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| 1 | Molecular evidence for biochemical diversification of phenolamide biosynthesis in rice plants显示文摘Two phenolamides(PAs), p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine strongly accumulate in rice(Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) leaves subjected to attack of chewing and sucking herbivores. Here we identified and characterized in vitro three novel rice genes that mediated coumaroyl-Co A/feruloyl-Co A conjugation to polyamines, putrescine and agmatine. Interestingly, two genes were highly specific for their polyamine substrates, encoding putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and agmatine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, while the third enzyme could use both polyamines and it was therefore annotated as putrescine/agmatine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase. All genes were preferentially expressed in rice roots and developing flowers,and in addition, the putrescine/agmatine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase transcripts were strongly induced by wounding in the young rice leaves. Because the wound response of this gene was only partially suppressed in the jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine deficient plants(Osjar1), it suggests that its upregulation(as well as inducible PAs in rice) may be largely independent of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine signaling pathway. The finding of three closely related genes with a similar and/or overlapping activity in PA biosynthesis provides another striking example of rapid diversification of plant metabolism in response to environmental stresses in nature. | Kimiaki Tanabe Yuko Hojo Tomonori Shinya Ivan galis | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2016，58，11： | 3 |
| 2 | Characteristic pathological findings and effects of ecabet sodium in rat reflux esophagitis显示文摘AIM:To explore the pathological flndings in the entire esophagus in rats with reflux esophagitis, and the effects of ecabet sodium(ES).METHODS:A rat model of chronic acid reflux esophagitis was used.In the treatment group, ES was administered after surgery(n = 16).No drug was administered postoperatively to the esophagitis group(n = 9).Shamoperated rats were used as a control group(n = 5).Rats were sacriflced on day 7 after the operation.The epithelial thickness and leukocyte inflltration were examined in the upper, middle and lower areas of the esophagus.The survival rate, incidence of esophageal ulcer, and mean surface area and number of esophageal ulcers were determined in the esophagitis and ES groups.Esophageal histology was assessed in all three groups.RESULTS:Leukocyte infiltration in the esophagitis group was 26.3 ± 22.0 in the middle esophagus and 8.2 ± 4.9 in the upper esophagus, which was signiflcantly greater than that in the controls(1.3 ± 1.1 and 1.4 ± 1.0, respectively)(P < 0.05).The thickness of the epithelium in the esophagitis group was 210.8 ± 47.7 μm in the lower esophagus and 204.2 ± 60.1 μm in the middle esophagus, which was significantlygreater than that in the controls(26.0 ± 5.5 and 21.0 ± 6.5 μm, respectively)(P < 0.05).The mean number of ulcers per animal in the ES group in the entire esophagus was 5.4 ± 2.5, which was signiflcantly less than that in the esophagitis group(9.0 ± 3.5)(P < 0.05).The epithelial thickness in the ES group was 97.5 ± 32.2 μm in the lower esophagus, which was decreased compared with that in the esophagitis group(210.8 ± 47.7 μm)(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Mucosal inflammation extended to the upper esophagus close to the hypopharynx.Our study suggested that ES may have a useful defensive role in reflux esophagitis. | Daisuke Asaoka Akihito Nagahara Masako Oguro Yuko Izumi Akihiko Kurosawa Taro Osada Masato Kawabe Mariko Hojo Michiro Otaka Sumio Watanabe | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，28： | 2 |
| 3 | Treatment of functional dyspepsia with antianxiety or antidepressive agents: systematic review显示文摘 | Mariko Hojo Hiroto Miwa Tetsuji Yokoyama Toshifumi Ohkusa Akihito Nagahara Masato Kawabe Daisuke Asaoka Yuko Izumi Nobuhiro Sato | 2005 | Journal of Gastroenterology2005，，11： | 1 |
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