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| 1 | Degradation of corn stalk by the composite microbial system of MC1显示文摘MC1 的合成微生物引起的系统被用来降级玉米秸以便象 MC1 的细菌的作文一样决定降级的产品的性质。结果显示发酵肉汤的 pH 典型地代表由 MC1 的木质纤维素降级,在早阶段减少并且在降级的以后的阶段增加。微生物引起的生物资源在在降级以后的日子 3 上达到顶点。MC1 高效地降级了在将近 70% 的玉米秸在哪个期间它的纤维素内容在 71.2% 减少了,在 76.5% 的半纤维素和在 24.6% 的木质素。在发酵肉汤的水溶性的糖类(WSC ) 的内容在开始的三天期间日益增多地增加了,并且此后减少了,建议在降级过程的早阶段的 WSC 的累积。各种各样的不稳定的产品的全部的层次在降级以后在第三天内达到顶点,并且不稳定的产品的 7 种类型在发酵肉汤被检测。这些是乙醇,醋酸, 1,2-ethanediol, propanoic 酸, butanoic 酸, 3-methyl-butanoic 酸和甘油。六主要混合物是分析的份量上,每混合物的内容是乙醇(0.584 g/L ) ,醋酸(0.735 g/L ) , 1,2-ethanediol (0.772 g/L ) , propanoic 酸(0.026 g/L ) , butanoic 酸(0.018 g/L ) 和甘油(4.203 g/L ) 。基于 DNA 的 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE 分析,从文化答案收集的细菌的房间的描述证明在 MC1 的细菌的社区的作文从以前的研究与观察基本上与一致。这显示 MC1 的结构在不同木质纤维素材料的降级期间是很稳定的。 | GUO Peng WANG Xiaofen ZHU Wanbin YANG Hongyan CHENG Xu CUI Zongjun | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，1： | 39 |
| 2 | Changes of nutrient concentrations and N:P:Si ratios and their possible impacts on the Huanghai Sea ecosystem显示文摘To investigate the impacts of nutrient concentrations and N:P:Si ratios on the ecosystem of the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea), the current status and long-term variation of nutrients concentrations and ratios as well as phytoplankton community structure in the Huanghai Sea were collected and analyzed. The results reveal great annual and seasonal fluctuations in the nutrient concentrations and N:P:Si ratios during 1998-2008 with no clear pattern observed in the whole region. Yet on a seasonal scale of spring and in the coastal regions such as the Jiaozhou Bay and Sanggou Bay, the increase of DIN concentration and N:P ratio as well as the decrease of phosphate and silicate concentrations and Si:N ratios were relatively significant. Many pelagic ecosystem changes have occurred concurrent with these changes of the nutrient regime, such as the recent increase of primary production, changes of phytoplankton chlorophyll a biomass and abundance, an increase of eutrophication, and occurrence of HABs. In addition, new trends in the variation of nutrients seem to be developing in some particular transect such as 36°N, which suggests that long-term and systematic ecosystem monitoring in the Huanghai Sea is necessary. | FU Mingzhu WANG Zongling PU Xinming XU Zongjun ZHU Mingyuan | 2012 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2012，31，4： | 13 |
| 3 | From intrinsic dielectric loss to geometry patterns: Dual-principles strategy for ultrabroad band microwave absorption显示文摘As electromagnetic absorbers with wide absorption bandwidth are highly pursued in the cutting-edge electronic and telecommunication industries, the traditional dielectric or magnetic bulky absorbers remain concerns of extending the effective absorption bandwidth. In this work, a dual-principle strategy has been proposed to make a better understanding of the impact of utilizing conductive absorption fillers coupled with implementing artificial structures design on the absorption performance. In the comparison based on the microscopic studies, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based absorbers are confined to narrow operating bandwidth and relatively fixed response frequency range, which can not fulfill the ever-growing demands in the application. With subsequent macroscopic structure design based on the CNTs-based dielectric fillers, the artificial patterns show much more broadened absorption bandwidth, covering the majority of C-band, the whole X-band, and Ku-band, due to the tailored electromagnetic parameters and more reflections and scatterings. The results suggest that the combination of developing microscopic powder/bulky absorbers and macroscopic configuration design will fundamentally extend the effective operating bandwidth of microwave. | Bin Quan Weihua Gu Jiaqi Sheng Xinfeng Lv Yuyi Mao Lie Liu Xiaogu Huang Zongjun Tian Guangbin Ji | 2021 | Nano Research2021，14，5： | 13 |
| 4 | Trabecular-like Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds for orthopedic: fabrication by selective laser melting and in vitro biocompatibility显示文摘Porous metal scaffolds play an important role in the orthopedic field, due to their wide applications in prostheses implantation. Some previous studies showed that the scaffolds with trabecular bone structure reconstructed via computed tomography had satisfactory biocompatibility. However, the reverse modeling scaffolds were inflexible for customized design. Therefore, a top-down designing biomimetic bone scaffold with favorable mechanical performances and cytocompatibility is urgently demanded for orthopedic implants. An emerging additive manufacturing technique, selective laser melting, was employed to fabricate the trabecular-like porous Ti-6Al-4 V scaffolds with varying irregularities(0.05-0.5) and porosities(48.83%–74.28%) designed through a novel Voronoi-Tessellation based method. