| 1 | Recent advances in assessment of soil erosion vulnerability in a watershed显示文摘Soil erosion is one of the most critical hazards adversely affecting both environment and economy.Assessment of the annual soil erosion rate provides information on soil erosion risk zones indicating the areas with high,severe and low risks.Modelling and prediction of soil erosion has a long history of more than seven decades.It becomes imperative to be familiar with the quantum of studies conducted and methods employed across the world to assess vulnerability of ecosystems to soil erosion to plan strategies for their conservation.There are several methods based on various factors like land use,soil quality,topography etc.available to assess the susceptibility of a region to soil loss.With time the gap in understanding of such models and their use around the world has increased.Numerous models for assessing soil erosion exist but there is a lack of knowledge on spatial distribution of the methods being used.Academic papers related to assessment of soil erosion vulnerability published during the past three decades(1991—2019)were reviewed.Total 160 studies were reviewed to understand advances in the methods used to assess soil erosion vulnerability worldwide,identification of the most popular methods and proportion of studies conducted in the fragile region of Himalayas.The results show that 18 different methods have mainly been used to assess soil erosion risk in different regions.These methods include statistical,physical,process based and empirical models.The use of few physical methods like ANSWERS and SHE has decreased with time while that of physical and process methods like RUSLE,SWAT,WEPP and PESERA has increased with time.The review highlighted that various models being used worldwide are based on their suitability to the region.It also brings to attention that few models like PESERA,EUROSEM and WEPP are mostly being used concentrated in a particular region.Models like PESERA and EPM are mostly used in European region and may be encouraged to estimate soil erosion in Himalayan region.The review also highlights lack of studies with inclusion of water quality as an important parameter while assessing soil erosion vulnerability in the region.The review suggests that in case of lack of data,various statistical methods like PCA,CF,FUZZY etc can be preferred for qualitative assessment over quantitative assessment Considering availability of accurate input,researchers need to attempt more methods and perform comparative studies to attain accurate results for assessing soil erosion vulnerability leading to strategizing soil conservation in fragile regions. | Shachi Pandey Parmanand Kumar Miodrag Zlatic Raman Nautiyal Vijender Pal Panwar | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Elemental variations in glacier cryoconites of Indian Himalaya and Spitsbergen,Arctic显示文摘Cryoconite samples were collected from two different climatic domains i.e.,the Sutri Dhaka glacier,western Himalaya India and Svalbard glaciers,the Spitsbergen,Arctic,to understand the elemental source and elemental deposition patterns.The data of geochemical analysis suggest that the Himalayan cryoconite samples accumulate higher concentrations as compared to the cryoconite samples of the Arctic glaciers.The concentration of lithophile elements(Cs,Li,Rb and U)was recorded higher in the cryoconite holes of the Himalayas,especially,in the lower to the higher parts of the glacier,whereas,lower concentrations were recorded in the Arctic samples.Chalcophile elements in the Himalayan cryoconites are enriched in As and Bi while the Arctic cryoconite samples show a higher concentration of Bi,Pb and As.The higher concentrations are responsible for influencing the ecosystem and in human health related issues.Siderophile elements(Co,Fe,Mn and Ni)show high concentrations in the Himalayan samples,whereas,the Arctic samples show minor variations and low elemental concentration in these elements,respectively.In addition,a few elements,such as Ag,Mg,and Ca show higher concentration in the Himalayan glacier samples.Ca also occurs in high concentrations in Arctic glacier samples.R-mode factor analysis of the Himalayas(Arctic)samples indicate that the elements are distributed in four(three)factors,explaining 89%(90%)of the variance in their elemental distribution.The Factor 1 suggests statistically significant positive loadings for most of the lithophile,chalcophile and siderophile elements of the 'Himalayan' and the Arctic cryoconite samples.The sample-wise factor score distribution shows a considerable variation in the sampling locations along the glaciers of both the regions.Factors 2 and 3,demonstrate insignificant loading for most of the elements,except statistically significant positive loading in some of the elements of the both,Himalayan and Arctic 'cryoconites'.The higher elemental concentration in the cryoconites of the Himalayan region may be an indicator of the natural processes and/or attributed to the rapid industrialization in the Asian countries. | Shiv Mohan Singh Kumar Avinash Parmanand Sharma Ravindra Uttam Mulik Ajay Kumar Upadhyay Rasik Ravindra | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，6： | 1 |
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