 2007 to March 2009. Patients were divided into 2 groups; patients in group A were discharged in 5 d and patients in group B included those who stayed longer than 5 d. The following data were collected for both groups: mean hospitalization period, tumor site, median tumor size, post-ESD rectal bleeding requiring urgent endoscopy, perforation during or after ESD, abdominal pain, fever above 38 ℃, and blood test results positive for inflammatory markers before and after ESD. Each parameter was compared after data collection. RESULTS: A total of 83% (156/189) of all patients could be discharged from the hospital on day 3 postESD. Complications were observed in 12.1% (23/189) of patients. Perforation occurred in 3.7% (7/189) of patients. All the perforations occurred during the ESD procedure and they were managed with endoscopic clipping. The incidence of post-operative bleeding was 2.6% (5/189); all the cases involved rectal bleeding. We divided the subjects into 2 groups: tumor diameter ≥ 4 cm and < 4 cm; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.93, χ 2 test with Yates correction). The incidence of abdominal pain was 3.7% (7/189). All the cases occurred on the day of the procedure or the next day. The median white blood cell count was 6800 ± 2280 (cells/μL; ± SD) for group A, and 7700 ± 2775 (cells/μL; ± SD) for group B, showing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.023, t-test). The mean C-reactive protein values the day after ESD were 0.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL and 0.5 ± 1.3 mg/dL for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.54, t -test). CONCLUSION: One-day admission is sufficient in the absence of complications during ESD or early postoperative bleeding. | Takaya Aoki Takeshi Nakajima Yutaka Saito Takahisa Matsuda Taku Sakamoto Takao Itoi Yassir Khiyar Fuminori Moriyasu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，28： | 22 |
| 6 | Effectiveness of probiotic therapy for the prevention of relapse in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM: to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic therapy for suppressing relapse in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS: Bio-Three tablets, each containing 2 mg of lactomin(Streptococcus faecalis T-110), 10 mg of Clostridium butyricum TO-A, and 10 mg of Bacillus mesentericus TO-A, were used as probiotic therapy.Sixty outpatients with UC in remission were randomly assigned to receive 9 Bio-Three tablets/day(BioThree group) or 9 placebo tablets/day(placebo group)for 12 mo in addition to their ongoing medications.Clinical symptoms were evaluated monthly or on the exacerbation of symptoms or need for additional medication. Fecal samples were collected to analyze bacterial DNA at baseline and 3-mo intervals. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and cluster analyses were done to examine bacterial components of the fecal microflora.RESULTS: Forty-six patients, 23 in each group,completed the study, and 14 were excluded. The relapse rates in the Bio-Three and placebo groups were respectively 0.0% vs 17.4% at 3 mo(P = 0.036), 8.7%vs 26.1% at 6 mo(P = 0.119), and 21.7% vs 34.8%(P = 0.326) at 9 mo. At 12 mo, the remission rate was 69.5% in the Bio-Three group and 56.6% in the placebo group(P = 0.248). On cluster analysis of fecal flora, 7 patients belonged to cluster Ⅰ, 32 to cluster Ⅱ,and 7 to cluster Ⅲ.CONCLUSION: Probiotics may be effective formaintaining clinical remission in patients with quiescent UC, especially those who belong to cluster Ⅰ on fecal bacterial analysis. | Yasushi Yoshimatsu Akihiro Yamada Ryuichi Furukawa Koji Sono Aisaku Osamura Kentaro Nakamura Hiroshi Aoki Yukiko Tsuda Nobuo Hosoe Nobuo Takada Yasuo Suzuki | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，19： | 21 |