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the scaffolds’ morphology.Quasi-static compression tests were performed to evaluate the scaffolds’ mechanical properties. The MG63 cells culture in vitro experiments, including adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, were conducted to study the cytocompatibility of scaffolds. Compressive tests of scaffolds revealed an apparent elastic modulus range of 1.93–5.24 GPa and an ultimate strength ranging within 44.9–237.5 MPa, which were influenced by irregularity and porosity, and improved by heat treatment. Furthermore, the in vitro assay suggested that the original surface of the SLM-fabricated scaffolds was favorable for osteoblasts adhesion and migration because of micro scale pores and ravines. The trabecular-like porous scaffolds with full irregularity and higher porosity exhibited enhanced cells proliferation and osteoblast differentiation at earlier time, due to their preferable combination of small and large pores with various shapes. This study suggested that selective laser melting-derived Ti-6Al-4 V scaffold with the trabecular-like porous structure designed through Voronoi-Tessellation method, favorable mechanical performance, and good cytocompatibility was a potential biomaterial for orthopedic implants. | Huixin Liang Youwen Yang Deqiao Xie Lan Li Ning Mao Changjiang Wang Zongjun Tian Qing jiang Lida Shen | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，7： | 12 |
| 5 | Interspecies competition for nutrients between Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum(Grev.) Cleve in mesocosm experiments显示文摘Three mesocosm experiments were conducted in the East China Sea during blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in May of 1998,2002 and 2003 to examine the role of nutrients in the formation of these harmful algae blooms(HABs).The results showed that there was interspecies competition between P.donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum(Grev.) Cleve.The cell number of P.donghaiense and S.costatum accounted for about 85% and 11% of the total cell number of phytoplankton respectively at the beginning of the experiment in May 1998.In May 2002,at the beginning of the experiment,the cell number of P.donghaiense accounted for 55%-66% of the total and S.costatum accounted for 32%-42%.The density of P.donghaiense and S.costatum was over 95% and 1%-5% respectively in May 2003.The results of these three mesocosm experiments showed that the dominant species in this specific community varied with different nutrient availability.Under low-phosphate conditions,the dominant species was P.donghaiense,while S.costatum became dominant in phosphate-replete cases.The average growth rate(1.08 d-1) of S.costatum in exponential growth phase was higher than that(0.39 d-1) of P.donghaiense.In the mesocosm,S.costatum predominated in the mesocosm by its rapid growth.When phosphorus was depleted,the cell number of S.costatum dropped rapidly,while P.donghaiense Lu decreased more slowly.The results from mesocosm experiment may explain why:(1) P.donghaiense bloom usually occurs in May,when phosphate concentration is low;(2) the bloom of S.costatum appears in early spring and summer time,when nutrients increase with increasing Changjiang River(Yangtze River) runoff;(3) the bloom of S.costatum is short and that of P.donghaiense Lu can last more than a month in the East China Sea. | ZHU Mingyuan XU Zongjun LI Ruixiang WANG Zongling SHI Xiaoyong | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，1： | 10 |
| 6 | Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size显示文摘Background: In rumen fermentation, fumaric acid(FA) could competitively utilize hydrogen with methanogenesis to enhance propionate production and suppress methane emission, but both effects were diet-dependent. This study aimed to explore the effects of FA supplementation on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size.Methods: Four rumen-cannulated goats were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: low or high ratio of forage particle size: concentrate particle size(Fps:Cps), without or with FA supplementation(24 g/d). Fps:Cps was higher in the diet with chopped alfalfa hay plus ground corn than in that with ground alfalfa hay plus crushed corn.Results: Both increasing dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation shifted ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) patterns toward more propionate and less acetate in goats. An interaction between dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation was observed for the ratio of acetate to propionate(A:P), which was more predominant when FA was supplemented in the low-Fps:Cps diet. Methane production was reduced by FA, and the reduction was larger in the low-Fps:Cps diet(31.72%) than in the high-Fps:Cps diet(17.91%). Fumaric acid decreased ruminal total VFA concentration and increased ruminal p H. No difference was found in ruminal DM degradation of concentrate or alfalfa hay by dietary Fps:Cps or FA. Goats presented a lower ruminal methanogen abundance with FA supplementation and a higher B. fibrisolvens abundance with high dietary Fps:Cps.Conclusions: Adjusting dietary Fps:Cps is an alternative dietary model for studying diet-dependent effects without changing dietary chemical composition. Fumaric acid supplementation in the low-Fps:Cps diet showed greater responses in methane mitigation and propionate increase. | Zongjun Li Nannan Liu Yangchun Cao Chunjia Jin Fei Li Chuanjiang Cai Junhu Yao | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，2： | 8 |
