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| 1 | Seasonal changes of soil erosion and its spatial distribution on a long gentle hillslope in the Chinese Mollisol region显示文摘Understanding seasonal soil erosion and deposition rates and their spatial distribution along sloping farmlands are necessary for erosion prediction technology and implementing effective soil conservation practices.To date seasonal change of soil erosion and soil redistribution on long gentle hillsiopes are not fully quantified due to the variable erosive forces in different seasons.A multi-tracer method using rare earth elements(REE)was employed to discriminate seasonal changes of soil erosion and its spatial distribution on a sloping farmland driven by snowmelt runoff,wind force and rainfall-runoff.A long-slope runoff plot with 5 m wide and 320 m long located in the typical Mollisol region of China was divided into eight segments,each of which was 40 m long and tagged with one of eight REE oxides.The spot method of a partial-area tagging scheme was employed and a grid-based layout was used for REE application.Results showed that annual soil erosion rate was 3251.01 km^(-2)for the whole runoff plot,in which snowmelt runoff erosion contributed 537.3 t km^(-2),wind erosion 363.11 km-2 and rainfall-runoff erosion 2350.6 t km^(-2).Surface runoff is the main external erosive force of hillslope soil erosion,accounting for 88.8%of the total annual soil loss.Furthermore,for the eight slope segments of the 320-m long hillslope,the sediment transport ratios of each slope segment caused by snowmelt runoff and rainfall-runoff erosion were more than 23.5%and 34.7%,respectively.The results will enrich the understanding of seasonal soil erosion on long hillsiopes. | Lei Wang Fenli Zheng Gang Liu Xunchang J.Zhang Glenn V.Wilson Hongqiang Shi Xujun Liu | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Microbial Resources and Ecology - Microbial Degradation of Pesticides显示文摘Pesticides play an important role in preventing insect pests and weeds in crops. However, due to the serious threat of pesticide residues to environmental and human health, this paper reviews the hazards of pesticide residues, the mechanism of microbial degradation of pesticides, the factors that aff ect the degradation of pesticides and the new application of microbial degradation of pesticides. | Xiaolan Ye Fei Dong Xiangyang Lei | 2018 | Natural Resources Conservation and Research2018，1，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Assessing soil thickness in a black soil watershed in northeast China using random forest and field observations显示文摘Soil thickness determines the soil productivity in the black soil region of northeast China,which is important for national food security.Existing information on the spatial variation of black soil thickness is inadequate.In this paper,we propose a model framework for spatial estimation of the black soil thickness at the watershed scale by integrating field observations,unmanned aerial vehicle variations of topography,and satellite variations of vegetation with the aid of random forest.We sampled 141 sample profiles over a watershed and identified the black soil thickness based on indices of the mollic epipedon.Topographic variables were derived from a digital elevation model and vegetation variables were derived from Landsat 8 imagery.Random forest was used to determine the relationship between black soil thickness and environmental variables.The resulting model explained 61%of the black soil thickness spatial variation,which was more than twice that of traditional interpolation methods(ordinary kriging,universal kriging and inverse distance weighting).Topographic variables contributed the most toward explaining the thickness,followed by vegetation indices.The black soil thickness over the watershed had a clear catenary soil pattern,with thickest black soil in the low depositional areas and thinnest at the higher elevations that drain into the low areas.The proposed model framework will improve estimates of soil thickness in the region of our study. | Shuai Zhang Gang Liu Shuli Chen Craig Rasmussen Baoyuan Liu | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，1： | 5 |