| 7 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer显示文摘Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery(NCS) has not been fully evaluated clinically. Currently, the main regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) used in NCS includes cisplatin. The antitumor effects of NAC reduce lymph node metastasis and the tumor diameter in patients prior to surgery, and this can reduce the number of high risk patients who require postoperative radiation therapy. Many randomized controlled trials(RCTs) have examined the long-term prognosis of NCS compared to primary surgery, but the utility of NCS remains uncertain. The advent of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) has markedly improved the outcome of radiotherapy(RT), and CCRT is now used as a standard method in many cases of advanced bulky cervical cancer. NCS gives a better treatment outcome than radiation therapy alone, but it is important to verify that NCS gives a similar or better outcome compared to CCRT. | Takashi Iwata Azumi Miyauchi Yukako Suga Hiroshi Nishio Masaru Nakamura Akiko Ohno Nobumaru Hirao Tohru Morisada Kyoko Tanaka Hiroki Ueyama Hidemichi Watari Daisuke Aoki | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2016，28，2： | 20 |
| 8 | Preoperative portal vein embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: consensus and controversy显示文摘Thirty years have passed since the first report of portal vein embolization(PVE),and this procedure is widely adopted as a preoperative treatment procedure for patients with a small future liver remnant(FLR).PVE has been shown to be useful in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and chronic liver disease.However,special caution is needed when PVE is applied prior to subsequent major hepatic resection in cases with cirrhotic livers,and volumetric analysis of the liver segments in addition to evaluation of the liver functional reserve before PVE is mandatory in such cases.Advances in the embolic material and selection of the treatment approach,and combined use of PVE and transcatheter arterial embolization/chemoembolization have yielded improved outcomes after PVE and major hepatic resections.A novel procedure termed the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy has been gaining attention because of the rapid hypertrophy of the FLR observed in patients undergoing this procedure,however,application of this technique in HCC patients requires special caution,as it has been shown to be associated with a high morbidity and mortality even in cases with essentially healthy livers. | Taku Aoki Keiichi Kubota | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，9： | 19 |
| 9 | Human protamines and the developing spermatid: their structure, function, expression and relationshipwith male infertility显示文摘During spermiogenesis, the protamine proteins play an integral role in spennatid chromatin compaction.Recent research has focused on many facets of protamine biology, including protamine gene and protein structure/function relationships, mechanisms of protamine expression regulation and involvement of the protamines in male fertility. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the structure and function of the protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2) proteins and genes, the expression and regulation of these genes and the relationship between the protamines and male fertility. In addition, we offer a brief outlook on future investigation into protamine proteins. | Vincent W. Aoki Douglas T. Carrell | 2003 | Asian Journal of Andrology2003，5，4： | 18 |
