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| 1 | Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon显示文摘AIM To assess the burden of norovirus(No V) and to determine the diversity of circulating strains among hospitalized children in Lebanon. METHODS Stool samples were collected from children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to six major hospitals in Lebanon. A total of 739 eligible stool samples, testing negative for diarrhea caused by rotavirus as a possible viral pathogen, were collected between January 2011 and June 2013. A standardized questionnaire including demographic, epidemiological and clinical observations was used at the time of hospitalization of children presenting with diarrhea. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of a fragment of the viral protein 1 capsid gene. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA 6 software.RESULTS Overall, 11.2% of stool samples collected from children aged < 5 years tested positive for No V genogroups Ⅰ(GⅠ) and Ⅱ(GⅡ). GⅡ accounted for 10.6% of the gastroenteritis cases with only five samples being positive for GⅠ(0.7%). The majority of hospitalized children showed symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and fever. Upon sequencing of positive samples and based on their clustering in the phylogenetic tree, 4/5 of GⅠ gastroenteritis cases were designated GⅠ.3 and one case as GⅠ.4. GⅡ.4 was predominantly detected in stool of our study participants(68%). We report a JB-15/KOR/2008 GⅡ.4 Apeldoorn 2008-like variant strain circulating in 2011; this strain was replaced between 2012 and 2013 by a variant sharing homology with the Sydney/NSW0514/2012/AUS GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 and Sydney 2012/FRA GⅡ.4 strains. We also report the co-circulation of non-GⅡ.4 genotypes among hospitalized children. Our data show that No V gastroenteritis can occur throughout the year with the highest number of cases detected during the hot months.CONCLUSION The majority of No V-associated viral gastroenteritis cases among our participants are attributable to GⅡ.4, which is compatible with results reported worldwide. | Nada M Melhem Hassan Zaraket Khalil Kreidieh Zeinab Ali Moza Hammadi Soha Ghanem Farah Hajar Amjad Haidar Adlette Inati Mariam Rajab Hassan Fakhouri Bassam Ghanem Ghassan Baasiri Ghassan Dbaibo | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，48： | 3 |
| 2 | Peste des petits ruminants in goats in Pakistan显示文摘 | AMJAD H QAMAR ul I FORSYTH M | 1996 | VetRec1996，139，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Variations in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in Indian populations of different ethnic origins显示文摘 | Pasha M A Qadar Khan Amjad P Kumar Ratan | 2002 | J Biosci2002，27，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Peste des petits ruminants in goats in Pakistan显示文摘 | Amjad H Qamarul I Forsyth M | 1996 | Vet Rec1996，139，5： | 1 |
| 5 | An improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)based MPPT for PV with reduced steady-state oscillation显示文摘 | Ishaque K Salam Z Amjad M | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics2012，27，8： | 1 |
| 6 | T herapy in the management of paediatric wounds: clinical review and experience显示文摘 | Baharestani M Amjad I Bookout K | 2009 | Int Wound J2009，6，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Therapy in the management of pediatric wounds:clinical review and experience显示文摘 | BAHARESTANI M AMJAD I BOOKOUT K | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis, design, and implementation of multiple parallel ozone chambers for high flow rate 显示文摘 | Amjad M Salam Z | 2014 | IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics2014，61，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Use of grain size distri- bution parameters to explain variation in small grain screenings of wheat in multi-environment trials involving new cultivars 显示文摘 | DL Sharma BJ Shackley M Amjad CM Zaieou-Kunesch MF D' Antuono WK Anderson | 2009 | Crop & Pasture Science2009，60，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Peste des petits ruminants in goats in Pakistan显示文摘 | Amjad H Qamar-ul Islam Forsyth M | 1996 | Vet Rec1996，139，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Transcription factors as tools to engineer enhanced drought stress tolerance in plants 显示文摘 | HUSSAIN S S KAYANI M A AMJAD M | 2011 | Biotechnol Prog2011，27，： | 1 |
| 12 | Peste des Petits Ruminants in Goats in Pakistan显示文摘 | AMJAD H QAMAR U L I FORSYTH M | 1996 | Vet Rec1996，139，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Physical and genetic map of Streptococcus rnutans GS 5 and localization of five rRNA operons显示文摘 | Cappiello M G Hantman M J Zuccon F M Peruzzi F Amjad M Piggot P J | 1999 | Oral Microbiol Immunol1999，14，： | 1 |
| 14 | Interactive effect of light,temperature and TDZ on the regeneration potential of leaf discs of Fragaria×ananassa Duch显示文摘 | Amjad M Abdin M Z | 2007 | In Vitro Cellular&Developmental BiologyPlant2007，43，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Decreased in terferonalpha production and impaired regulatory function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells induced by the hepatitis C virus NS 5 protein显示文摘 | Amjad M Abdel Haq N Faisal M | 2008 | Microbiol Im munol2008，52，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Microbial degradation of phenol by lo- cally isolated soil bacteria显示文摘 | Awan Z R Shah A H Amjad M | 2013 | Global Advanced Research Journal of Mi- crobiology2013，2，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Transcription factors as tools to engineer enhanced drought stress tolerance in plants 显示文摘 | Hussain S S Kayani M A Amjad M | 2011 | Biotechnology Progress2011，27，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Proteus Mirabilis Clinical Isolate Harbouring a New Variant of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 Containing the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Region显示文摘 | ASHRAF M A AMJAD I A TADASHI S | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 19 | Keratinocyte regulation of TGF-beta and connective tissue growth factor expression:a role in suppression of scar tissue formation显示文摘 | Amjad SB Carachi R Edward M | 2007 | Wound Repair Regen2007，15，5： | 1 |
| 20 | An improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based MPPT for PV with reduced steady-state oscillation 显示文摘 | ISHAQUE K SALAM Z AMJAD M | 2012 | IEEE transactions on power electronics2012，27，8： | 1 |
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