| 4 | The soil configuration on granite residuals affects Benggang erosion by altering the soil water regime on the slope显示文摘A permanent collapsing gully,locally called Benggang,formed on slopes with deep granite red soil and is a type of unique gully erosion widely prevalent in southern China.Three different soil configurations(SC),ie,red-transition-sandy(SC I,the transition is the soil layer between the red soil and the sandy soil layer),transition-sandy(SC II)or sandy(SC III)are usually present in the soil profile of the Benggang slope.However,little attention has been paid to impacts of SCs on the triggering of Benggang erosion.In this study,we aimed to explore the relationships between soil water content(SWC)and triggering of Benggang erosion under different SC conditions.The soil properties of different soil layers were measured and the SWC at depths of 20,40,60,and 80 cm were monitored at 5-min intervals along a typical Benggang(SC I)during 2016-2018.The SWC of Benggang slopes with different SCs were simulated by VADOSE/W model.Results showed that the red soil layer had a higher water retention capacity and shear strength than the sandy soil layer.Even if the SWC is higher(e.g.,0.42 cm^(3)/cm^(3))at red soil layer or transition layer,the corresponding shear strength is greater than that of sandy soil layer with a lower SWC(e.g.,032 cm^(3)/cm^(3)).Relationships between shear strength and SWC of different soil layers indicate that Benggang erosion is triggered by an increase in the SWC in the deep sandy layer.Results also showed that differences exist in the SWC distribution among the different SCs.The SWC is higher in topsoil than in deeper soil in SC I and SC II,while in SC III,the opposite trend is observed.These results revealed that the presence of the red soil or transition layer can reduce the infiltration of rainwater into the deep sandy layer,thus can reduce the possibility of collapse.Our results show that the SC affects the stability of the headwall,and results provide great significances to guide the mitigation of Benggang erosion. | Xiaoqian Duan Yusong Deng Yu Tao Yangbo He Lirong Lin Jiazhou Chen | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 4 |
| 5 | Soil erosion assessment by RUSLE with improved P factor and its validation:Case study on mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China显示文摘The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is widely used to estimate regional soil erosion.However,quantitative impacts of soil and water conservation(SWC)measures on conservation practice factor(P)of the RUSLE remain largely unclear,especially for the mountainous and hilly areas.In this study,we improved the RUSLE by considering quantitative impacts of different SWC measures on the P factor value.The improved RUSLE was validated against the long-term(2000-2015)soil erosion monitoring data obtained from 96 runoff plots(15—35°)in mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China;the result presented a high accuracy with the determination coefficient of 0.89.Based on the erosion monitoring data of 2018 and 2019,the Root Mean Square Error of the result by the improved RUSLE was 28.0%smaller than that by the original RUSLE with decrement of 19.6%—24.0%in the average P factor values,indicating that the soil erosion modelling accuracy was significantly enhanced by the improved RUSLE.Relatively low P factor values appeared for farmlands with tillage measures(P<0.53),grasslands with engineering measures(P<0.23),woodlands with biological measures(P<0.28),and other land use types with biological measures(P<0.51).The soil erosion modulus showed a downward trend with the corresponding values of 1681.21,1673.14,1594.70,1482.40 and 1437.50 t km^(-2)a-1 in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2019,respectively.The applicability of the improved RUSLE was verified by the measurements in typical mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China,and arrangements of SWC measures of this area were proposed. | Pei Tian Zhanliang Zhu Qimeng Yue Yi He Zhaoyi Zhang Fanghua Hao Wenzhao Guo Lin Chen Muxing Liu | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 4 |
| 6 | Acid leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil collected from Jeddah,Saudi Arabia:kinetic and thermodynamics studies显示文摘Urban soils polluted with heavy metals are of increasing concern because it is greatly affecting human health and the ecological systems.Hence,it is mandatory to understand the reasons behind this pollution and remediate the contaminated solid.The removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil samples collected from the vicinity of the sewage lake in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia,was explored.The leaching process was studied kinetically and thermodynamically for better understanding of the remediation process.The results showed that the soil samples were slightly basic in nature,and tend to be more neutral away from the main contaminated sewage lake area.The total metal content in the soil samples was measured using the aqua regia extractions by ICPOES and the results showed that many of the heavy metals present have significant concentrations above the tolerable limits.In general,the metal concentrations at different sites indicated that the heavy metal pollution is mainly due to the sewage discharge to the lake.The results showed excellent correlation between the concentrations of Co,As,and Hg with the distance from the main contaminated area.The leaching of Co,As,and Hg using 1.0 M hydrochloric acid from the soil was studied kinetically at different temperatures and the experimental results were fitted using different kinetics models.The experimental data were best described with two-constant rate and Elovich equation kinetic models.Also,the thermodynamic study showed that the leaching process was spontaneous,endothermic and accompanied with increase in the entropy.In general,the polluted soil could be remediated successfully from the heavy metals using the acid leaching procedure in a short period of time. | Shorouq I.Alghanmi Amani F.Al Sulami Tahani A.El-Zayat Basma G.Alhogbi Mohamed Abdel Salam | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，3： | 4 |