| 10 | Sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for early stage gastric cancer显示文摘We attempted to evaluate the history of sentinel node navigation surgery(SNNS),technical aspects,tracers,and clinical applications of SNNS using Infrared Ray Electronic Endoscopes(IREE)combined with Indocyanine Green(ICG).The sentinel lymph node(SLN)is defined as a first lymph node(LN)which receives cancer cells from a primary tumor.Reports on clinical application of SNNS for gastric cancers started to appear since early 2000s.Two prospective multicenter trials of SNNS for gastric cancer have also been accomplished in Japan.Kitagawa et al reported that the endoscopic dual(dye and radioisotope)tracer method for SN biopsy was confirmed acceptable and effective when applied to the early-stage gastric cancer(EGC).We have previously reported the usefulness of SNNS in gastrointestinal cancer using ICG as a tracer,combined with IREE(Olympus Optical,Tokyo,Japan)to detect SLN.LN metastasis rate of EGC is low.Hence,clinical application of SNNS for EGC might lead us to avoid unnecessary LN dissection,which could preserve the patient’s quality of life after operation.The most ideal method of SNNS should allow secure and accurate detection of SLN,and real time observation of lymphatic flow during operation. | Norio Mitsumori Hiroshi Nimura Naoto Takahashi Masahiko Kawamura Hiroaki Aoki Atsuo Shida Nobuo Omura Katsuhiko Yanaga | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，19： | 15 |
| 11 | Modified boron neutron capture therapy for malignant gliomas performed using epithermal neutron and two boron compounds with different accumulation mechanisms: an efficacy study based on findings on neuroimages显示文摘 | Miyatake S Kawabata S Kafimoto Y Aoki A Yokoyama K Yamada M Kuroiwa T Tsuji M Imahori Y Kirihata M Sakurai Y Masunaga S Nagata K Maruhashi A Ono K | 2005 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2005，3，4： | 14 |
| 12 | Advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases显示文摘The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as human longevity increases. The objective biomarkers that enable the staging and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases are eagerly anticipated. It has recently become possible to determine pathological changes in the brain without autopsy with the advancement of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a robust tool used to evaluate brain microstructural complexity and integrity, axonal order, density, and myelination via the micron-scale displacement of water molecules diffusing in tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technique is widely utilized in clinical and research settings;however, it has several limitations. To overcome these limitations, cutting-edge diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and free water imaging, have been recently proposed and applied to evaluate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the main applications, findings, and future directions of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the first and second most common neurodegenerative diseases, respectively. | Koji Kamagata Christina Andica Taku Hatano Takashi Ogawa Haruka Takeshige-Amano Kotaro Ogaki Toshiaki Akashi Akifumi Hagiwara Shohei Fujita Shigeki Aoki | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，9： | 11 |
| 13 | 血浆亲环蛋白A水平对冠状动脉疾病患者预后的影响显示文摘氧化应激状态下,血管平滑肌细胞、炎症细胞分泌亲环蛋白A(cyclophilin A,CyPA),并激活血小板功能。最近研究表明,血浆CyPA水平是诊断冠状动脉疾病的新型生物标志物。血浆CyPA水平对这些患者的预后是否有影响仍未阐明。方法:连续纳入接受诊断性冠状动脉造影的患者511例,测定血浆CyPA水平、高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hsCRP)和血浆脑钠尿肽水平, | Ohtsuki T Satoh K Omura J Kikuchi N Satoh T Kurosawa R Nogi M Sunamura S Yaoita N Aoki T Tatebe S Sugimura K Takahashi J Miyata S Shimokawa H 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，2： | 9 |
