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| 1 | Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘Free fatty acids are known to play a key role in promoting loss of insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.It has been postulated that an increase in the intracellular concentration of fatty acid metabolites activates a serine kinase cascade,which leads to defects in insu-lin signaling downstream to the insulin receptor.In addition,the complex network of adipokines released from adipose tissue modulates the response of tissues to insulin.Among the many molecules involved in the intracellular processing of the signal provided by insulin,the insulin receptor substrate-2,the protein kinase B and the forkhead transcription factor Foxo 1a are of particular interest,as recent data has provided strong evidence that dysfunction of these proteins results in insulin resistance in vivo.Recently,studies have revealed that phosphoinositidedependent kinase 1-independent phosphorylation of protein kinase Cε causes a reduction in insulin receptor gene expression.Additionally,it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction triggers activation of several serine kinases,and weakens insulin signal transduction.Thus,in this review,the current developments in understanding the pathophysiological processes of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes have been summarized.In addition,this study provides potential new targets for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. | Vandana Saini | 2010 | World Journal of Diabetes2010，1，3： | 23 |
| 2 | Changes in distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue aggregates following amendments addition显示文摘Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation. | Shengguo Xue Yuzhen Ye Feng Zhu Qiongli Wang Jun Jiang William Hartley | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，4： | 21 |
| 3 | Human carboxylesterases:a comprehensive review显示文摘Mammalian carboxylesterases(CEs) are key enzymes from the serine hydrolase superfamily.In the human body, two predominant carboxylesterases(CES1 and CES2) have been identified and extensively studied over the past decade. These two enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolism of a wide variety of endogenous esters, ester-containing drugs and environmental toxicants. The key roles of CES in both human health and xenobiotic metabolism arouse great interest in the discovery of potent CES modulators to regulate endobiotic metabolism or to improve the efficacy of ester drugs. This review covers the structural and catalytic features of CES, tissue distributions, biological functions, genetic polymorphisms, substrate specificities and inhibitor properties of CES1 and CES2, as well as the significance and recent progress on the discovery of CES modulators. The information presented here will help pharmacologists explore the relevance of CES to human diseases or to assign the contribution of certain CES in xenobiotic metabolism. It will also facilitate medicinal chemistry efforts to design prodrugs activated by a given CES isoform, or to develop potent and selective modulators of CES for potential biomedical applications. | Dandan Wang Liwei Zou Qiang Jin Jie Hou Guangbo Ge Ling Yang | 2018 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2018，8，5： | 14 |
| 4 | Tribocorrosion behavior in artificial seawater and anti-microbiologically influenced corrosion properties of TiSiN-Cu coating on F690 steel显示文摘The TiSiN-Cu nanocomposite coating was deposited on F690 steel substrate by arc ion plating. The structure and composition, tribocorrosion behavior and anti-microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)properties of TiSiN-Cu coating were investigated. The results show that the TiSiN-Cu coating has unique nanocomposite structures. The results of tribocorrosion show that the potential and current change of F690 steel and TiSiN-Cu coatings tend to be opposite. The reason is that the F690 steel is non-passivated metal and the TiSiN-Cu coating has passivation phenomenon. The TiSiN-Cu coating possesses excellent tribocorrosion resistance. Cu ion released from TiSiN-Cu coating can effectively inhibit the corrosion caused by SRB. | Fuliang Ma Jinlong Li Zhixiang Zeng Yimin Gao | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，3： | 12 |