| 7 | Duration and intensity of rainfall events with the same erosivity change sediment yield and runoff rates显示文摘The effect of different rainfall patterns on surface runoff,infiltration and thus soil losses and sediment concentrations are still in the focus of current research.In most simulated rainfall experiments,pre-cipitation is applied at a fixed intensity for a fixed time.However,the impact of rainfall patterns on soil erosion processes may be different varying the rainfall duration and intensity that produces an event with similar rainfall erosivity values.Twenty-five rainfall events were applied on micro-scale runoff plots in a soil covered with corn straw to evaluate the sediment yield and runoff rates.The different rainfall types were composed by association of duration(Dur)and intensity(IP)with the same erosivity value.The Dur varied from 38 to 106 min and the IP varied from 75.0 to 44.6 mm h^(-1).The sediment yield varied from 1.89±1.26 g m^(-2) to 4.02±2.66 g m^(-2) and runoff ranged from 16.9±8.74 mm to 32.63±10.67 mm with highest rates occurring with high intensity and low duration.The highest rainfall intensity provides the maximum sediment yield(0.138 g m^(-2) min^(-1))and runoff rates(0.87 mm min^(-1)).The time to start surface runoff varied from 14 to 19.2 min and it was longer in treatments with longer durations and low precipitation intensity.No difference was found in the amount of sediments applying rain with the same erosivity and different associations of duration and intensity.However,the intensity and duration of the rain,with the same erosivity,altered the amount and time of runoff.In rainfall experiments with con-stant intensity and fixed time,the erosion rates depend on the duration of the applied rain.Therefore,the results of this study can contribute to the development of new perspectives in the design of water erosion experiments with simulated rain considering the duration,intensity and also the association of these variables to produce rainfall that delivery the same soil erosion capacity. | Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Steffen Seitz Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Soil loss estimation using GIS and Remote sensing techniques:A case of Koga watershed,Northwestern Ethiopia显示文摘Soil loss by runoff is a severe and continuous ecological problem in Koga watershed.Deforestation,improper cultivation and uncontrolled grazing have resulted in accelerated soil erosion.Information on soil loss is essential to support agricultural productivity and natural resource management.Thus,this study was aimed to estimate and map the mean annual soil loss by using GIS and Remote sensing techniques.The soil loss was estimated by using Revised Universal Soil Equation(RUSLE)model.Topographic map of 1:50,000 scale,Aster Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of 20 m spatial resolution,digital soil map of 1:250,000 scale,thirteen years rainfall records of four stations,and land sat imagery(TM)with spatial resolution of 30 m was used to derive RUSLE's soil loss variables.The RUSLE parameters were analyzed and integrated using raster calculator in the geo-processing tools in ArcGIS 10.1 environment to estimate and map the annual soil loss of the study area.The result revealed that the annual soil loss of the watershed extends from none in the lower and middle part of the watershed to 265 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in the steeper slope part of the watershed with a mean annual soil loss of 47 t ha^(-1) year^(-1).The total annual soil loss in the watershed was 255283 t,of these,181801(71%)tones cover about 6691(24%)hectare of land.Most of these soil erosion affected areas are spatially situated in the upper steepest slope part(inlet)of the watershed.These are areas where Nitosols and Alisols with higher soil erodibility character(0.25)values are dominant.Hence,Slope gradient and length followed by soil erodibility factors were found to be the main factors of soil erosion.Thus,sustainable soil and water conservation practices should be adopted in steepest upper part of the study area by respecting and recognizing watershed logic,people and watershed potentials. | Habtamu Sewnet Gelagay Amare Sewnet Minale | 2016 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2016，4，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Root tensile strength of terrace hedgerow plants in the karst