| 14 | Tumor differentiation phenotype in gastric differentiated-type tumors and its relation to tumor invasion and genetic alterations显示文摘瞄准:在胃的区分类型的肿瘤澄清在肿瘤区别显型和肿瘤侵略或基因改变之间的关系。方法:我们检验了肿瘤区别在 48 个胃的腺瘤和 171 区分类型的癌的显型,在 APC 和 p53 的变化的存在,和微卫星不稳定性(MSI ) 地位。肿瘤区别显型被检验人的表示决定胃粘蛋白(HGM ) , MUC6, MUC2 和 CD10。肿瘤然后被分类进胃 --(G-) ,胃、肠混合 --( 官方补给 --) ,或肠 --( 我 --) 显型,根据上述标记的免疫确实。在 APC 和 p53 和 MSI 地位的变化的存在也在所有肿瘤被调查。结果:胃的腺瘤显著地与 CD10 表示,我显型肿瘤和 APC 变化的存在被联系,与癌相比(66.7% 对 25.1% , P <
0.0001;56.3% 对 14.6% , P <
0.0001;39.6% 对 14.0% , P <
0.0001,分别地) 并且相反地与 HGM 和 MUC6 和 p53 变化的存在的表情联系了(10.4% 对 62.6% , P <
0.0001;39.6% 对 64.3% , P = 0.003;2.0% 对 26.3% , P = 0.001,分别地) 。APC 变化的频率在比在 HGM 积极的肿瘤, MUC6 积极的肿瘤, CD10 否定的肿瘤和 G 显型肿瘤的 HGM 否定的肿瘤, MUC6 否定的肿瘤, CD10 积极的肿瘤和我显型肿瘤是显著地更高的(32.7% 对 7.1% , P <
0.0001;27.8% 对 14.0% , P = 0.0182;37.3% 对 10.4% , P <
0.0001;并且 38.5% 对 9.5% , P = 0.0017,分别地) 。MSI 的频率在比在 MUC6 否定的肿瘤, CD10 积极的肿瘤和我显型肿瘤的 MUC6 积极的肿瘤, CD10 否定的肿瘤和 G 显型肿瘤是显著地更高的(24.8% 对 6.7% , P = 0.0009;22.2% 对 8.0% , P = 0.0143;并且 28.6% 对 9.6% , P = 0.0353,分别地) 。结论:肿瘤区别显型是仔细与在胃的区分类型的肿瘤的肿瘤侵略和基因改变有关。 | Kimiyasu Yamazaki Yusuke Tajima Reiko Makino Nobukazu Nishino Shigeo Aoki Masanori Kato Masaaki Sakamoto Koji Morohara Tsutomu Kaetsu Mitsuo Kusano | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，24： | 9 |
| 15 | 胆道肿瘤临床实践指南(英文第三版)显示文摘日本肝胆胰外科学会(JSHBPS)于2007年出版第一版胆道肿瘤(胆管癌、胆囊癌及壶腹癌)临床实践指南,于2014年更新第二版,2021年英文第三版胆道肿瘤临床实践指南围绕6个主题提出若干临床问题,基于相关循证医学证据并组织专家讨论后,最终确定推荐意见、推荐强度以及推荐说明。根据证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(GRADE)系统,推荐强度被分为1级(强)或者2级(弱)。英文第三版胆道肿瘤临床实践指南中提出的31个临床问题涵盖:(1)预防性治疗;(2)诊断;(3)胆道引流;(4)外科治疗;(5)化疗;(6)放疗。31个临床问题中,14个问题给予推荐强度为强的推荐意见,14个问题给予推荐强度为弱的推荐意见,剩余的3个问题未给予推荐意见。每条推荐意见都进行推荐强度说明。最新版指南基于循证医学证据,为临床提供了重要建议。未来与癌症登记数据库协作将是评估指南和建立新证据的关键。 | Masato Nagino Satoshi Hirano Hideyuki Yoshitomi Taku Aoki Katsuhiko Uesaka Michiaki Unno Tomoki Ebata Masaru Konishi Keiji Sano Kazuaki Shimada Hiroaki Shimizu Ryota Higuchi Toshifumi Wakai Hiroyuki Isayama Takuji Okusaka Toshio Tsuyuguchi Yoshiki Hirooka Junji Furuse Hiroyuki Maguchi Kojiro Suzuki Hideya Yamazaki Hiroshi Kijima Akio Yanagisawa Masahiro Yoshida Yukihiro Yokoyama Takashi Mizuno Itaru Endo 杨翼飞(译) 仇毓东(译) 赵梦珂(译) 伏旭(译) 蔡正华(译) 毛凉(审校) | 2021 | 中华消化外科杂志2021，20，4： | 7 |
| 16 | 自发性突发性耳聋危险因素分析显示文摘 | 施海龙 Mieko Nakamura Satoshi Iwasaki Nobuo Aoki 王亚奇 金鑫 俞佳 | 2007 | 中国卫生统计2007，24，5： | 7 |
| 17 | Neither Multiple Tumors Nor Portal Hypertension Are Surgical Contraindications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma显示文摘 | Takeaki Ishizawa Kiyoshi Hasegawa Taku Aoki Michiro Takahashi Yosuke Inoue Keiji Sano Hiroshi Imamura Yasuhiko Sugawara Norihiro Kokudo Masatoshi Makuuchi | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，7： | 7 |
| 18 | Prognostic Impact of Anatomic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma显示文摘 | Kiyoshi Hasegawa Norihiro Kokudo Hiroshi Imamura Yutaka Matsuyama Taku Aoki Masami Minagawa Keiji Sano Yasuhiko Sugawara Tadatoshi Takayama Masatoshi Makuuchi | 2005 | Annals of Surgery2005，，2： | 6 |
| 19 | AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, and GP73 as markers for monitoring treatment response and recurrence and as surrogate markers of clinicopathological variables of HCC显示文摘 | Kentaroh Yamamoto Hiroshi Imamura Yutaka Matsuyama Yukio Kume Hitoshi Ikeda Gary L. Norman Zakera Shums Taku Aoki Kiyoshi Hasegawa Yoshifumi Beck Yasuhiko Sugawara Norihiro Kokudo | 2010 | Journal of Gastroenterology2010，，12： | 6 |
| 20 | 测量分权的挑战显示文摘世界上许多政府或是在考虑、或是在进行着财政和决策制定权向次国家政府的分权改革。但是对政策制定者和研究人员来说,一个有趣的问题是,分权在多大程度上实际发生了?回答这个问题就需要我们以某种形式进行测量。论文说明了在试图设计行政和财政分权测量措施中所遇到的挑战,并指出,在设计地方政府行政和财政自治程度的精确指标时需要付出相当大的努力。 | Larry Schroeder Naomi Aoki 熊美娟 | 2009 | 公共行政评论2009，2，2： | 6 |
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