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| 1 | 华北克拉通晚太古代末-古元古代初的岩浆事件及构造热体制显示文摘华北克拉通变质基底中广泛出露岩浆成因的正片麻岩。本文将华北克拉通分为11个变质地区,对其中新太古代末-古元古代初的正片麻岩的产状、岩性、形成时代进行了讨论。通过对这11个变质地区的对比可以看出,华北克拉通新太古代末-古元古代初的正片麻岩具有以下特征:(1)新太古代末-古元古代初的岩浆事件分布广泛,该期岩浆事件所形成的正片麻岩不仅在东部陆块、西部陆块广泛分布,而且在中部造山带也有广泛出露,在各变质地区该期的正片麻岩通常占变质基底总面积的70%以上;(2)该期岩浆事件主要集中在从2540Ma到2490Ma的50Ma期间。目前的年龄数据统计该期间形成的正片麻岩占2600Ma到2450Ma所形成的正片麻岩的75%;(3)该阶段形成的钠质片麻岩和钾质片麻岩在形成时间上几乎一致,在各变质地区不同成分的正片麻岩不具分带性。但钾质花岗岩在辽宁鞍山、辽西绥中、冀东秦皇岛和鲁西傲徕山分布相对集中;(4)该期岩浆事件与变质事件几乎同时发生,变质事件通常较岩浆事件晚10~15Ma,在有些地区几乎同时,表明岩浆事件和变质事件是同一构造热事件的产物;(5)该期岩浆事件所产生片麻岩的εHf(t)值绝大多数为正值,表明它们是有地幔物质加入的新生地壳再造的产物。综合以上特征,我们认为在华北克拉通新太古代末-古元古代初广泛的岩浆事件是地幔柱底侵导致的,该期广泛的岩浆事件造就了华北克拉通的基本形态。 | 耿元生 沈其韩 任留东 | 2010 | 岩石学报2010，26，7： | 109 |
| 2 | Timing,scale and mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton显示文摘The North China Craton (NCC) is a classical example of ancient destroyed cratons.Since the initiation of the North China Craton Destruction Project by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,numerous studies have been conducted on the timing,scale,and mechanism of this destruction through combined interdisciplinary research.Available data suggest that the destruction occurred mainly in the eastern NCC,whereas the western NCC was only locally modified.The sedimentation,magmatic activities and structural deformation after cratonization at ~1.8 Ga indicate that the NCC destruction took place in the Mesozoic with a peak age of ca 125 Ma.A global comparison suggests that most cratons on Earth are not destroyed,although they have commonly experienced lithospheric thinning;destruction is likely to occur only when the craton has been disturbed by oceanic subduction.The destruction of the NCC was coincident with globally active plate tectonics and high mantle temperatures during the Cretaceous.The subducted Pacific slab destabilized mantle convection beneath the eastern NCC,which resulted in cratonic destruction in the eastern NCC.Delamination and/or thermal-mechanical-chemical erosion resulted from the destabilization of mantle convection. | ZHU RiXiang CHEN Ling WU FuYuan LIU JunLai | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，6： | 178 |
| 3 | Destruction of the North China Craton显示文摘A National Science Foundation of China(NSFC) major research project,Destruction of the North China Craton(NCC),has been carried out in the past few years by Chinese scientists through an in-depth and systematic observations,experiments and theoretical analyses,with an emphasis on the spatio-temporal distribution of the NCC destruction,the structure of deep earth and shallow geological records of the craton evolution,the mechanism and dynamics of the craton destruction.From this work the following conclusions can be drawn:(1) Significant spatial heterogeneity exists in the NCC lithospheric thickness and crustal structure,which constrains the scope of the NCC destruction.(2) The nature of the Paleozoic,Mesozoic and Cenozoic sub-continental lithospheric mantle(CLM) underneath the NCC is characterized in detail.In terms of water content,the late Mesozoic CLM was rich in water,but Cenozoic CLM was highly water deficient.(3) The correlation between magmatism and surface geological response confirms that the geological and tectonic evolution is governed by cratonic destruction processes.(4) Pacific subduction is the main dynamic factor that triggered the destruction of the NCC,which highlights the role of cratonic destruction in plate tectonics. | ZHU RiXiang XU YiGang ZHU Guang ZHANG HongFu XIA QunKe ZHENG TianYu | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，10： | 119 |
