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| 1 | Deep-learning based denoising and reconstruction of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy images显示文摘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM) provides an up to twofold enhanced spatial resolution of fluorescently labeled samples. The reconstruction of high-quality SR-SIM images critically depends on patterned illumination with high modulation contrast. Noisy raw image data(e.g., as a result of low excitation power or low exposure time), result in reconstruction artifacts. Here, we demonstrate deep-learning based SR-SIM image denoising that results in high-quality reconstructed images. A residual encoding–decoding convolutional neural network(RED-Net) was used to successfully denoise computationally reconstructed noisy SR-SIM images.We also demonstrate the end-to-end deep-learning based denoising and reconstruction of raw SIM images into high-resolution SR-SIM images. Both image reconstruction methods prove to be very robust against image reconstruction artifacts and generalize very well across various noise levels. The combination of computational image reconstruction and subsequent denoising via RED-Net shows very robust performance during inference after training even if the microscope settings change. | ZAFRAN HUSSAIN SHAH MARCEL MÜLLER TUNG-CHENG WANG PHILIP MAURICE SCHEIDIG AXEL SCHNEIDER MARK SCHÜTTPELZ THOMAS HUSER WOLFRAM SCHENCK | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，5： | 11 |
| 2 | CAD and CAE Integration Through Scientific Visualization Techniques for Illumination Design显示文摘Engineers tend to use different software to perform tasks such as geometry modeling, database management, numerical analysis, and visualization. This may cause decrease of productivity and loss of information during the conversion process between different data file formats. This paper presents a computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE) system integration using scientific visualization tools and techniques. It deals with the development of a 3D CAD add-in for lighting analysis which uses the CAD model as 3D interface for creating a lighting scheme, processing, and visualizing 2D or 3D illuminance fields. Visualization features as color and contour mapping were developed using the visualization toolkit (VTK) toolkit. The application integrates all functionalities of the 3D CAD with tools for light sources database management, pre-processing, processing, and post-processing of illuminance fields in a single environment. This approach increases productivity and eliminates the need for different software. | Tiago Martinuzzi Buriol Sergio Scheer | 2008 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2008，13，S1： | 10 |
| 3 | Myopia induced by flickering light in guinea pigs: a detailed assessment on susceptibility of different frequencies显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of inducing myopia in guinea pigs by flickering light (FL) stimulation with different frequencies. METHODS: Seventy 2 -week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to six groups: five FL groups and a control group (n =12 for each). Animals in the five FL groups were raised under 500lx illumination with a duty diurnal cycle of 50% at a flash rate of 5, 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1Hz respectively. Those in the control group were reared under steady 250lx illumination. Refraction, axial length, and radius of curvature were measured before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after treatment. At week 12, the eyeballs were taken out and three ocular dimensions and dry weight of sclera were measured. RESULTS: A myopic shift and axial eye length increase developed in the five FL groups. Stimulation at 0.5Hz caused greater changes in myopic shift, axial elongation, eyeball dimension, and dry weight of sclera than stimulation at other frequencies. Compared with controls, eyes in 0.5Hz group were approximately -5.5 ±1.5D more myopic with increase in horizontal, vertical, axial dimensions by 0.89 ±0.3mm, 0.69 ±0.2mm, 1.12 ±0.2mm respectively and with increase in dry weight of sclera by 0.44mg. CONCLUSION: Chronic exposure to periodic illumination at temporal frequency is attended by development of excessive ocular enlargement and myopic refractive error. Emmetropization could bedisrupted differently by frequency alteration. | Yue Di Rui Liu Ren-Yuan Chu Xing-Tao Zhou Xiao-Dong Zhou | 2013 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2013，6，2： | 9 |
| 4 | Single-shot lensless imaging with fresnel zone aperture and incoherent illumination显示文摘Lensless imaging eliminates the need for geometric isomorphism between a scene and an image while allowing the construction of compact,lightweight imaging systems.However,a challenging inverse problem remains due to the low reconstructed signal-to-noise ratio.Current implementations require multiple masks or multiple shots to denoise the reconstruction.We propose single-shot lensless imaging with a Fresnel zone aperture and incoherent illumination.By using the Fresnel zone aperture to encode the incoherent rays in wavefront-like form,the captured pattern has the same form as the inline hologram.Since conventional backpropagation reconstruction is troubled by the twin-image problem,we show that the compressive sensing algorithm is effective in removing this twin-image artifact due to the sparsity in natural scenes.The reconstruction with a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio from a single-shot image promotes a camera architecture that is flat and reliable in its structure and free of the need for strict calibration. | Jiachen Wu Hua Zhang Wenhui Zhang Guofan Jin Liangcai Cao George Barbastathis | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 8 |
