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| 1 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases not unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.Few challenges arise in reaching an accurate diagnosis in light of such physiological changes.Laboratory test results should be carefully interpreted and the knowledge of what normal changes to expect is prudent to avoid clinical misjudgment.Other challenges entail the methods of treatment and their safety for both the mother and the baby.This review summarizes liver diseases that are not unique to pregnancy.We focus on viral hepatitis and its mode of transmission,diagnosis,effect on the pregnancy,the mother,the infant,treatment,and breast-feeding.Autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,Wilson’s disease,Budd Chiari and portal vein thrombosis in pregnancy are also discussed.Pregnancy is rare in patients with cirrhosis because of the metabolic and hormonal changes associated with cirrhosis.Variceal bleeding can happen in up to 38%of cirrhotic pregnant women.Management of portal hypertension during pregnancy is discussed.Pregnancy increases the pathogenicity leading to an increase in the rate of gallstones.We discuss some of the interventions for gallstones in pregnancy if symptoms arise.Finally,we provide an overview of some of the options in managing hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 17 |
| 2 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.This review summarizes liver diseases that are unique to pregnancy.We discuss clinical conditions that are seen only in pregnant women and involve the liver;from Hyperemesis Gravidarum that happens in 1out of 200 pregnancies and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy(0.5%-1.5%prevalence),to the more frequent condition of preeclampsia(10%prevalence)and its severe form;hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and a low platelet count syndrome(12%of pregnancies with preeclampsia),to the rare entity of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy(incidence of 1 per 7270 to 13000deliveries).Although pathogeneses behind the development of these aliments are not fully understood,theories have been proposed.Some propose the special physiological changes that accompany pregnancy as a precipitant.Others suggest a constellation of factors including both the mother and her fetus that come together to trigger those unique conditions.Reaching a timely and accurate diagnosis of such conditions can be challenging.The timing of the condition in relation toward which trimester it starts at is a key.Accurate diagnosis can be made using specific clinical findings and blood tests.Some entities have well-defined criteria that help not only in making the diagnosis,but also in classifying the disease according to its severity.Management of these conditions range from simple medical remedies to measures such as immediate termination of the pregnancy.In specific conditions,it is prudent to have expert obstetric and medical specialists teaming up to help improve the outcomes. | Khulood T Ahmed Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 10 |
| 3 | Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome:An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased dramatically by 80% over the past two decades in the United States. Numerous basic science and clinical studies have documented a strong association between hepatocellular carcinoma and the metabolic syndrome. These studies have documented that, in most patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma through the cirrhotic process. However, minority of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis.This review summarizes the current literature of the link between hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome with special emphasis on various components of the metabolic syndrome including risk of association with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia,and hypertension. Current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical features, treatments, outcomes,and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in the background of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is reviewed. With the current epidemic of metabolic syndrome, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing.Subsequently, it is expected that the incidence and prevalence of HCC will also increase. It is very important for the scientific community to shed more light on the pathogenesis of HCC with metabolic syndrome,both with and without cirrhosis. At the same time it is also important to quantify the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the metabolic syndrome in a prospective setting and develop surveillance recommendations for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic syndrome. | Rubayat Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Al-mashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2013，5，9： | 8 |
| 4 | 二维波穿过单节理的透射率特性及其隐含意义显示文摘二维波穿过单节理的问题是一个复杂的多因素影响问题,其透射率影响因素有:节理无量纲刚度、射线角、巷道半径、所在点离巷道中心的径向距离以及岩石力学性能参数.对二维波穿过单节理的透射率进行了详细的算例分析.归纳了二维波穿过单节理后透射率特性,在此基础上提出了相关问题的研究策略.分析结果表明:单节理后各节点透射率的研究,可以通过单节理后某一以巷道或钻孔中心为中心的圆弧上各节点的透射率来展开;射线角为90°的射线上节理后各节点透射率的研究,可以通过节理后某一节点的透射率来展开;单节理的透射率的研究可以在一个固定半径值的巷道或钻孔的模型上用一种典型的岩石进行. | 雷卫东 ASHRAF M H 滕军 赵坚 宋宏伟 | 2006 | 中国矿业大学学报2006，35，4： | 7 |