| 4 | 复合造山和复合成矿系统:三江特提斯例析显示文摘提出复合造山定义,认为复合造山指多期次造山以及其它类型壳幔过程(裂谷作用、地幔柱活动、克拉通减薄等)在同一构造带先后发生或者多类型过程同时同位发生的地质事件;复合造山是大洋闭合-大陆拼贴过程的必然演化结果、地质历史时期普遍存在的地质过程,其具有不同属性板块拼接、多条蛇绿岩套与岛弧带并列、构造格架继承与改造、物质活化与循环运动以及构造体制转换突出等特征;复合造山带成矿时代长,类型多样,金属富集强度大,大型矿集区集中。复合成矿系统指在特定时-空域中,不同时期多种成矿作用或者同一时期不同成矿作用复合形成的成矿系统。复合成矿表现为成矿物质继承改造或成矿作用融合交叉,导致成矿元素多幕式富集,成矿空间广,成矿强度大,成矿概率增加。复合成矿系统分为多期复合和同期复合两类。复合造山驱动了复合成矿系统的形成,其是中国区域成矿典型特色。复合造山和复合成矿系统在特提斯构造带最为典型,中国西南三江造山带是典型解剖区。构建了古生代与中生代原-古-中-新特提斯洋闭合引发的增生造山和新生代印度-欧亚大陆汇聚导致的碰撞造山过程,厘定了增生造山海底喷流型Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag、增生-碰撞造山岩浆热液型CuMo-Sn-W、碰撞造山盆地卤水-岩浆热液型Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu和碰撞造山斑岩-矽卡岩型Au-Cu-Mo四类典型复合成矿系统。 | 邓军 王庆飞 李龚健 | 2016 | 岩石学报2016，32，8： | 81 |
| 5 | 从华北克拉通中、西部结构的区域差异性探讨克拉通破坏显示文摘详细的深部结构信息是深入认识华北克拉通显生宙改造和破坏的重要依据。基于密集流动地震台阵和固定台网记录的远震P波和S波接收函数资料,获得了跨越华北克拉通东、中、西部的3条剖面的岩石圈和上地幔结构图像,揭示了克拉通不同区域深部结构特征的显著差异。与东部普遍减薄的岩石圈(60~100km)相比,中、西部表现出厚、薄岩石圈共存的强烈横向非均匀性,既在稳定的鄂尔多斯盆地之下保留着厚达200km的岩石圈,又在新生代银川—河套和陕西—山西裂陷区存在厚度<100km的薄岩石圈,差异最大的厚、薄岩石圈仅相距约200km。岩石圈厚度在东、中部边界附近的约100km横向范围内显示出20~40km的迅速增加。岩石圈厚度的快速变化与地表地形从东向西的突然改变以及南北重力梯度带的位置大致吻合,并对应于地壳结构、地幔转换带厚度和660km间断面结构的快速变化。这种从地表到上地幔底部深、浅结构的耦合变化特征表明,东西两侧区域在显生宙可能经历了不同的岩石圈构造演化和深部地幔动力学过程。克拉通东部薄的地壳、岩石圈和厚的地幔转换带以及复杂的660km间断面结构可能与中生代以来太平洋板块深俯冲及其相关过程对这一地区岩石圈的改造和破坏有关;而中、西部存在显著减薄的岩石圈这一观测结果,并结合岩石、地球化学资料表明,克拉通岩石圈改造和减薄不仅发生在东部,而且可能影响了包括中、西部在内的更广泛的区域。岩石圈薄于100km的中、西部裂陷区可能与先前存在于岩石圈中的局部构造薄弱带相联系。这些古老岩石圈薄弱带可能经历了后期构造事件的多次改造,并在新生代印度—欧亚陆陆碰撞过程中被进一步弱化、减薄,最终造成地表裂陷。另一方面,中、西部总体较厚的地壳、岩石圈以及正常偏薄的地幔转换带表明,同太平洋深俯冲对东部的作用相比,包括印度—欧亚大陆碰撞在内的多期热-构造事件对该地区的构造演化影响相对较弱,不足以大范围改造和破坏高强度的克拉通岩石圈地幔根,从而造成了该地区现今岩石圈结构的高度横向不均匀。 | 陈凌 危自根 程骋 | 2010 | 地学前缘2010，17，1： | 59 |
| 6 | Mesozoic mafic magmatism in North China:Implications for thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere显示文摘The North China Craton(NCC) has been thinned from >200 km to <100 km in its eastern part. The ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) has been replaced by the juvenile SCLM in the Meoszoic. During this period, the NCC was destructed as indicated by extensive magmatism in the Early Cretaceous. While there is a consensus on the thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere in North China, it has been hotly debated about the mechanism of cartonic destruction.This study attempts to provide a resolution to current debates in the view of Mesozoic mafic magmatism in North China. We made a compilation of geochemical data available for Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks in the NCC. The results indicate that these mafic igneous rocks can be categorized into two series,manifesting a dramatic change in the nature of mantle sources at ~121 Ma. Mafic igneous rocks emplaced at this age start to show both oceanic island basalts(OIB)-like trace element distribution patterns and depleted to weakly enriched Sr-Nd isotope compositions. In contrast,mafic igneous rocks emplaced before and after this age exhibit both island arc basalts(IAB)-like trace element distribution patterrs and enriched Sr-Nd isotope compositions.This difference indicates a geochemical mutation in the SCLM of North China at^121 Ma. Although mafic magmatism also took place in the Late Triassic, it was related to exhumation of the deeply subducted South China continental crust because the subduction of Paleo-Pacific slab was not operated at that time. Paleo-Pacific slab started to subduct beneath the eastern margin of Eruasian continent since the Jurrasic. The subducting slab and its overlying SCLM wedge were coupled in the Jurassic, and slab dehydration resulted in hydration and weakening of the cratonic mantle. The mantle sources of ancient IAB-like mafic igneous rocks are a kind of ultramafic metasomatites that were generated by reaction of the cratonic mantle wedge peridotite notonly with aqueous solutions derived from dehydration of the subducting Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust in the Jurassic but also with hydrous melts derived from partial