| 5 | Optimal illumination scheme for isotropic quantitative differential phase contrast microscopy显示文摘Differential phase contrast microscopy(DPC) provides high-resolution quantitative phase distribution of thin transparent samples under multi-axis asymmetric illuminations. Typically, illumination in DPC microscopic systems is designed with two-axis half-circle amplitude patterns, which, however, result in a non-isotropic phase contrast transfer function(PTF). Efforts have been made to achieve isotropic DPC by replacing the conventional half-circle illumination aperture with radially asymmetric patterns with three-axis illumination or gradient amplitude patterns with two-axis illumination. Nevertheless, the underlying theoretical mechanism of isotropic PTF has not been explored, and thus, the optimal illumination scheme cannot be determined. Furthermore, the frequency responses of the PTFs under these engineered illuminations have not been fully optimized, leading to suboptimal phase contrast and signal-to-noise ratio for phase reconstruction. In this paper, we provide a rigorous theoretical analysis about the necessary and sufficient conditions for DPC to achieve isotropic PTF. In addition,we derive the optimal illumination scheme to maximize the frequency response for both low and high frequencies(from 0 to 2 NAobj) and meanwhile achieve perfectly isotropic PTF with only two-axis intensity measurements.We present the derivation, implementation, simulation, and experimental results demonstrating the superiority of our method over existing illumination schemes in both the phase reconstruction accuracy and noise-robustness. | YAO FAN JIASONG SUN QIAN CHEN XIANGPENG PAN LEI TIAN CHAO ZUO | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，8： | 8 |
| 6 | Antibacterial photodynamic therapy:overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections显示文摘Antibacterial photodynamic therapy(APDT)has drawn increasing attention from the scientific society for its potential to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and for its low tendency to induce drug resistance that bacteria can rapidly develop against traditional antibiotic therapy.The review summarizes the mechanism of action of APDT,the photosensitizers,the barriers to PS localization,the targets,the in vitro-,in vivo-,and clinical evidence,the current developments in terms of treating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,the limitations,as well as future perspectives.Relevance for patients:A structured overview of all important aspects of APDT is provided in the context of resistant bacterial species.The information presented is relevant and accessible for scientists as well as clinicians,whose joint effort is required to ensure that this technology benefits patients in the post-antibiotic era. | Yao Liu Rong Qin Sebastian A.J.Zaat Eefjan Breukink Michal Heger | 2015 | Journal of Clinical & Translational Research2015，1，3： | 8 |
| 7 | Fast structured illumination microscopy via deep learning显示文摘This study shows that convolutional neural networks(CNNs)can be used to improve the performance of structured illumination microscopy to enable it to reconstruct a super-resolution image using three instead of nine raw frames,which is the standard number of frames required to this end.Owing to the isotropy of the fluorescence group,the correlation between the high-frequency information in each direction of the spectrum is obtained by training the CNNs.A high-precision super-resolution image can thus be reconstructed using accurate data from three image frames in one direction.This allows for gentler super-resolution imaging at higher speeds and weakens phototoxicity in the imaging process. | CHANG LING CHONGLEI ZHANG MINGQUN WANG FANFEI MENG LUPING DU XIAOCONG YUAN | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，8： | 8 |
| 8 | Real-time high-resolution mid-infrared optical coherence tomography显示文摘The potential for improving the penetration depth of optical coherence tomography systems by using light sources with longer wavelengths has been known since the inception of the technique in the early 1990s.Nevertheless,the development of mid-infrared optical coherence tomography has long been challenged by the maturity and fidelity of optical components in this spectral region,resulting in slow acquisition,low sensitivity,and poor axial resolution.In this work,a mid-infrared spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system operating at a central wavelength of 4μm and an axial resolution of 8.6μm is demonstrated.The system produces two-dimensional cross-sectional images in real time enabled by a high-brightness 0.9-to 4.7-μm mid-infrared supercontinuum source with a pulse repetition rate of 1 MHz for illumination and broadband upconversion of more than 1-μm bandwidth from 3.58–4.63μm to 820–865 nm,where a standard 800-nm spectrometer can be used for fast detection.The images produced by the mid-infrared system are compared with those delivered by a state-of-the-art ultra-high-resolution near-infrared optical coherence tomography system operating at 1.3μm,and the potential applications and samples suited for this technology are