| 5 | Overview of organic anion transporters and organic anion transporter polypeptides and their roles in the liver显示文摘Organic anion transporters(OATs)and organic anion transporter polypeptides(OATPs)are classified within two SLC superfamilies,namely,the SLC22A superfamily and the SLCO superfamily(formerly the SLC21A family),respectively.They are expressed in many tissues,such as the liver and kidney,and mediate the absorption and excretion of many endogenous and exogenous substances,including various drugs.Most are composed of 12 transmembrane polypeptide chains with the C-terminus and the N-terminus located in the cell cytoplasm.OATs and OATPs are abundantly expressed in the liver,where they mainly promote the uptake of various endogenous substrates such as bile acids and various exogenous drugs such as antifibrotic and anticancer drugs.However,differences in the locations of glycosylation sites,phosphorylation sites,and amino acids in the OAT and OATP structures lead to different substrates being transported to the liver,which ultimately results in their different roles in the liver.To date,few articles have addressed these aspects of OAT and OATP structures,and we study further the similarities and differences in their structures,tissue distribution,substrates,and roles in liver diseases. | Ting-Ting Li Jia-Xing An Jing-Yu Xu Bi-Guang Tuo | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，23： | 12 |
| 6 | Influence of Substrate Negative Bias on Structure and Properties of TiN Coatings Prepared by Hybrid HIPIMS Method显示文摘TiN coatings were deposited using a hybrid home-made high power impulse magnetron sputtering(HIPIMS)technique at room temperature.The effects of substrate negative bias voltage on the deposition rate,composition,crystal structure,surface morphology,microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results revealed that with the increase in bias voltage from-50 to-400 V,TiN coatings exhibited a trend of densification and the crystal structure gradually evolved from(111) orientation to(200)orientation.The growth rate decreased from about 12.2 nm to 7.8 nm per minute with the coating densification.When the bias voltage was-300 V,the minimum surface roughness value of 10.1 nm was obtained,and the hardness and Young's modulus of TiN coatings reached the maximum value of 17.4 GPa and 263.8 GPa,respectively.Meanwhile,the highest adhesion of 59 N was obtained between coating and substrate. | Zhenyu Wang Dong Zhang Peiling Ke Xincai Liu Aiying Wang | 2015 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2015，31，1： | 10 |
| 7 | Strategies to improve aerobic granular sludge stability and nitrogen removal based on feeding mode and substrate显示文摘A systemic strategy was proposed to improve aerobic granular sludge(AGS)stability and nitrogen(N)removal efficiency by optimizing feeding mode and substrate aiming at complicated wastewater characteristics.Key functional groups at the genus level identified by high-throughput sequencing were evaluated as well.The results showed that anaerobic feeding mode and acetate promoted the compact AGS formation with excellent total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency(averaging 91.7%±4.1%)at various dissolved oxygen conditions.While the aerobic feeding mode led to a loose AGS structure with a vulnerable anaerobic core and poor TN removal efficiency(averaging58.8%±7.4%).Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process played the dominant role in N removal in compact AGS over the alternating nitrification and denitrification process.High-concentration glucose undermined feast-famine condition with filamentous bacteria growth out of granule and decreased TN removal efficiency to 67.3%±15.2%.Lower food to microorganism ratio may result in a lower N removal rate attributed to the sharply increased biomass concentration fed by glucose.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms enriched during AGS granulation also contributed to the efficient N removal.The proposed strategy provided insights into the relationship between various factors and stable AGS formation,and systemic operation methods for various complicated wastewater treatment. | Quan Yuan Hui Gong Hao Xi Heng Xu Zhengyu Jin Nasir Ali Kaijun Wang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，10： | 10 |
| 8 | Nanofriction properties of molecular deposition films显示文摘The nanofriction properties of Au substrate and monolayer molecular deposition film and multilayer molecular deposition films on Au substrate and the molecular deposition films modified with alkyl-terminal molecule have been investigated by using an atomic force microscope. It is concluded that ( i ) the deposition of molecular deposition films on Au substrate and the modification of alkyl-terminal molecule to the molecular deposition films can reduce the frictional force; (ii) the molecular deposition films with the same terminal exhibit similar nanofriction properties, which has nothing to do with the molecular chain-length and the layer number; (iii) the unstable nanofriction properties of molecular deposition films are contributed to the active terminal of the molecular deposition film, which can be eliminated by decorating the active molecular deposition film with alkyl-terminal molecule, moreover, the decoration of alkyl-terminal molecule can lower the frictional force conspicuously; (iv) the | 王强斌 高芒来 张嗣伟 | 2000 | Science China Chemistry2000，43，2： | 10 |