melting of the subducting South China continental crust in the Triassic. On the other hand, the mantle sources of juvenile OIB-like mafic igneous rocks are also a kind of ultramafic metasomatites that were generated by reaction of the asthenospheric mantle underneath the North China lithosphere with hydrous felsic melts derived from partial melting of the subducting Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust. The subducting Paleo-Pacific slab became rollback at^144 Ma. Afterwards the SCLM base was heated by laterally filled asthenospheric mantle, leading to thinning of the hydrated and weakened cratonic mantle. There was extensive bimodal magmatism at 130 to 120 Ma, marking intensive destruction of the cratonic lithosphere. Not only the ultramafic metasomatites in the lower part of the cratonic mantle wedge underwent partial melting to produce mafic igneous rocks showing negative ε_(Nd)(t) values, depletion in Nb and Ta but enrichment in Pb, but also the lower continent crust overlying the cratonic mantle wedge was heated for extensive felsic magmatism. At the same time, the rollback slab surface was heated by the laterally filled astheno spheric mantle, resulting in partial melting of the previously dehydrated rocks beyond rutile stability on the slab surface. This produce still hydrous felsic melts, which metasomatized the overlying astheno spheric mantle peridotite to generate the ultramafic metasomatites that show positive ε_(Nd)(t) values, no depletion or even enrichment in Nb and Ta but depletion in Pb. Partial melting of such metasomatites started at^121 Ma, giving rise to the mafic igneous rocks with juvenile OIB-like geochemical signatures. In this context, the age of ~121 Ma may terminate replacement of the ancient SCLM by the juvenile SCLM in North China. Paleo-Pacific slab was not subducted to the mantle transition zone in the Mesozoic as revealed by moder seismic tomography, and it was subducted at a low angle since the Jurassic, like the subduction of Nazca Plate beneath American continent. This flat subduction would not only chemically metasomatize the cratonic mantle but also physically erode the cratonic mantle. Therefore, the interaction between Paleo-Pacific slab and the cratonic mantle is the first-order geodynamic mechanism for the thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere in North China. | Yongfei ZHENG Zheng XU Zifu ZHAO Liqun DAI | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，4： | 47 |
| 7 | 克拉通边缘岩石圈金属再富集与金-钼-稀土元素成矿作用显示文摘克拉通是大规模成矿的重要构造环境,其边缘产出了众多世界级规模的金、钼、稀土元素矿床。然而,克拉通如何控制巨型矿床的形成与分布尚不十分清楚。文章基于作者和前人的研究成果,探讨了扬子和华北克拉通岩石圈早期金属富集与后期金属活化问题。在全球范围,多数克拉通在其形成之后长期保持稳定,但部分克拉通(如华北、扬子)在克拉通化之后又经历了早期(元古代)增生与晚期(中生代—新生代)改造。在克拉通化及其之后,处于克拉通边缘的大洋岩石圈或克拉通块体间的有限洋盆发生板片俯冲,释放出含金属组分(REE、Cu、Au)的富CO2流体,交代亏损的大陆岩石圈地幔(SCLM),并使之发生交代和金属再富集。俯冲诱发的弧岩浆在大陆下地壳底侵可形成新生下地壳,伴随着少量硫化物的堆积而发生金属(Au、Cu)再富集。由于克拉通相对稳定,新生下地壳在进变质脱水过程中仍能保存部分金属,释放的(含Au)变质流体很可能被封存或固结在地壳的某个部位。在克拉通破坏改造期,软流圈上涌改变克拉通SCLM热结构并诱发其部分熔融,产生富REE的碳酸岩熔体和富水的基性岩浆(如煌斑岩)。前者在浅部地壳侵位并出溶成矿流体,形成碳酸岩型REE矿床;后者在深部地壳脱挥发分(H2O+CO2),诱发新生下地壳重熔和含Au硫化物(和/或含Au流体囊)活化,形成富Au岩浆系统或流体系统。这些深地壳熔/流体沿克拉通边界或岩石圈不连续运移至上部地壳,岩浆系统直接出溶成矿流体,形成以斑岩体为中心的斑岩型Au矿,含Au富CO2流体流沿断裂网络系统活动并沉淀金属,形成石英脉型和蚀变岩型Au矿。伴随克拉通破坏改造,克拉通边界断裂或基底断裂重新活化,并诱发古老下地壳熔融,产生含Mo岩浆系统。这个理论框架不同于已有的造山带成矿理论模式,它解释了克拉通边缘异常富集Au、Mo、REE矿床及其成矿规律,可用于类似克拉通地区的成矿预测。 | 侯增谦 郑远川 耿元生 | 2015 | 矿床地质2015，34，4： | 37 |