trough valleys of SW China:Relation with root morphology and fiber content显示文摘Root tensile strength is commonly affected by root morphology and fiber content,which combinedly affect the effectiveness of terrace hedgerow on controlling soil erosion in sloping farmland.However,the relationships between these root characteristics are still elusive.This study aimed to compare the root tensile strength,root morphologies,and root fiber contents,and quantify their differences among different plant species.Complete root systems of three terrace hedgerow plant species,i.e.,O.bodinieri,V.villosa,and D.lablab L.were sampled for detecting root morphologies and fiber contents at different slope positions on a representative hillslope in karst trough valley.Single root specimens were collected to measure root tensile properties for these three plant species.Results showed that most root morphological parameters were the highest in O.bodinieri,followed by D.lablab L.Three plant species presented the same dominant diameter class as<1.0 mm,and root volumes as<1.50 cm3.Cellulose with contents closing to 50%was the main fiber type,and increased significantly linearly with the increasing root diameter in both O.bodinieri and V.villosa.The highest tensile strength and Young's modulus were found in D.lablab L.,while the best ultimate tensile force and ultimate elongation were displayed in O.bodinieri.Root diameter showed negative power relationships with tensile strength and Young's modulus,a positive power relationship with ultimate tensile force,and a positive linear relationship with ultimate elongation.Our results will deepen the understanding of the terrace hedgerow functions for controlling soil erosion worldwide. | Yun Chen Han Tang Binghui He Zhehao Yan Xiaohong Liu Jiaojiao Qiang | 2022 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2022，10，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Emerging pollutants in the environment:A challenge for water resource management显示文摘A significant number of emerging pollutants(EPs)resulting from point and diffuse pollution is present in the aquatic environment.These are chemicals that are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects.According to the NORMAN network,at least 700 substances categorized into 20 classes,have been identified in the European aquatic environment.In light of their potential impact action is urgently required.In this study,we present a concept that shows the current state of art and challenges for monitoring programs,fate and risk assessment tools and requirements for policies with respect to emerging pollutants as a base for sustainable water resource management.Currently,methods for sampling and analysis are not harmonized,being typically focused on certain EP classes.For a number of known highly hazardous EPs detection limits are too high to allow proper risk assessment.For other EPs such as microplastics method development is in its infancy.Advanced ultra-sensitive instrumental techniques should be used for quantitative determination of prioritized EPs in water,suspended matter,soil and biota.Data on EPs'and their metabolites'properties that determine their fate in the environment are often not available.National surveys on water quality often use different parameters for water quality assessment and often do not include EPs.A harmonized monitoring of surface and groundwater is not yet achieved and urgently required.Specific component integrated into models assessing the fate of EPs in a multi compartment environmental approach are missing and must be developed.The main goal of risk assessment is the overall protection of ecological communities in the aquatic environment and human health.New methods for assessing the cumulative risks from combined exposures to several stressors,including mixtures of EPs in a multi-scale approach are required.A combination of regulations and management measures with respect to use/emissions of EPs into the environment,as well as to their occurrence in the environment are fundamental to reach an efficient water resource management. | Violette Geissen Hans Mol Erwin Klumpp Günter Umlauf Marti Nadal Martine van der Ploeg Sjoerd E.A.T.M.van de Zee Coen J.Ritsema | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，1： | 3 |