| 7 | A Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage from the Hongjingshao Formation(Cambrian Stage 3) at Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan显示文摘A new Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage is reported herein from the lower part of the Hongjingshao Formation at Xiazhuang village of Chenggong,Kunming,Yunnan.The fossil assemblage,named as Xiazhuang fossil assemblage,yields predominantly soft-bodied fossils,including arthropods,brachiopods,priapulids,lobopods and some problematic taxa,with arthropods being the most dominant group.Preservation and composition of the fossil assemblage are very similar to the typical Chengjiang biota,which is preserved in the middle Yu’anshan Formation in the large area of eastern Yunnan.The associated trilobites demonstrate that the soft-bodied fossil assemblage belongs to the late Qiongzhusian in age(Stage 3,Cambrian),suggesting that the Hongjingshao Formation is probably a diachronous lithostratigraphic unit ranging from the upper Qiongzhusian to the lower Canglangpuan stages in eastern Yunnan.The fossil assemblage from the Xiazhuang area fills up the missing link between the typical older Chengjiang biota and the younger Malong and Guanshan biotas,making eastern Yunnan a unique area in the world to reveal the early evolutionary history of animals and palaeocommunity dynamics during the‘‘Cambrian explosion’’. | Han Zeng Fangchen Zhao Zongjun Yin Guoxiang Li Maoyan Zhu | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，25： | 6 |
| 8 | Use of Probiotics in Aquaculture显示文摘Diseases of cultured animal and environmental pollution are very important problems in aquaculture. The use of probiotics in aquaculture has more advantages than the use of antibiotics and chemicals in aquaculture. This review introduces the use and mechanisms of the probiotics in aquaculture. | 王祥红 Du Zongjun Chen Jixiang Li Yun Ji Weishang Xu Huaishu | 2002 | High Technology Letters2002，8，3： | 6 |
| 9 | Characterization of the effective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6显示文摘An efficient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of effective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest efficiency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 μmol/(min·mL), cellulose degradation efficiency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50-65°C with the highest degradation efficiency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so. | Yucai Lv Xiaofen Wang Ning Li Xiaojuan Wang Masaharu Ishii Yasuo Igarashi Zongjun Cui | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，4： | 6 |
| 10 | Effect of calycosin on left ventricular ejection fraction and angiogenesis in rat models with myocardial infarction显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluated the effect of calycosin on left ventricular ejection fraction and angiogenesis.METHODS:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into calycosin-treated groups(0.5,1,2,and 4 mg/kg qd),a dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),or a sham-operated control group.The myocardial ischaemia(Ml) model was intraperitoneally administered calycosin for 28 days.The survival rates and left ventricular ejection fractions(LVEF)were compared between groups.The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and cluster of differentiation 31(CD31) in ischaemic myocardium were also measured and compared.RESULTS:The construction of MI model resulted in a LVEF reduction of 50% compared with the sham-control.After 28 days,the LVEF value was 10% higher when calycosin(4 mg/kg) was administered compared with the DMSO group.The expression of VEGF and CD31 showed a dose-dependent manner when calycosin was administrated.The calycosin-treated(4 mg/kg) group displayed a twofold increase in VEGF expression at both the mRNA and protein levels compared with the DMSO group.In addition,CD31 expression in the microvascular increased 1.5-fold in the 4 mg/kg calycosin-treated group.CONCLUSION:Calycosin improved left ventricular ejection fraction in the MI rat models,induced VEGF expression in the ischaemic myocardium,increased CD31 expression and promoted angiogenesis. | Gao Junqing Chen Tao Jin Huigen Liu Zongjun Zhao Deqiang | 2015 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2015，35，2： | 6 |