| 8 | Decratonic gold deposits显示文摘The North China Craton(NCC) hosts numerous gold deposits and is known as the most gold-productive region of China. The gold deposits were mostly formed within a few million years in the Early Cretaceous(130–120 Ma), coeval with widespread occurrences of bimodal magmatism, rift basins and metamorphic core complexes that marked the peak of lithospheric thinning and destruction of the NCC. Stable isotope data and geological evidence indicate that ore-forming fluids and other components were largely exsolved from cooling magma and/or derived from mantle degassing during the period of lithospheric extension. Gold mineralization in the NCC contrasts strikingly with that of other cratons where gold ore-forming fluids were sourced mostly from metamorphic devolatization in compressional or transpressional regimes. In this paper, we present a summary and discussion on time-space distribution and ore genesis of gold deposits in the NCC in the context of the timing, spatial variation, and decratonic processes. Compared with orogenic gold deposits in other cratonic blocks, the Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the NCC are quite distinct in that they were deposited from magma-derived fluids under extensional settings and associated closely with destruction of cratonic lithosphere. We argue that Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the NCC cannot be classified as orogenic gold deposits as previously suggested, rather, they are a new type of gold deposits, termed as 'decratonic gold deposits' in this study. The westward subduction of the paleo-West Pacific plate(the Izanagi plate) beneath the eastern China continent gave rise to an optimal tectonic setting for large-scale gold mineralization in the Early Cretaceous. Dehydration of the subducted and stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone led to continuous hydration and considerable metasomatism of the mantle wedge beneath the NCC. As a consequence, the refractory mantle became oxidized and highly enriched in large ion lithophile elements and chalcophile elements(e.g., Cu, Au, Ag and Te). Partial melting of such a mantle would have produced voluminous hydrous, Au- and S-bearing basaltic magma, which, together with crust-derived melts induced by underplating of basaltic magma, served as an important source for ore-forming fluids. It is suggested that the Eocene Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, occurring geologically in the deformed western margin of the North America Craton, are comparable with the Early Cretaceous gold deposits of the NCC because they share similar tectonic settings and auriferous fluids. The NCC gold deposits are characterized by gold-bearing quartz veins in the Archean amphibolite facies rocks, whereas the Nevada gold deposits are featured by fine-grained sulfide dissemination in Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Their main differences in gold mineralization are the different host rocks, ore-controlling structures, and ore-forming depth. The similar tectonic setting and ore-forming fluid source, however, indicate that the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are actually analogous to decratonic gold deposits in the NCC. Gold deposits in both the NCC and Nevada were formed in a relatively short time interval(<10 Myr) and become progressively younger toward the subduction zone. Younging of gold mineralization toward subduction zone might have been attributed to retreat of subduction zone and rollback of subducted slab. According to the ages of gold deposits on inland and marginal zones, the retreat rates of the Izanagi plate in the western Pacific in the Early Cretaceous and the Farallon plate of the eastern Pacific in the Eocene are estimated at 8.8 cm/yr and 3.3 cm/yr, respectively. | ZHU RiXiang FAN HongRui LI JianWei MENG QingRen LI ShengRong ZENG QingDong | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，9： | 37 |