| 9 | ANALYSIS ON LAPPING AND POLISHING PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF HARD MAGNETIC DISK SUBSTRATE显示文摘0INTRODUCTIONInthemagneticrecordingsystem,thelowertherecordingflyingheightbetweenthemagneticheadanddisk,thehighertheareareco... | Cai, Guangqi Cai, Rui Lu, Yushan Min, Xinli | 1998 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering1998，11，4： | 8 |
| 10 | 蜕皮甾酮对2型糖尿病大鼠肝细胞IRS-2蛋白表达的影响显示文摘目的探讨蜕皮甾酮对2型糖尿病大鼠肝细胞胰岛素受体底物2(IRS-2)蛋白表达的影响。方法选择42只大鼠,14只作为正常组,常规饲料喂养,余下28只先以高脂喂养加小剂量STZ注射诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后,随机分为模型组和治疗组,分别给予高脂饲料喂养、高脂饲料喂养+蜕皮甾酮灌胃治疗。5周后取大鼠肝组织标本,应用免疫组化和RT-PCR技术检测IRS-2蛋白和mRNA含量。结果正常组和治疗组肝细胞IRS-2蛋白及mRNA含量均明显高于模型组(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论蜕皮甾酮可提高2型糖尿病大鼠肝细胞IRS-2蛋白和mRNA含量,这可能是蜕皮甾酮改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的机制之一。 | 朱玉霞 孙丽莎 杨矫 陈秋 | 2014 | 山东医药2014，54，33： | 8 |
| 11 | Involvement of insulin receptor substrates in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease显示文摘Type 2 diabetes一associated with impaired insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS)一is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are major components of IIS, which transmit upstream signals via the insulin receptor and/or IGF1 receptor to multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including AKT/protein kinase B and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase cascades. Of the four IRS proteins in mammals, IRS1 and IRS2 play key roles in regulating growth and survival, metabolism, and aging. Meanwhile, the roles of IRS1 and IRS2 in the central nervous system with respect to cognitive abilities remain to be clarified. In contrast to IRS2 in peripheral tissues, inactivation of neural IRS2 exerts beneficial effects, resulting in the reduction of amyloid p accumulation and premature mortality in AD mouse models. On the other hand, the increased phosphorylation of IRS 1 at several serine sites is observed in the brains from patients with AD and animal models of AD or cognitive impairment induced by type 2 diabetes. However, these serine sites are also activated in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, in which the diabetes drug metformin improves memory impairment. Because IRS1 and IRS2 signaling pathways are regulated through complex mechanisms including positive and negative feedback loops, whether the elevated phosphorylation of IRS1 at specific serine sites found in AD brains is a primary response to cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we examine the associations between IRS 1 /1 RS2-mediated signaling in the central nervous system and cognitive decline. | Daisuke Tanokashira Wataru Fukuokaya Akiko Taguchi | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，8： | 8 |
| 12 | 鸡舍环境镰孢菌的定量研究(英文)显示文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to quantitatively analyze the Fusarium concentration and distribution in air and the surrounding substrates(feed,feces,dust,soil)in the chicken house to provide a scientific basis for the control and early warning of Fusarium infection in poultry and practitioners.[Method]Air samples collected by a 6-stage Anderson air microorganism sampler and exposed culture plates as well as substrate samples gathered by aseptic bags were cultured,counted and purified in the lab.[Result]717 strains of Fusarium isolates were obtained and the dust had the highest Fusarium concentration among the samples(2.8×105-1.5×106 CFU/g with an average of 8.8×105 CFU/g).[Conclusion]The Fusarium distribution in the air was in high correlation with those in soil and dust. | 彭红艳 王雅玲 孙力军 王钰卓 胡敏锐 宋莉 郭静 吴迪 | 2008 | Agricultural Science & Technology2008，9，5： | 7 |