| 11 | Identification of a marine agarolytic bacterium Agarivorans albus QM38 and cloning and sequencing its beta-agarase genes显示文摘A total of 117 agar-decomposing cultures were isolated from coastal seawater around Qingdao,China.The phenotypic and agarolytic features of an agarolytic isolate,QM38,were investigated.The strain was gram negative,strictly aerobic,curved rod and polar flagellum.On the basis of several phenotypic characters,biochemical and morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of the gene coding for the 16S rRNA,the strain was identified as Agarivorans albus strain QM38.This strain can liquefy the agar on the solid agar plate.An excellular agarase activity was determined in liquid culture.The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 40℃,pH 7.6.Its activity was greatly affected by different concentrations of agarose.The highest activity 32 U/ml was achieved in the culture supernatant.The hydrolytic product was analyzed by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE).After complete hydrolysis of agarose,a series of agaro-oligosaccharides were produced.The main products of the enzymes were oligosaccharides in the degree of polymerization (DP) of 2,4,6 and 8.Three genes agaD01,agaD02 and agaD03,encoding β-agarases,had been cloned from genomic DNA of Agarivorans albus strain QM38.The open reading frame of agaD01,consisted of 2 988 bp,and shared 95.5%-98.9% identity to the β-agarase genes of some strains of Vibrio and Agarivorans.Gene agaD02 comprised 2 868 bp and encoded a 955-amino-acid protein.It showed 97.4% and 98.7% identity to the β-agarase genes of strain Vibrio sp.PO-303 and strain Vibrio sp.JT0107,respectively.Only partial sequence of agaD03 gene has been cloned.It showed 96.5% identity to β-agarase gene (agaB) of Pseudoalteromonas sp.CY24,and shared 96.8% identity to β-agarase-c gene of Vibrio sp.PO-303. | DU Zongjun WANG Jing YANG Lijun CHEN Guanjun | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，1： | 5 |
| 12 | The investigation of the Neupert effect in two solar flares显示文摘The Neupert effect suggests a flare model in which the nonthermal emissions are produced by energetic electrons which heat lower corona and chromosphere to produce the thermal emissions. Based on this concept, we investigate the Neupert effect to test the correlation between the hard X-ray spectral index and the time rate of the UV flare area at 1600 or 171 . Using the T RACE and RHESSI observations, we explore these quantities for two solar flares, one on March 14, 2002 and the other on November 1, 2003. The negative dependence between the spectral index and the time rate of the UV flare area is found, especially during the hard X-ray sub-peaks. This finding indicates that the electron-beam-driven heating plays a prominent role in the UV emission of these two flares. | NING ZongJun Purple Mountain Observatory, Nanjing 210008, China | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，11： | 4 |
| 13 | Preparation and characterization of nanostructured Al_2O_3-13wt.%TiO_2 ceramic coatings by plasma spraying显示文摘Nanostructured and conventional Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 ceramic coatings were prepared by plasma spraying with nanostructured agglomerated and conventional powders, respectively. The microstructure and microhardness of the coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and microhardness measurement. Meanwhile, the friction and wear behaviors were analyzed and compared using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results show that the conventional coating has lamellar stacking characteristic and has some pores. However, the nanostructured coating shows a bimodal microstructure, which is composed of both fully melted regions and partially melted regions. According to the microstructural difference, the partially melted regions can be divided into liquid-phase sintered regions (a three-dimensional net or skeleton-like structure: Al2O3-rich submicron particles embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix) and solid-phase sintered regions (remained nanoparticles). The microstructural characteristics of the liquid-phase sintered region are formed due to the selective melting of TiO2 nanoparticles during plasma spraying. On the other hand, the TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles of the solid-phase sintered regions are all unmelted during plasma spraying. Due to the existence of nanostructured microstructures, the nanostructured coating has a higher microhardness, a lower friction coefficient, and a better wear resistance than the conventional coating. | WANG Dongsheng TIAN Zongjun SHEN Lida LIU Zhidong HUANG Yinhui | 2009 | Rare Metals2009，28，5： | 4 |
| 14 | Microbial population dynamics and changes in main nutrients during the acidification process of pig manures显示文摘This study evaluated the impact of pig manure acidification on anaerobic treatment and composition of the fecal microbial community.According to the different chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the anaerobic treatment processes,pig manure was diluted 4 times (×4),16 times (×16),or 64 times (×64) and subjected to acidification.During the acidification process,pH,soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD),volatile fatty acids (VFAs),nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were determined along with microbial population dynamics.The pH of the three dilutions first declined,and then slowly increased.The total VFAs of ×4 and ×16 dilutions peaked on day 15 and 20,respectively.The content of acetic acid,propanoic acid,butanoic acid and valeric acid of the × 4 dilution were 23.6,11.4,8.8 and 0.6 g/L respectively,and that of the ×16 dilution was 5.6,2.3,0.9 and 0.2 g/L respectively.Only acetic acid was detected in the ×64 dilution,and its level peaked on day 10.The results showed that the liquid pig manure was more suitable to enter the anaerobic methanogenic bioreactors after two weeks of acidification.During the acidification process,total P concentration increased during the first ten days,then dropped sharply,and rose again to a relatively high final concentration,while total N concentration rose initially and then declined.Based on the analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene clone library,we concluded that the acidification process reduced the number of pathogenic bacteria species in pig manure. | Dongdong Zhang Xufeng Yuan Peng Guo Yali Suo Xiaofen Wang Weidong Wang Zongjun Cui | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，3： | 4 |