| 9 | The subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton显示文摘While a general concensus has recently been reached as to the causal relationship between the subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton, a number of important questions remain to answer, including the initial subduction of west Pacific plate beneath the eastern Asian continent, the position of west Pacific subduction zone during the peak period of decratonization(i.e., Early Cretaceous), the formation age of the big mantle wedge under eastern Asia, and the fate of the subducted Pacific slab. Integration of available data suggests that the subduction of the western Pacific plate was initiated as early as Early Jurrasic and the subduction zone was situated to 2,200 km west of the present-day trench in the Early Creataceous, as a result of eastward migration of the Asian continent over a distance of ca. 900 km since the Early Cretaceous.The retreat of the subducting west Pacific plate started ~145 Ma ago, corresponding to the initial formation of the big mantle wedge system in the Early Cretaceous. The subduction of the Pacific slab excerted severe influence on the North China Craton most likely through material and energy echange between the big mantle wedge and overlying cratonic lithosphere. The evolution history of the west Pacific plate was reconstructed based on tectonic events. This allows to propose that the causes of phases A and B for the Yanshanian orogeny were respectively related to rapid low-angle subduction and to lowering subduction angle of the west Pacific plate. At ca. 130–120 Ma, the subduction of the west Pacific plate was characterized by increasing subducting angle, slab rollback and rapid trench retreat, leading to the final stagnation of the subducting slab within the mantle transition zone. This process may have significantly affected the physical property and viscosity of the mantle wedge above the stagnant slab, resulting in non-steady mantle flows. The ingression of slab-released melts/fluids would significantly lower the viscosity of the mantle wedge and overlying lithosphere, inducing decratonization. This study yields important bearings on the relationship between the subduction of the west Pacific plate and the evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. | Rixiang ZHU Yigang XU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，9： | 38 |
| 10 | Crust-mantle coupling in North China:Preliminary analysis from seismic anisotropy显示文摘Data from the CASN(Capital Area Seismograph Network),NSNC(National Seismograph Network of China),and IRIS(Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) are compared with data from a temporary North China Seismic Array to obtain the background orientation of the horizontal crustal principal compressive stress at NE 95.1°±15.4° in North China.Data are corrected for disturbances of faults and irregular tectonics,and are used to constrain the fast SKS polarization at NE 110.2°±15.8° in North China.Individual station analyses suggests that there is consistently more than 10° difference between the polarizations of fast shear-wave in the crust and those of fast SKS phases.Azimuthally anisotropic phase velocities of Rayleigh waves at different periods also indicate an orientation change for fast velocity with depth.It suggests the crust-mantle coupling in North China follows neither the simple decoupling model nor the strong coupling model.Instead,it is possibly some inhomogeneous combination of two models or some gradual-change model of physical characteristics.This study shows that anisotropy in the crust and mantle could be multiply characterized more correctly and crust-mantle coupling could be analyzed further,if increasing near-field shear-wave splitting data that indicate crustal anisotropy,combined with the azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves,besides the result of SKS splitting travelling through lithosphere and surface GPS measurements. | GAO Yuan WU Jing YI GuiXi SHI YuTao | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，31： | 34 |