| 11 | Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots显示文摘Soil erosion processes during a storm are strongly affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall characteristics.Four storm patterns,each with a different rainfall intensity variation were separated.The storm patterns were:(1)increasing rainfall intensity(2)increasing then decreasing intensity(3)decreasing intensity(4)decreasing then increasing intensity.After each erosive rainfall(12 events),Runoff and suspended sediment samples were collected in each plot's tank which is located on hillslopes of the basin of Khamsan.Main storm characteristics and soil losses were plotted and equation of the line of best fit were selected.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to determine response of runoff and soil erosion to storm patterns.Results showed that in lower rainfall intensities a linear function fits the relationship between soil loss and rainfall intensity whereas this function tends to be non-linear at higher intensities.Also a strong non-linear relationship was found between different quartiles of storm and soil loss.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in total runoff,soil loss and sediment concentration across four storm patterns(P<0.001)but no differences in the runoff coefficient.In particular,storms with increasing rainfall intensity yielded highest quantities of eroded sediments,total runoff and highest sediment concentrations followed by increasing then decreasing,decreasing then increasing and decreasing intensity,respectively. | Mohamad Ayob Mohamadi Ataollah Kavian | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Influence of salinity and water content on soil microorganisms显示文摘Salinization is one of the most serious land degradation problems facing world.Salinity results in poor plant growth and low soil microbial activity due to osmotic stress and toxic ions.Soil microorganisms play a pivotal role in soils through mineralization of organic matter into plant available nutrients.Therefore it is important to maintain high microbial activity in soils.Salinity tolerant soil microbes counteract osmotic stress by synthesizing osmolytes which allows them to maintain their cell turgor and metabolism.Osmotic potential is a function of the salt concentration in the soil solution and therefore affected by both salinity(measured as electrical conductivity at a certain water content)and soil water content.Soil salinity and water content vary in time and space.Understanding the effect of changes in salinity and water content on soil microorganisms is important for crop production,sustainable land use and rehabilitation of saline soils.In this review,the effects of soil salinity and water content on microbes are discussed to guide future research into management of saline soils. | Nan Yan Petra Marschner Wenhong Cao Changqing Zuo Wei Qin | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，4： | 3 |
| 13 | Spatial optimization of soil and water conservation practices using coupled SWAT model and evolutionary algorithm显示文摘Soil and water conservation practices have been extensively used in effective watershed management.The impact of each conservation practice is site specific and dependent on the implementation site in the watershed.In order to select cost effective placement of conservation practices with high impact,a large number of spatial combinations is needed to be compared.In this study,an optimization model framework is presented to find cost effective solutions for sediment yield and runoff control in the Fariman dam watershed in the Northeast of Iran.This was accomplished by integrating soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)for simulation of watershed hydrology and multi objective genetic algorithm(NSGA-II)for spatial optimization of soil and water conservation practices.The optimized solutions provided a trade-off between the two objective functions.The final Pareto-optimal shows that the impact of soil and water conservation practices on sediment yield is more than stream flow.The trade-offs between the objective functions show that the implementation of the median cost can lead to a significant decrease of 22.1%in the amount of sediment yield,and 10%in stream flow.Also,percent change achieved through median cost is very close to percent reduction with the highest cost.Results of low cost solution show that the vegetative practices are a suitable economic scenario for soil and water conservation.The introduced framework can be adapted as a suitable tool for selecting cost effective conservation practices in different regions. | Farzaeh Naseri Mahmood Azari Mohammad Taghi Dastorani | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，4： | 3 |
| 14 | Natural and anthropogenic rates of soil erosion显示文摘Regions of land that are brought into crop production from native vegetation typically undergo a period of soil erosion instability,and long term erosion rates are greater than for natural lands as long as the land continues being used for crop production.Average rates of soil erosion under natural,non-cropped conditions have been documented to be less than 2 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1).On-site rates of erosion of lands under cultivation over large cropland areas,such as in the United States,have been documented to be on the order of6 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1)or more.In northeastern China,lands that were brought into production during the last century are thought to have average rates of erosion over this large area of as much as 15 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1) or