discussed.In doing so,the first practical mid-infrared optical coherence tomography system is demonstrated,with immediate applications in real-time non-destructive testing for the inspection of defects and thickness measurements in samples that exhibit strong scattering at shorter wavelengths. | Niels M.Israelsen Christian R.Petersen Ajanta Barh Deepak Jain Mikkel Jensen Gunther Hannesschlager Peter Tidemand-Lichtenberg Christian Pedersen Adrian Podoleanu Ole Bang | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Super-resolution fluorescence-assisted diffraction computational tomography reveals the threedimensional landscape of the cellular organelle interactome显示文摘The emergence of super-resolution(SR)fluorescence microscopy has rejuvenated the search for new cellular substructures.However,SR fluorescence microscopy achieves high contrast at the expense of a holistic view of the interacting partners and surrounding environment.Thus,we developed SR fluorescence-assisted diffraction computational tomography(SR-FACT),which combines label-free three-dimensional optical diffraction tomography(ODT)with two-dimensional fluorescence Hessian structured illumination microscopy.The ODT module is capable of resolving the mitochondria,lipid droplets,the nuclear membrane,chromosomes,the tubular endoplasmic reticulum,and lysosomes.Using dual-mode correlated live-cell imaging for a prolonged period of time,we observed novel subcellular structures named dark-vacuole bodies,the majority of which originate from densely populated perinuclear regions,and intensively interact with organelles such as the mitochondria and the nuclear membrane before ultimately collapsing into the plasma membrane.This work demonstrates the unique capabilities of SR-FACT,which suggests its wide applicability in cell biology in general. | Dashan Dong Xiaoshuai Huang Liuju Li Heng Mao Yanquan Mo Guangyi Zhang Zhe Zhang Jiayu Shen Wei Liu Zeming Wu Guanghui Liu Yanmei Liu Hong Yang Qihuang Gong Kebin Shi Liangyi Chen | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Research on Relationships Between Built Environment and Criminal Behavior in Parking Areas: A Case Study on Pudong New Area, Shanghai | MAO Yuanyuan, PhD Candidate, School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China. DAI Shenzhi, Professor, School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China. DENG Tian, China Overseas Property Group Co., Ltd (Eastern China), Shanghai, P. R. China. XU Bin, Off icer, Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau Pudong Branch, Shanghai, P. R. China. ZHU Wei, PhD, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. DONG Hengping, Postgraduate student, School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China. | 2009 | China City Planning Review2009，18，2： | 7 |
| 11 | Wolf phase tomography(WPT) of transparent structures using partially coherent illumination显示文摘In 1969,Emil Wolf proposed diffraction tomography using coherent holographic imaging to extract 3D information from transparent,inhomogeneous objects.In the same era,the Wolf equations were first used to describe the propagation correlations associated with partially coherent fields.Combining these two concepts,we present Wolf phase tomography(WPT),which is a method for performing diffraction tomography using partially coherent fields.WPT reconstruction works directly in the space-time domain,without the need for Fourier transformation,and decouples the refractive index(RI)distribution from the thickness of the sample.We demonstrate the WPT principle using the data acquired by a quantitative-phase-imaging method that upgrades an existing phase-contrast microscope by introducing controlled phase shifts between the incident and scattered fields.The illumination field in WPT is partially spatially coherent(emerging from a ring-shaped pupil function)and of low temporal coherence(white light),and as such,it is well suited for the Wolf equations.From three intensity measurements corresponding to different phase-contrast frames,the 3D RI distribution is obtained immediately by computing the Laplacian and second time derivative of the measured complex correlation function.We validate WPT with measurements of standard samples(microbeads),spermatozoa,and live neural cultures.The high throughput and simplicity of this method enables the study of 3D,dynamic events in living cells across the entire multiwell plate,with an RI sensitivity on the order of 10^(−5). | Xi Chen Mikhail E.Kandel Chenfei Hu Young Jae Lee Gabriel Popescu | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 6 |
| 12 | Subwavelength imaging and detection using adjustable and movable droplet microlenses显示文摘We developed adjustable and movable droplet microlenses consisting of a liquid with a high refractive index.The microlenses were prepared via ultrasonic shaking in deionized water,and the diameter of the microlenses ranged from 1 to 50μm.By stretching the microlenses,the focal length can be adjusted from 13 to 25μm.With the assistance of an optical tweezer,controllable assembly and movement of microlens arrays were also realized.The results showed that an imaging system combined with droplet microlenses could image 80 nm beads under white light illumination.Using the droplet microlenses,fluorescence emission at 550 nm from Cd Se@Zn S quantum dots was efficiently excited and collected.Moreover,Raman scattering signals from a silicon wafer were enhanced by^19 times.The presented droplet microlenses may offer new opportunities for flexible liquid devices in subwavelength imaging and detection. | XIXI CHEN TIANLI WU ZHIYONG GONG YUCHAO LI YAO ZHANG BAOJUN LI | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，3： | 5 |