| 5 | Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic, gallbladder and biliary tract Lesions显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided fine needle aspira-tion(FNA) of the liver is a safe procedure in the diag-nosis and staging of hepatobiliary malignancies with a minimal major complication rate. EUS-FNA is useful for liver lesions poorly accessible to other imaging modali-ties of the liver. EUS-guided FNA of biliary neoplasia and malignant biliary stricture is superior to the con-ventional endoscopic brushing and biopsy. | Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf Almashhrawi Jamal A Ibdah | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，11： | 7 |
| 6 | Flow cytometric detection of hepatitis C virus antigens in infected peripheral blood leukocytes: Binding and entry显示文摘AIM: We designed two synthetic-core-specific peptides core 1 (C1) and core 2 (C2), and an E1-specific peptide (E1). We produced specific polyclonal antibodies againstthese peptides and used the antibodies for detection of HCV antigens on surface and within infected peripheral blood leukocytes.METHODS: Peripheral blood from a healthy individual who tested negative for HCV RNA was incubated with HCV type 4 infected serum for 1 h and 24 h at 37 ℃. Cells were stained by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS: After 1 h of incubation, antibodies against C1,C2, and E1 detected HCV antigens on the surface of 27%,26% and 73% of monocytes respectively, while 10%, 5% and 9% of lymphocytes were positive with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti-E1 respectively. Only 1-3% of granulocytes showed positive staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti E1 antibodies. After 24 h of incubation, we found no surface staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 or anti-E1. Direct immunostaining using anti-C2 could not detect intracellular HCV antigens, after 1 h of incubation with the virus, while after 24 h of incubation, 28% of infected cells showed positive staining. Only plus strand RNA was detectable intracellularly as early as 1 h after incubation, and remained detectable throughout 48 h post-infection.Interestingly, minus RNA strand could not be detected after 1 h, but became strongly detectable intracellularly after 24 h post-infection.CONCLUSION: Monocytes and lymphocytes are the preferred target cells for HCV infection in peripheral blood leukocytes. Our specific anti-core and anti-E1 antibodies are valuable reagents for demonstration of HCV cell cycle.Also, HCV is capable of infecting and replicating in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as confirmed by detection of minus strand HCV RNA as well as intracellular staining of core HCV antigen. | Mostafa K El-Awady Ashraf A Tabll El-Rashdy M Redwan Samar Youssef Moataza H Omran Fouad Thakeb Maha El-Demellawy | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，33： | 4 |
| 7 | Global and segmental myocardial deformation by 2D speckle tracking compared to visual assessment显示文摘AIM:To examine the feasibility and reliability of measuring global and segmental longitudinal strain(LS) compared to visual assessment of wall motion(WM).METHODS:Assessment of segmental(17 left ventricular segments) LS using automatic function imaging(AFI) in 55 patients(60.0 ± 8.7 years,73% male) divided into 2 groups:groupⅠ included 35 patients with WM abnormalities and/or impaired ejection fraction and group Ⅱ included 20 patients with normal WM and ejection fraction.Visual analysis of WM abnormalities was performed using 2-dimensional echocardiography(2DE) and WM score was calculated.Both modalities were analyzed by one expert reader at 2 different sessions.RESULTS:Analysis of 935 left ventricular segments was completed in 94.1% and 96.3% by visual assessment and AFI,respectively.There was a strong positive linear relationship between the WM score and global LS in all patients.Intra-observer agreement for calculation of WM score was excellent for groupⅠ patients(kappa:0.97) and very good for group Ⅱ patients(kappa:0.92).Intra-observer agreement for AFI showed excellent agreement with very small mean difference in both groupⅠ and Ⅱ(-0.0 ± 2.3 and-0.0 ± 1.9,respectively).CONCLUSION:The interpretation of global and segmental LS using AFI is a more feasible and reliable technique for the quantification of myocardial deformation than visual assessment of WM scores. | Ashraf M Anwar | 2012 | World Journal of Cardiology2012，4，12： | 3 |
| 8 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Liver transplantation in pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy in patients with advanced liver disease is uncommon as most women with decompensated cirrhosis are infertile and have high rate of anovulation.However,if gestation ensued;it is very challenging and carries high risks for both the mother and the baby such as higher rates of spontaneous abortion,prematurity,pulmonary hypertension,splenic artery aneurysm rupture,postpartum hemorrhage,and a potential for life-threatening variceal hemorrhage and hepatic decompensation.In contrary,with orthotopic liver transplantation,menstruation resumes and most women of childbearing age are able to conceive,give birth and lead a better quality of life.Women with orthotopic liver transplantation seeking pregnancy should be managed carefully by a team consultation with transplant hepatologist,maternal-fetal medicine specialist and other