| 11 | Adakitic rocks and destruction of the North China Craton:Evidence from experimental petrology and geochemistry显示文摘The general temporal-spatial consistency for the formation of adakitic rocks and lithospheric thinning in northern China provide a window to examine the processes and mechanism for the destruction of the North China Craton.With experimental petrology data,this paper demonstrates that the adakitic rocks in northern China are the products of partial melting of middle-to high-potassic metabasalts at the base of the lower continent crust.Based on the TiO2 solubility model,many adakitic rocks in Dabie,Jiaodong and the northern part of the craton appear to have been saturated with TiO2.This indicates the presence of a Ti-rich accessory phase in their source regions.This phase must be rutile based on the decreasing Nb/La with increasing La/Yb in the adakitic rocks.The adakitic magmas were,thus,derived from a depth of more than 50 km,based on pressures (higher than 1.5 GPa) for the stability of rutile in a metabasalt system.Because present-day crustal thickness is generally only 35 km,we suggest that the destruction of the North China Craton may have led to at least 15 km of thinning or delamination of the crust. | XIONG XiaoLin LIU XingCheng ZHU ZhiMin LI Yuan XIAO Wan Sheng SONG MaoShuang ZHANG Sheng WU JinHua | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，6： | 34 |
| 12 | 松辽盆地岩石圈减薄的深部动力学过程显示文摘松辽盆地作为东亚裂谷系的一部分,与华北克拉通一起经历了中生代岩石圈减薄的重大地质事件.对大陆岩石圈-软流圈状态和构造的整体认识,是研究大陆岩石圈减薄深部动力学过程的关键.在获得过松辽盆地的106个宽频和30个长周期大地电磁测深数据的基础上,完成测点数据二维偏离度、构造走向等计算与分析,进一步采用非线性共轭梯度算法,对TE和TM模式数据进行二维联合反演,获得了沿剖面的壳-幔电性结构,并依此构建了松辽盆地壳-幔结构模型.研究结果表明:(1)大兴安岭地区岩石圈厚度约为160km,松辽盆地岩石圈厚度约为45km,张广才岭岩石圈厚度在70~100km之间,莫霍面与岩石圈底界面不呈镜像关系.软流圈整体表现为中、低阻异常,电阻率值在30Ωm左右,其形态呈西倾约30°的蘑菇状异常,指示了软流圈物质上涌的形式,有别于软流圈垂直上涌的传统认识.(2)松辽盆地深部存在双层高导异常(电阻率小于5Ωm),上层为壳内高导层,呈'蛇'状分布,推断为岩浆底侵区,下层为幔内高导层,呈'哑铃'状,为软流圈上涌区.软流圈内存在两个'哑铃'状中、高阻异常,推断为拆沉的岩石圈地幔.具有冷的、高密度的下降物质流的堆积以及拆沉块体下插到两侧山岭是促使大兴安岭与张广才岭在中生代伸展环境中快速隆升重要原因;(3)松辽盆地经历了岩石圈减薄事件,与大兴安岭岩石圈厚度相比,松辽盆地岩石圈厚度减薄了近100km,与东侧张广才岭相比减薄了70km,而与中生代华北地台100km的岩石圈厚度相比,减薄了近50km,其经历了岩石圈伸展期、裂解期、拆沉期和增长期的动力学过程. | 韩江涛 郭振宇 刘文玉 侯贺晟 刘国兴 韩松 刘立家 王天琪 | 2018 | 地球物理学报2018，61，6： | 29 |
| 13 | Differences in lithospheric structures between two sides of Taihang Mountain obtained from the Zhucheng-Yichuan deep seismic sounding profile显示文摘A 2-D model of lithospheric velocity structures in the southern part of the North China Craton was obtained using data from the Zhucheng-Yichuan deep seismic sounding profile.Results show that there are great differences in lithospheric structures between two sides of Taihang Mountain.In the eastern region,the lithosphere is thinner,with a thickness of about 70-80 km,while in the western region,the thickness is 85-120 km.There is a jump of the lithospheric thickness across Taihang Mountain gravity anomaly belt with a magnitude of about 30 km.P wave velocities of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust are lower in the eastern region and higher in the western region.In the eastern region,there are low velocity bodies in the middle and lower crust,while none were found in the western region.These differences indicate that the Taihang Mountain gravity anomaly belt is a belt with a abrupt change of lithospheric thickness and lithological composition.According to the Pm waveform,it can be deduced that the Moho in the eastern region is not a sharp discontinuity,but a complex transitional zone.From a preliminary analysis,it is found that the geothermal mechanical-chemical erosion could be the main mechanism causing the thinning and destruction of the lithosphere beneath the eastern side of Taihang Mountain.In addition,subduction of the Pacific Plate is an important factor which changes the properties of the lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton. | LI SongLin LAI XiaoLing LIU BaoFeng WANG ZhiSuo HE JiaYong SUN Yi | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，6： | 27 |