more.Broadly applied soil conservation practices,and in particular conservation tillage and no-till cropping,have been found to be effective in reducing rates of erosion,as was seen in the United States when the average rates of erosion on cropped lands decreased from on the order of 9Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1) to 6 or 7Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1) between 1982 and 2002,coincident with the widespread adoption of new conservation tillage and residue management practices.Taking cropped lands out of production and restoring them to perennial plant cover,as was done in areas of the United States under the Conservation Reserve Program,is thought to reduce average erosion rates to approximately 1 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1) or less on those lands. | Mark A.Nearing Yun Xie Baoyuan Liu Yu Ye | 2017 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2017，5，2： | 3 |
| 15 | A Method for Assessing Hydrologic Alteration within Ecosystems显示文摘 | Brian D.Richter Jeffrey V.Baumgartner JenniferPowell David P.Braun | 2002 | Conservation Biology2002，，4： | 3 |
| 16 | Factor influencing land degradation sensitivity and desertification in a drought prone watershed in Thailand显示文摘This study aimed to assess land degradation sensitivity of an area contributing to desertification risk in Lam Ta Kong Watershed using Environmental Sensitivity Area Index(ESAI).Five risk factors comprised climatic,soil,geographical,land utilization and vegetation,and water resources factors together with fifteen sub-factors were used to analyze the sensitivity to land degradation.The spatial analysis was calculated using Geographic Information System(GIS)and Remote Sensing(RS)techniques.The key factors influencing land degradation risks in the watershed area were analyzed using the triangular fuzzy numbers(TFNs)method.The results showed that approximately 33%of Lam Ta Kong watershed was affected by a high desertification risk excluded the water bodies and around 24.64%of the area suffered from a moderate risk.This research pointed out that key factors causing land degradation and desertification in the watershed area were related to the soil factors,followed by climatic,geographical factors,water resources,and land utilization and vegetation,respectively.The results of this study can be used as a database for planning and implementing area-based mitigations and measures as well as for land use planning in the watershed area. | Saowanee Wijitkosum | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Effects of a check dam system on the runoff generation and concentration processes of a catchment on the Loess Plateau显示文摘As an important soil and water conservation engineering measure,more than 100,000 check dams are constructed across the Loess Plateau;these dams play a vital role in reducing floods and sediment in the region.However,the effects of check dams on hydrologic process are still unclear,particularly when they are deployed as a system for watershed soil and water management.This study examined the watershed hydrologic process modulated by the check dam system in a typical Loess Plateau catchment.By simulating scenarios with various numbers of check dams using a distributed physically-based hydro-logical model,the effects of the number of check dams on runoff generation and concentration were analyzed for the study catchment.The results showed that the presence of check dams reduced the peak discharge and the flood volume and extended the flood duration;the reduction effect on peak discharge was most significant among the three factors.The system of check dams substantially decreased the runoff coefficient,and the runoff coefficient reduction rate was greater for rainstorms with shorter return periods than for rainstorms with longer return periods.The check dams increased the capacity of the catchment regulating and storing floods and extended the average runoff concentration time in the catchment that flattened the instantaneous unit hydrograph.This study reveals the influencing mech-anism of check dam system on the watershed hydrological process under heavy rainstorm conditions and provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of numerous check dams on regional hydrology and water resources on the Loess Plateau. | Shuilong Yuan Zhanbin Li Li Chen Peng Li Zeyu Zhang Junzheng Zhang Anna Wang kunxia Yu | 2022 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2022，10，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Drivers of soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage during karst rocky desertification in SW China显示文摘As an extreme manifestation of environmental degradation,karst rock desertification is caused by soil loss and rock exposure.In some areas with serious rocky desertification,there is no soil to be eroded or leaked.The soil loss in these areas superimposes soil erosion and unique