| 13 | Common-anode LED on a Si substrate for beyond 15 Gbit/s underwater visible light communication显示文摘Visible light communication based on light-emitting diodes(LEDs) has become a promising candidate by providing high data rates, low latency, and secure communication for underwater environments. In this paper,a self-designed common-anode GaN-based five-primary-color LED(RGBYC LED) on a Si substrate is proposed and fabricated. The design of a common anode is used to mitigate the saturation effect for a low-frequency component. Additionally, compared with commercially available LEDs that suffer from nonlinearity distortion,applying the designed LED can provide much better and broader linearity according to the measurement results.Therefore, the modulation depth and system performance can be further improved to implement a high-speed underwater visible light communication(UVLC) system. There is no nonlinearity compensation algorithm applied due to the good linearity of the proposed LED;thus, the offline digital signal processing is simplified. We experimentally demonstrate 14.81 Gbit/s 64 quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)-discrete multitone(DMT)and 15.17 Gbit/s bit-loading-DMT transmissions through a 1.2-m-long underwater channel based on the proposed RGBYC LED with an intrasymbol frequency-domain averaging channel estimation and zero-forcing equalization.As far as we know, this is the highest data rate for an LED-based UVLC system. | YINGJUN ZHOU XIN ZHU FANGCHEN HU JIANYANG SHI FUMIN WANG PENG ZOU JUNLIN LIU FENGYI JIANG NAN CHI | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，9： | 7 |
| 14 | Hepatitis C virus infection and insulin resistance显示文摘Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause for the development of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is the primary cause for liver transplantation in the western world.Insulin resistance is one of the pathological features in patients with HCV infection and often leads to development of typeⅡdiabetes.Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of various complications associated with HCV infection.Recent evidence indicates that HCV associated insulin resistance may result in hepatic fibrosis,steatosis,HCC and resistance to anti-viral treatment.Thus,HCV associated insulin resistance is a therapeutic target at any stage of HCV infection.HCV modulates normal cellular gene expression and interferes with the insulin signaling pathway.Various mechanisms have been proposed in regard to HCV mediated insulin resistance,involving up regulation of inflammatory cytokines,like tumor necrosis factor-α,phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrate-1,Akt,up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes like glucose 6 phosphatase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2,and accumulation of lipid droplets.In this review,we summarize the available information on how HCV infection interferes with insulin signaling pathways resulting in insulin resistance. | Sandip K Bose Ranjit Ray | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Progress of graphene growth on copper by chemical vapor deposition:Growth behavior and controlled synthesis显示文摘Recently,chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper has been becoming a main method for preparing large-area and highquality monolayer graphene.In this paper,we first briefly introduce the preliminary understanding of the microstructure and growth behavior of graphene on copper,and then focus on the recent progress on the quality improvement,number of layers control and transfer-free growth of graphene.In the end,we attempt to analyze the possible development of CVD growth of graphene in future,including the controlled growth of large-size single-crystal graphene and bilayer graphene with different stacking orders. | MA LaiPeng REN WenCai DONG ZaiLi LIU LianQing CHENG HuiMing | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，23： | 6 |
| 16 | Effects of oriented substrates on cell morphology,the cell cycle,and the cytoskeleton in Ros 17/2.8 cells显示文摘Absence of gravity or microgravity influences the cellular functions of bone forming osteoblasts.The underlying mechanism,however,of cellular sensing and responding to the gravity vector is poorly understood.This work quantified the impact of vector-directional gravity on the biological responses of Ros 17/2.8 cells grown on upward-,downward-or edge-on-oriented substrates.Cell morphology and nuclear translocation,cell proliferation and the cell cycle,and cytoskeletal reorganization were found to vary significantly in the three orientations.All of the responses were duration-dependent.These results provide a new insight into understanding how osteoblasts respond to static vector-directional gravity. | LI Hong,CHEN Juan,ZHANG Yan,SUN ShuJin,TAO ZuLai & LONG Mian* Key Laboratory of Microgravity,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and National Microgravity Laboratory and Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，9： | 5 |