specialists.Pregnant liver transplant recipients need to stay on immunosuppression medication to prevent allograft rejection.Furthermore,these medications need to be monitored carefully and continued throughout pregnancy to avoid potential adverse effects to mother and baby.Thus delaying pregnancy 1 to 2 years after transplantation minimizes fetal exposure to high doses of immunosuppressants.Pregnant female liver transplant patients have a high rate of cesarean delivery likely due to the high rate of prematurity in this population.Recent reports suggest that with close monitoring and multidisciplinary team approach,most female liver transplant recipient of childbearing age will lead a successful pregnancy. | Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat Rahman Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 3 |
| 9 | HepG2 cells support viral replication and gene expression of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in vitro显示文摘瞄准:与丙肝的长期的复制建立一个房间文化系统病毒(HCV ) 染色体和病毒的抗原的表示在试管内。方法:HepG2 房间线被孵化与长期的丙肝从一个病人与浆液为它的危险性测试到 HCV。房间和上层清液在文化期间在各种各样的时间点被收获。文化上层清液为它感染天真的房间的能力被测试。存在减(反感觉) 在房间的核心和 E1 抗原的 RNA 海滨,和察觉被 RT-PCR 和免疫学的技术(流动血细胞计数和西方的污点) 分别地检验。结果:细胞内部的 HCV RNA 首先在 d 上被检测 3 在感染以后然后能一致地在至少三个月的一个时期上在房间和上层清液被检测。新鲜房间能从有教养的感染的房间感染上层清液。流动 cytometric 分析证明表面和在房子里使用的细胞内部的 HCV 抗原表示使 polyclonal 成为了抗体(反核心,和 anti-E1 ) 。西方的污点分析证明在分子量的产生免疫性的肽的簇的表示在一个月内在 31 和 45 kDa 之间延长了感染的房间的旧文化而这簇在 uninfected HepG2 房间是无法发现的。结论:HepG2 房间线产生 HCV 感染而且支持它的复制在试管内不仅。HCV 结构的蛋白质的表示能在感染的 HepG2 房间被检测。这些房间也能够流病毒的粒子进接着对 uninfected 房间变得传染的培养基。 | Mostafa K El-Awady Ashraf A Tabll Yasmine S El-Abd Mahmoud M Bahgat Hussein A Shoeb Samar S Youssef Noha G Bader El Din El-Rashdy M Redwan Maha El-Demellawy Moataza H Omran Wael T El-Garf Said A Goueli | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，30： | 2 |
| 10 | Pullout performance of inclined helical screw anchors in sand 显示文摘 | Ashraf M Ghaly Samuel P Clemence | 1998 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering1998，124，7： | 2 |
| 11 | Regular arrangement of collecting venules:Does patient age affect its accuracy?显示文摘AIM:To address the diagnostic value of the regular arrangement of collecting venules(RAC)among old age patients. METHODS:A total of 390 consecutive patients whose Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)status was known and who received upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,were retrospectively studied for the presence or absence of RAC as well as gastric mucosal atrophy.The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value,negative predic-tive value and accuracy of RAC to detect normal gastric mucosa were assessed and were compared among two different age groups of patients. RESULTS:The mean age±standard deviation(SD)of included patients(n=390),was 62.9±13 years.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of RAC to detect normal gastric mucosa were 91.7%,66.1%,18.8%,99%and 68.1%respectively.Although the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of RAC among patients<60 years(n= 139)was 94.7%,71.2%,46.2%,98.1%and 76.1%,respectively,it was 80%,64.3%,5.1%,93%and 64.6%, respectively,among patients≥60 years(n=251). Younger Patients(<60 years),have highly significant rates of RAC sensitivity,positive predictive value,and accuracy(P≤0.001,≤0.001 and≤0.02,respectively).Older patients had highly significant rates of H. pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy(P≤0.01). CONCLUSION:Although RAC is a valuable sign for real-time identification of normal gastric mucosa,its accuracy seems to be affected by the patient's age. | Alshimaa Alaboudy Ashraf Elbahrawy Shigemi Matsumoto Ghada M Galal Tsutomu Chiba | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，3，6： | 2 |
| 12 | Synthesis of unsaturated polyester resins based on rosin acrylic acid adduct for coating applications显示文摘 | Ayman M Atta Ashraf M Elsaeed Reem K Farag | 2007 | Reactive and Functional Polymers2007，67，： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization of exogenous hydroxyl radical effects on myocardial function, metabolism and ultrastructure显示文摘 | Takemura G Onocera T Ashraf M | 1994 | Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology1994，26，： | 1 |
| 14 | Synthesis,characterization,antibacterialand corrosion protective properties of epoxies,epoxy-polyols and epoxy-polyurethane coatings from linseed and Pongamia glabra seed oils显示文摘 | ASHRAF Sharif Ahmad | 2007 | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules2007，，40： | 1 |
| 15 | Breeding for salinity tolerance in plants显示文摘 | Ashraf M | 1994 | Crit Rev Plant Sci1994，13，： | 1 |
| 16 | On Jordan generalized derivations in rings显示文摘 | ASHRAF M REHMAN N | 2000 | Okayama Univ Math J2000，42，： | 1 |
| 17 | Connective tissue changes in early ischemia of porcine myocardium: an ultrastructural study显示文摘 | Sato S Ashraf M Millard RW | 1983 | Mol Cell Cardiol1983，15，： | 1 |
| 18 | Nitrogen losses from tops of three rice varieties grown in nutrient culture solution显示文摘 | ASHRAF M SHAMSI S R A SAJJAD M I | 1997 | Pakistan J Bot1997，29，： | 1 |
| 19 | Salicylic Acid Alleviates the Cadmium Toxicity in Barley Saedlings显示文摘 | Ashraf M Iris F Manfred G | 2003 | Plant Physiology2003，132，： | 1 |
| 20 | Osmotic adjustment in sorghum under NaCl stress 显示文摘 | KHAN A H ASHRAF M Y AZMI A R | 1992 | Physiol Plant1992，14，： | 1 |
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