| 13 | Zero-order-free meta-holograms in a broadband visible range显示文摘The unwanted zero-order light accompanied by the birth of diffractive optical elements and caused mainly by fabrication errors and wavelength variations is a key factor that deteriorates the performance of diffraction-related optical devices such as holograms,gratings,beam shapers,beam splitters,optical diffusers,and diffractive microlenses.Here,inspired by the unique characteristic of nano-polarizer-based metasurfaces for both positive and negative amplitude modulation of incident light,we propose a general design paradigm to eliminate zero-order diffraction without burdening the metasurface design and fabrication.The experimentally demonstrated metahologram,which projects a holographic image with a wide angle of 70°×70°in the for field,presents a very low zero-order intensity(only 0.7%of the total energy of the reconstructed image).More importantly,the zero-orderfree meta-hologram has a large tolerance limit for wavelength variations(under a broadband illumination from520 to 660 nm),which brings important technical advances.The strategy proposed could significantly relieve the fabrication difficulty of metasurfaces and be viable for various diffractive-optics-related applications includingholography,laser beam shaping,optical data storage,vortex beam generation,and so on. | RAO FU LIANGUI DENG ZHIQIANG GUAN SHENG CHANG JIN TAO ZILE LI GUOXING ZHENG | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，5： | 5 |
| 14 | Image segmentation algorithm for greenhouse cucumber canopy under various natural lighting conditions显示文摘In this study,machine vision technology was used to capture images of greenhouse cucumber canopy,and image segmentation was implemented under various natural lighting conditions.The images were enhanced by multi-scale retinex with color restore(MSRCR),and the MSRCR images were segmented by four algorithms:normalized difference index(NDI),excess green(ExG),modified excess green(MExG),and modified excess green minus excess red(MExG-ExR).The results indicated that compared with the original images,under various lighting conditions,the average evaluation indexes of brightness,information entropy,average gradient and mean gray value of the MSRCR images were increased by 38.71%,8.04%,4.54%,and 37.81%,respectively,and only the contrast degree decreased by 12.13%.The MExG-ExR segmentation algorithm was used to segment the MSRCR images(fifty images under various lighting conditions in the test and it performed best among the four segmentation algorithms,average overlap ratios and recognition rates of were 99.28%and 98.91%,respectively,while 38.39%and 37.95%respectively for original image.These results indicated that the MExG-ExR segmentation algorithm applied to a MSRCR canopy image produced the most stable results among the four algorithms.By using the MSRCR image enhancement algorithm,the interference of lighting on greenhouse cucumber canopy images was reduced and the foundation for achieving accurate segmentation of a canopy region was laid,which is of great significance for greenhouse cucumber phenotypic parameter measurements. | Sun Guoxiang Li Yongbo Wang Xiaochan Hu Guyue Wang Xuan Zhang Yu | 2016 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2016，9，3： | 4 |
| 15 | Saturable Nonlinearity in Photovoltaic-Photorefractive Crystals Under Open-circuit Condition显示文摘We show that the refractive index change induced by a focused incident beam with an additional incoherent uniform illumination in photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals under open-circuit condition has a saturable nonlinearity form.The incoherent uniform background illumination can be used to increase the effective dark irradiance.The formation time of the photovoltaic soliton can be decreased by keeping the intensity of the soliton at a higher value without over-saturation by use of the background illumination. | 郭儒 凌振芳 陈晓虎 张国权 张心正 温海东 江瑛 刘思敏 | 2000 | Chinese Physics Letters2000，17，11： | 3 |
| 16 | Colour compound lenses for a portable fluorescence microscope显示文摘In this article,we demonstrated a handheld smartphone fluorescence microscope(HSFM)that integrates dualfunctional polymer lenses with a smartphone.The HSFM consists of a smartphone,a field-portable illumination source,and a dual-functional polymer lens that performs both optical imaging and filtering.Therefore,compared with the existing smartphone fluorescence microscope,the HSFM does not need any additional optical filters.Although fluorescence imaging has traditionally played an indispensable role in biomedical and clinical applications due to its high specificity and sensitivity for detecting cells,proteins,DNAs/RNAs,etc.,the bulky elements of conventional fluorescence microscopes make them inconvenient for use in point-of-care diagnosis.The HSFM demonstrated in this article solves this problem by providing a multifunctional,miniature,small-form-factor fluorescence module.This multifunctional fluorescence module can be seamlessly attached to any smartphone camera for both bright-field and fluorescence imaging at cellular-scale resolutions without the use of additional bulky lenses/filters;in fact,the HSFM achieves magnification and light filtration using a single lens.Cell and tissue observation,cell