| 15 | Dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility in ruminants following elimination of protozoa: a meta-analysis显示文摘Background: Ruminal microbes are vital to the conversion of lignocellulose-rich plant materials into nutrients for ruminants.Although protozoa play a key role in linking ruminal microbial networks,the contribution of protozoa to rumen fermentation remains controversial; therefore,this meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the temporal dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) profiles and dietary fiber digestibility in ruminants following the elimination of protozoa(also termed defaunation).A total of 49 studies from 22 publications were evaluated.Results: The results revealed that defaunation reduced methane production and shifted ruminal VFA profiles to consist of more propionate and less acetate and butyrate,but with a reduced total VFA concentration and decreased dietary fiber digestibility.However,these effects were diminished linearly,at different rates,with time during the first few weeks after defaunation,and eventually reached relative stability.The acetate to propionate ratio and methane production were increased at 7 and 11 wk after defaunation,respectively.Conclusions: Elimination of protozoa initially shifted the rumen fermentation toward the production of more propionate and less methane,but eventually toward the production of less propionate and more methane over time. | Zongjun Li Qi Deng Yangfan Liu Tao Yan Fei Li Yangchun Cao Junhu Yao | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Isolation and diversity analysis of heterotrophic bacteria associated with sea anemones显示文摘A study was undertaken to investigate the heterotrophic bacterial flora associated with the sea anemones.Samples of the sea anemones Anthopleura midori were collected from the coast of Weihai and bacteria were isolated from these samples.Additionally,high numbers of viable bacteria were obtained from the celom wall and surface of anemone,the community of cultivable bacteria was very diverse.As a result of this isolation,60 strains were obtained,56 of them were selected for identification and characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and limited phenotypic testing.Among these isolates,16 strains were phylogenetically related to members of the genus P seudoalteromonas and neighboring taxa.Other isolates included members of the genera Colwellia,Vibrio,Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas,Endozoicomonas,Roseovarius,Paracoccus,Loktanella,Leisingera,Sulfitobacter,Bacillus,Staphylococcus,Plantibacter,Microbacterium,Micrococcus,Joostella,Psychroserpens,Cellulophaga,Krokinobacter,Polaribacter and P sychrobacter.Seven potential novel species were found.Among 60 strains,17 of them can produce proteolytic exoenzyme,20 can produce lipolytic exoenzyme.Strain NQ8 has strong antagonistic effects on some Vibrio strains.This study demonstrates that the culturable fraction of bacteria from the sea anemones Anthopleura midori is diverse and appears to possess much potential as a source for the discovery of novel bioactive materials. | DU Zongjun ZHANG Wanyi XIA Hongjie LU Guoqiang CHEN Guanjun | 2010 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2010，29，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Brain areas activated by uncertain reward-based decision-making in healthy volunteers显示文摘Reward-based decision-making has been found to activate several brain areas,including the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe,orbitofrontal cortex,anterior cingulate cortex,ventral striatum,and mesolimbic dopaminergic system.In this study,we observed brain areas activated under three degrees of uncertainty in a reward-based decision-making task(certain,risky,and ambiguous).The tasks were presented using a brain function audiovisual stimulation system.We conducted brain scans of15 healthy volunteers using a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner.We used SPM8 to analyze the location and intensity of activation during the reward-based decision-making task,with respect to the three conditions.We found that the orbitofrontal cortex was activated in the certain reward condition,while the prefrontal cortex,precentral gyrus,occipital visual cortex,inferior parietal lobe,cerebellar posterior lobe,middle temporal gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,limbic