| 14 | Growth and reworking of cratonic lithosphere显示文摘To study the thinning of cratonic lithosphere in North China has been the hot subject of basic research in the fields of solid earth science in China. This paper presents an overview on the formation and evolution of continental crust, and outlines the mechanisms of forming the lithospheric mantle. It is suggested that the thinning of cratonic lithosphere principally proceeds in two ways, one by subduc- tion erosion (e.g., North China), and the other by a combination of subduction erosion and underplating degistion (e.g., Yangtze). | ZHENG YongFei WU FuYuan | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，19： | 25 |
| 15 | 华北克拉通岩石圈三维密度结构显示文摘显生宙以来华北克拉通岩石圈遭到破坏,这一现象的科学问题已受到世界地学家广泛关注.本文首先将地震层析成像反演得到的P波速度扰动转化为密度扰动,以此作为初始密度模型,然后利用布格重力异常反演得到了华北克拉通岩石圈高分辨三维密度结构.为了避开大型稀疏矩阵求逆计算,提高计算效率,我们将代数重构技术用于密度反演解算.反演结果表明:华北克拉通岩石圈密度在横向和纵向上均存在明显的不均匀性,密度分布形态与地表构造格局有很好的相关性;研究区地壳整体表现为低密度异常,地壳以下岩石圈部分则以高密度异常为主;鄂尔多斯块体地壳范围内以低密度异常为主,80~120km深度上为呈南北两端集中分布的高密度异常,并分别与秦岭造山带和阴山造山带的高密度异常分布相连,这暗示了鄂尔多斯块体可能受到了来自其南北两端造山带深部动力学过程的影响;80~120km深度上,华北克拉通东部地区呈现出显著的南北向非均匀的高密度异常,这表明遭到破坏后该地区上地幔物质分布具有强烈的南北向非均匀性. | 王新胜 方剑 许厚泽 郑伟 | 2012 | 地球物理学报2012，55，4： | 25 |
| 16 | 大兴安岭造山带及两侧盆地的地壳速度结构显示文摘内蒙新巴尔虎左旗一黑龙江齐齐哈尔深地震测深剖面长630km,跨越海拉尔盆地、大兴安岭造山带和松辽盆地.本文根据沿测线爆破地震的9炮记录截面图中,5个震相的到时资料,结合地震记录中的振幅信息,确定了沿剖面的二维纵波地壳速度结构,海拉尔盆地的地壳厚度为39.O~41.0km,大兴安岭造山带西侧莫霍面深度为38.5~43.5knL东侧的莫霍面深度为34.5~36.4k风松辽盆地的莫霍面深度为32.4~36.2km整个地壳形态东浅西深,松辽盆地最浅的莫霍面深度为32.4km,大兴安岭西侧最深的莫霍面深度为43.5km最后讨论了本区的深部特征和盆山结构关系. | 李英康 高锐 姚聿涛 米胜信 李文辉 熊小松 高建伟 | 2014 | 地球物理学进展2014，29，1： | 25 |
| 17 | The P-wave velocity structure of the lithosphere of the North China Craton——Results from the Wendeng-Alxa Left Banner deep seismic sounding profile显示文摘For the first time on the Chinese mainland, long-range wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profiling technology has been applied to seismic wave phases from different depths and with different attributes within the various blocks of the North China Craton to characterize the structure of the crust and upper mantle lithosphere. By comparative analysis of the seismic wave phase characteristics in each block across a 1500-km-long east-west profile, we have identified conventional Pg, Pci, PmP and Pn phases in the crust, made a clear contrast between PL1 and PL2 waves belonging to two groups of lithospheric-scale phases, and produced a model of crust-mantle velocity structures and tectonic characteristics after one- and two-dimensional calculations and processing. The results show that the thickness of the crust and lithosphere gradually deepens from east to west along the profile. However, at the reflection/refraction interface, seismic waves in each group show obvious localized changes in each block. Also, the depth to the crystalline basement changes greatly, from as much as 7.8 km in the North China fault basin to only about 2 km beneath the Jiaodong Peninsula and Taihang-Lüliang area. The Moho morphology as a whole ranges from shallow in the east to deep in the west, with the deepest point in the Ordos Block at 47 km; in contrast, the North China Plain Block is uplifting. The L1 interface of the lithosphere is observed only to the west of Taihang Mountains, at a relatively slowly changing depth of about 80 km. The L2 interface varies from 75 to 160 km and shows a sharp deepening to the west of Taihang Mountains, forming a mutation belt. | WANG ShuaiJun WANG FuYun ZHANG JianShi JIA ShiXu ZHANG ChengKe ZHAO JinRen LIU BaoFeng | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，9： | 26 |