| 17 | Fabrication and its characteristics of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin films显示文摘In order to reduce the cost of solar cells or flat-panel display, it is very important to synthesis poly-crystalline silicon films on low cost substrate such as glass at low temperature. In this work, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system was successfully applied to synthesize poly-Si thin-film on common glass substrate using H2 as the plasma source and SiH4 (Ar:SiH4=19:1) as the precursor gas at low temperature. Since the multicusp cav- ity-coupling ECR plasma source was adopted to provide active precursors, the growth temperature decreased to lower than 200℃. In the plasma, the electron temperatures kTe are ~2―3 eV and the ion temperatures kTi≤1 eV. This leads to non-remarkable ion impacts during the film deposition. The characteristic of poly-Si films was investigated. It was shown that the crystalline fraction Xc of the films can be up to 90% even deposit at room temperature, and the film was (220) preferably oriented. The growth behaviors of the film between the interface of glass and Si films were also discussed in detail. | LASSAUT J | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，1： | 5 |
| 18 | 白假丝酵母PDY-07厌氧生物降解4-氯酚的研究显示文摘Candida albicans PDY-07 was isolated from activated sludge under anaerobic conditions and identified as a member belonging to the genus Candida. Pure culture of C. albicans PDY-07, biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) was carried out under anaerobic conditions in Erlenmeyer flasks at 35 ℃, with an initial pH of 7.0-7.2 and a starting inoculum of 10% (by volume). The results showed that, under the above-mentioned conditions, C. albicans PDY-07 could thoroughly biodegrade 4-CP up to a concentration of 300 mg·L-1 within 244h and that it had a high tolerance potential of up to 440 mg·L-1 for 4-CP. With the increase in the initial concentrations of 4-CP, substrate inhibition was obviously enhanced. There was increased consumption of 4-CP, which was not assimilated by the cell for growth but was used to counteract the strong substrate inhibition. In addition, the cell growth and substrate-degradation kinetics of 4-CP as the sole source of carbon and energy for the strain in batch cultures were also investigated over a wide range of substrate concentrations (2.2-350 mg·L-1), using the proposed cell growth and degradation kinetic models. The results recorded from these experiments showed that the proposed kinetic models adequately described the dynamic behavior of 4-CP biodegradation by C. albicans PDY-07. | 闻建平 李红梅 白静 姜岩 | 2006 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2006，14，6： | 5 |
| 19 | Threading dislocation density comparison between GaN grown on the patterned and conventional sapphire substrate by high resolution X-ray diffraction显示文摘GaN epifilms are grown on the patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) (0001) and the conventional sapphire substrates (CSS) (0001) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using a novel two-step growth. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) is used to investigate the threading dislocation (TD) density of the GaN epifilms. The TD density is calculated from the ω-scans full width at half maximum (FWHM) results of HR-XRD. The edge dislocation destiny of GaN grown on the PSS is 2.7×108 cm-2, which is less than on the CSS. This is confirmed by the results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement. The lower TD destiny indicates that the crystalline quality of the GaN epifilms grown on the PSS is improved compared to GaN epifilms grown on the CSS. The residual strains of GaN grown on the PSS and CSS are compared by Raman Scattering spectra. It is clearly seen that the residual strain in the GaN grown on PSS is lower than on the CSS. | ZHANG YuChao1, XING ZhiGang2, MA ZiGuang2, CHEN Yao2, DING GuoJian2, XU PeiQiang2, DONG ChenMing3, CHEN Hong2 & LE XiaoYun1 1 School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100190, China 2 Renewable Energy Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3 School of Information and Communication, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，3： | 5 |
| 20 | Preparation and properties of AZO thin films on different substrates | Hong-lie SHEN,Hui ZHANG,Lin-feng LU,Feng JIANG,Chao YANG College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China | 2010 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2010，20，1： | 4 |
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