subsurface loss by soil leakage through fissures,pipelines,sinkholes,etc.,which directly reduce soil resources and accelerate rocky desertification.However,the factors driving soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage are still unclear.Rainfall experiments were conducted on simulated slopes with surface-exposed bedrock and subsurface fissures based on field investigations in a karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou Province,China.Four factors,including rainfall intensity,slope gradient,bedrock exposure rate and subsurface fissure degree,were considered in the experiment.We found that the amount of soil surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss is driven not only by the runoff volume but also by other influential factors.Rainfall intensity is the driving factor determining the amount of surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss of soil and water and the relationship between them.The slope gradient plays a leading role only in subsurface fissure flow leakage loss.The bedrock exposure rate drives the surface soil erosion rate,shows a critical value(30%),and dominates the fissure flow leakage loss rate.Subsurface fissure density plays an important role in the surface loss of soil and water;however,an increase in the subsurface fissure density does not obviously accelerate the subsurface leakage loss of soil and water.Although this result,obtained from laboratory simulations,may differ at the field scale or larger,it could provide a foundation for systematic studies on soil erosion/leakage and insights into the relations between rocky desertification and soil erosion/leakage and their driving factors in karst rocky desertification. | Xudong Peng Quanhou Dai | 2022 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2022，10，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Setting priorities for conservation of medicinal plants –– a case study in the Indian Himalaya显示文摘 | Uppeandra Dhar Ranbeer S Rawal Jyoti Upreti | 2000 | Biological Conservation2000，，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Recent advances in assessment of soil erosion vulnerability in a watershed显示文摘Soil erosion is one of the most critical hazards adversely affecting both environment and economy.Assessment of the annual soil erosion rate provides information on soil erosion risk zones indicating the areas with high,severe and low risks.Modelling and prediction of soil erosion has a long history of more than seven decades.It becomes imperative to be familiar with the quantum of studies conducted and methods employed across the world to assess vulnerability of ecosystems to soil erosion to plan strategies for their conservation.There are several methods based on various factors like land use,soil quality,topography etc.available to assess the susceptibility of a region to soil loss.With time the gap in understanding of such models and their use around the world has increased.Numerous models for assessing soil erosion exist but there is a lack of knowledge on spatial distribution of the methods being used.Academic papers related to assessment of soil erosion vulnerability published during the past three decades(1991—2019)were reviewed.Total 160 studies were reviewed to understand advances in the methods used to assess soil erosion vulnerability worldwide,identification of the most popular methods and proportion of studies conducted in the fragile region of Himalayas.The results show that 18 different methods have mainly been used to assess soil erosion risk in different regions.These methods include statistical,physical,process based and empirical models.The use of few physical methods like ANSWERS and SHE has decreased with time while that of physical and process methods like RUSLE,SWAT,WEPP and PESERA has increased with time.The review highlighted that various models being used worldwide are based on their suitability to the region.It also brings to attention that few models like PESERA,EUROSEM and WEPP are mostly being used concentrated in a particular region.Models like PESERA and EPM are mostly used in European region and may be encouraged to estimate soil erosion in Himalayan region.The review also highlights lack of studies with inclusion of water quality as an important parameter while assessing soil erosion vulnerability in the region.The review suggests that in case of lack of data,various statistical methods like PCA,CF,FUZZY etc can be preferred for qualitative assessment over quantitative assessment Considering availability of accurate input,researchers need to attempt more methods and perform comparative studies to attain accurate results for assessing soil erosion vulnerability leading to strategizing soil conservation in fragile regions. | Shachi Pandey Parmanand Kumar Miodrag Zlatic Raman Nautiyal Vijender Pal Panwar | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 2 |
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