| 18 | 华北克拉通岩石圈有效弹性厚度及其各向异性显示文摘华北克拉通是典型的克拉通破坏的区域,研究该区域的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)及其各向异性特征有助于了解华北克拉通的强度构造及破坏机制.我们根据空间分辨率为30″×30″的地形数据和由自由空气异常解算得到的完全布格重力异常数据,利用Fan小波分析方法计算了两者之间的相关性,并基于Forsyth理论和正交各向异性薄板模型计算了华北克拉通地区的岩石圈Te和其各向异性分布情况.结果表明:(1)从各向同性Te分布来看,华北克拉通岩石圈在东部、中部和西部存在着明显的差异.鄂尔多斯地块、河淮盆地的Te值均较高;中华北克拉通、南北重力梯度带及鲁西隆起Te值较低,约10~25km;郯庐断裂带两侧Te有非常大的差异,西侧的Te明显小于东侧,推测郯庐断裂带在华北克拉通破坏过程中起着非常重要的作用.(2)从Te的各向异性来看,不同块体Te各向异性的大小或方向存在差异,并且研究区内地震大多分布在Te各向异性大小或方向转变的区域.(3)从地震波SKS各向异性和Te各向异性的比较来看,在华北克拉通西部阿拉善块体岩石圈变形趋于垂直连贯变形模式;鄂尔多斯地区各向异性源自历史构造事件的'化石'各向异性;山西裂谷带地区Te的弱轴方向和SKS的快波方向平行,而在山西裂谷带南部的秦岭—大别区域,SKS快波方向和Te弱轴方向相垂直,这可能与地幔热物质上涌等作用有关.此外,Te各向异性与现今构造应力场间的相关性不明显,体现出华北克拉通复杂的构造应力特征. | 郑勇 李永东 熊熊 | 2012 | 地球物理学报2012，55，11： | 24 |
| 19 | Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure model of the middle-eastern north China Craton (HBCrust1.0)显示文摘Lithosphere thinning and destruction in the middle-eastern North China Craton(NCC), a region susceptible to strong earthquakes, is one of the research hotspots in solid earth science. All 42 seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles have been completed in the middle-eastern NCC. We collect all the 2-D profiling results and perform gridding of the velocity and interface depth data, building a 3-D crustal velocity structure model for the middle-eastern NCC, named HBCrust1.0, by using the Kriging interpolation method. Our result shows that the first-arrival times calculated by HBCust1.0 fit well with the observations. The result demonstrates that the upper crust is the main seismogenic layer, and the brittle-ductile transition occurs at depths near interface C(the interface between upper and lower crust). The depth of interface Moho varies beneath the source area of the Tangshan earthquake, and a low-velocity structure is found to extend from the source area to the lower crust. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that stress accumulation responsible for the Tangshan earthquake may have been closely related to the migration and deformation of the mantle materials. Comparisons of the average velocities of the whole crust, the upper and the lower crust show that the average velocity of the lower crust under the central part of the North China Basin(NCB) in the east of the craton is obviously higher than the regional average. This high-velocity probably results from long-term underplating of the mantle magma. | DUAN YongHong WANG FuYun ZHANG XianKang LIN JiYan LIU Zhi LIU BaoFeng YANG ZhuoXin GUO WenBin WEI YunHao | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，7： | 24 |
| 20 | Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton显示文摘The North China Craton(NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods:(1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic(~170 Ma);(2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(160-140 Ma);(3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic(140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period,the subduction and closure of the PaleoAsian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression(Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range pro vince by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults.With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weakzones(i.e.,cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted(~125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by(1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling.Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment;(2)then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton,or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust. | Jianping ZHENG Hongkun DAI | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，4： | 20 |
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