lobe,and midbrain were activated during the‘risk’condition.The prefrontal cortex,temporal pole,inferior temporal gyrus,occipital visual cortex,and cerebellar posterior lobe were activated during ambiguous decision-making.The ventrolateral prefrontal lobe,frontal pole of the prefrontal lobe,orbitofrontal cortex,precentral gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,fusiform gyrus,supramarginal gyrus,inferior parietal lobule,and cerebellar posterior lobe exhibited greater activation in the‘risk’than in the‘certain’condition(P<0.05).The frontal pole and dorsolateral region of the prefrontal lobe,as well as the cerebellar posterior lobe,showed significantly greater activation in the‘ambiguous’condition compared to the‘risk’condition(P<0.05).The prefrontal lobe,occipital lobe,parietal lobe,temporal lobe,limbic lobe,midbrain,and posterior lobe of the cerebellum were activated during decision-making about uncertain rewards.Thus,we observed different levels and regions of activation for different types of reward processing during decision-making.Specifically,when the degree of reward uncertainty increased,the number of activated brain areas increased,including greater activation of brain areas associated with loss. | Zongjun Guo Juan Chen Shien Liu Yuhuan Li Bo Sun Zhenbo Gao | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，35： | 3 |
| 18 | Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes显示文摘The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been growingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining(ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed.In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well.The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole.Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach. | Zhao Jianshe Wang Feng Liu Zhuang Zhang Xiangli Gan Weimin Tian Zongjun | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2016，29，6： | 3 |
| 19 | Modes of genetic adaptations underlying functional innovations in the rumen显示文摘The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants and hosts a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that facilitates efficient digestion of plant fibers.We analyzed 897 transcriptomes from three Cetartiodactyla lineages:ruminants,camels and cetaceans,as well as data from ruminant comparative genomics and functional assays to explore the genetic basis of rumen functional innovations.We identified genes with relatively high expression in the rumen,of which many appeared to be recruited from other tissues.These genes show functional enrichment in ketone body metabolism,regulation of microbial community,and epithelium absorption,which are the most prominent biological processes involved in rumen innovations.Several modes of genetic change underlying rumen functional innovations were uncovered,including coding mutations,genes newly evolved,and changes of regulatory elements.We validated that the key ketogenesis rate-limiting gene(HMGCS2)with five ruminant-specific mutations was under positive selection and exhibits higher synthesis activity than those of other mammals.Two newly evolved genes(LYZ1 and DEFB1)are resistant to Gram-positive bacteria and thereby may regulate microbial community equilibrium.Furthermore,we confirmed that the changes of regulatory elements accounted for the majority of rumen gene recruitment.These results greatly improve our understanding of rumen evolution and organ evo-devo in general. | Xiangyu Pan Yudong Cai Zongjun Li Xianqing Chen Rasmus Heller Nini Wang Yu Wang Chen Zhao Yong Wang Han Xu Songhai Li Ming Li Cunyuan Li Shengwei Hu Hui Li Kun Wang Lei Chen Bin Wei Zhuqing Zheng Weiwei Fu Yue Yang Tingting Zhang Zhuoting Hou Yueyang Yan Xiaoyang Lv Wei Sun Xinyu Li Shisheng Huang Lixiang Liu Shengyong Mao Wenqing Liu Jinlian Hua Zhipeng Li Guojie Zhang Yulin Chen Xihong Wang Qiang Qiu Brian PDalrymple Wen Wang Yu Jiang | 2021 | Science China(Life Sciences)2021，64，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Changes of Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the Yellow River Delta and Protection Countermeasures to Them显示文摘Coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta are typical new wetland ecosystems in warm temperate zone. In recent years, influenced by natural and human factors, these coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta have undergone changes of landscape fragmentation, vegetation degradation, pollution, species reduction, and harmful exotic species invasion. These changes have influenced sustainable and healthy development of marine economy of the Yellow River Delta. To protect natural ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta, the authors recommended that it should establish and improve policies, laws and regulations of wetland protection; carry out wetland resource investigation and assessment and monitoring; strengthen comprehensive protection and control of wetland; reduce wetland degradation and promote sustainable use of wetland. | Guangzhou CUI Xuliang ZHANG Zhaohui ZHANG Zongjun XU | 2013 | Asian Agricultural Research2013，5，1： | 2 |
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