counting,plasmid transfection evaluation,and superoxide production analysis were performed using this device.Notably,this lens system has the unique capability of functioning with numerous smartphones,irrespective of the smartphone model and the camera technology housed within each device.As such,this HSFM has the potential to pave the way for realtime point-of-care diagnosis and opens up countless possibilities for personalized medicine. | Bo Dai Ziao Jiao Lulu Zheng Hunter Bachman Yongfeng Fu Xinjun Wan Yule Zhang Yu Huang Xiaodian Han Chenglong Zhao Tony Jun Huang Songlin Zhuang Dawei Zhang | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Impact factors of the degradation of bisphenol A by nitrocellulose membrane under illumination显示文摘Nitrocellulose membrane(NCM)can produce hydroxyl radicals under illumination,which promotes the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants.In this paper,NCM was used to oxidize bisphenol A(BPA)under simulated sunlight.The effects of p H,temperature,light intensity,anion and cation on the degradation of BPA were analyzed.The photodegradation process of BPA was discussed.The optimal photolysis rate was 0.031 min^(-)1 when the temperature was 30°C,the light intensity was 2.67×10^4 Lux,and the p H value was 9.0.The alkaline environment,temperature and light intensity can promote the photodegradation of BPA.Except for nitrate ions,anions and cations can inhibit the photodegradation of BPA.Compared with cations,anions have a greater inhibitory effect on BPA degradation.The degradation products of BPA by NCM were analyzed by gas chromatographic/mass.This study may provide useful information for the BPA degradation by NCM in complex water samples. | Li Wu Xinmiao Jin Tongqian Zhao Haipo Wang Zhifeng Dai | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，2： | 3 |
| 18 | Newly designed identifying method for ice thickness on highvoltage transmission lines via machine vision显示文摘The icing of transmission lines will bring considerable challenges to the safe operation of the power grid.Therefore,a novel method combines machine vision and machine learning algorithms for identifying the ice thickness on high‐voltage transmission line(HVTL)as proposed herein.First,noise and background interference in the image are filtered,and the grey image is used as input.Then,the algorithms of improved Canny edge detection,Hough transform,improved K‐means clustering,and least‐squares fitting are adopted in turn to locate the edges of conductors.Finally,according to the distance mapping model based on monocular vision,the ice thickness of the conductor is determined by calculating the width difference before and after icing.The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately locate the edge of the conductor in both field and experimental environments.Moreover,it can ensure ideal effects under different illumination and hardly not be affected by distortion in both horizontal and vertical directions.Besides,the distance mapping model can map the pixel distance to the actual distance with high precision,no matter whether the background is simple or complex,and the calculated ice thickness has only a small deviation compared to the actual value.In addition,the proposed method shows high reliability and effectiveness when various interference such as different backgrounds,uneven icing,height difference changes,conductor movement,contrast changes,and conductor sag occur. | Bingjun Weng Wei Gao Weicou Zheng Gengjie Yang | 2021 | High Voltage2021，6，5： | 3 |
| 19 | Plasmonic metalens for nanofabrication显示文摘INTRODUCTION Optical lithography is the primary tool for the fabrication of micro/nanostructures in micro-electronic and opto-electronic applications,which has fueled the explosive growth of the semiconductor industry.Over the past several decades,the resolution of optical lithography | Xiangang Luo | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，2： | 3 |
| 20 | “Hot”electrons in metallic nanostructures—nonthermal carriers or heating?显示文摘Understanding the interplay between illumination and the electron distribution in metallic nanostructures is a crucial step towards developing applications such as plasmonic photocatalysis for green fuels,nanoscale photodetection and more.Elucidating this interplay is challenging,as it requires taking into account all channels of energy flow in the electronic system.Here,we develop such a theory,which is based on a coupled Boltzmann-heat equations and requires only energy conservation and basic thermodynamics,where the electron distribution,and the electron and phonon(lattice)temperatures are determined uniquely.Applying this theory to realistic illuminated nanoparticle systems,we find that the electron and phonon temperatures are similar,thus justifying the(classical)singletemperature models.We show that while the fraction of high-energy“hot”carriers compared to thermalized carriers grows substantially with illumination intensity,it remains extremely small(on the order of 10^(-8)).Importantly,most of the absorbed illumination power goes into heating rather than generating hot carriers,thus rendering plasmonic hot carrier generation extremely inefficient.Our formulation allows for the first time a unique quantitative comparison of theory and measurements of steady-state electron distributions in metallic nanostructures. | Yonatan Dubi Yonatan Sivan | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 3 |
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