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| 1 | On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2显示文摘The SARS-Co V-2 epidemic started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since impacted a large portion of China and raised major global concern. Herein, we investigated the extent of molecular divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses. Although we found only 4% variability in genomic nucleotides between SARS-CoV-2 and a bat SARS-related coronavirus(SARSr-CoV;Ra TG13), the difference at neutral sites was 17%, suggesting the divergence between the two viruses is much larger than previously estimated. Our results suggest that the development of new variations in functional sites in the receptor-binding domain(RBD) of the spike seen in SARS-Co V-2 and viruses from pangolin SARSr-Co Vs are likely caused by natural selection besides recombination. Population genetic analyses of 103 SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicated that these viruses had two major lineages(designated L and S), that are well defined by two different SNPs that show nearly complete linkage across the viral strains sequenced to date. We found that L lineage was more prevalent than the S lineage within the limited patient samples we examined. The implication of these evolutionary changes on disease etiology remains unclear.These findings strongly underscores the urgent need for further comprehensive studies that combine viral genomic data, with epidemiological studies of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). | Xiaolu Tang Changcheng Wu Xiang Li Yuhe Song Xinmin Yao Xinkai Wu Yuange Duan Hong Zhang Yirong Wang Zhaohui Qian Jie Cui Jian Lu | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，6： | 67 |
| 2 | Human monoclonal antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor显示文摘According to the World Health Organization(WHO)newly updated situation report on March 18th,2020,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has confirmed 191,127 cases and claimed 7807 deaths worldwide.1 The etiological agent of COVID-19 has been identified as a novel coronavirus,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),belonging to Sarbecovirus subgenus(genus Betacoronavirus,family Coronaviridae)and showing 79.6 and 96.2%sequence identity in nucleotide to SARS-CoV and a bat coronavirus(BatCoV RaTG13),respectively.2–4 Like SARS-CoV infection,a substantial fraction of COVID-19 patients exhibits severe respiratory symptoms and has to be hospitalized in intensive care unit.5–8 Although the mortality rate of COVID-19 is significantly lower than that of SARS-CoV infection,SARS-CoV-2 shows much higher human-to-human transmission rate,rapidly leading to a global pandemic declared by WHO on March 11th,2020. | Xiangyu Chen Ren Li Zhiwei Pan Chunfang Qian Yang Yang Renrong You Jing Zhao Pinghuang Liu Leiqiong Gao Zhirong Li Qizhao Huang Lifan Xu Jianfang Tang Qin Tian Wei Yao Li Hu Xiaofeng Yan Xinyuan Zhou Yuzhang Wu Kai Deng Zheng Zhang Zhaohui Qian Yaokai Chen Lilin Ye | 2020 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2020，17，6： | 17 |
| 3 | Improving Plant Genome Editing with High-Fidelity xCas9 and Non-canonical PAM-Targeting Cas9-NG显示文摘Two recently engineered SpCas9 variants, namely xCas9 and Cas9-NG, show promising potential in improving targeting specificity and broadening the targeting range. In this study, we evaluated these Cas9 variants in the model and crop plant, rice. We first tested xCas9-3.7, the most effective xCas9 variant in mammalian cells, for targeted mutagenesis at 16 possible NGN PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) combinations in duplicates. xCas9 exhibited nearly equivalent editing efficiency to wild-type Cas9 (Cas9-WT) at most canonical NGG PAM sites tested, whereas it showed limited activity at non-canonical NGH (H = A, C, T) PAM sites. High editing efficiency of xCas9 at NGG PAMs was further demonstrated with C to T base editing by both rAPOBECI and PmCDAI cytidine deaminases. With mismatched sgRNAs, we found that xCas9 had improved targeting specificity over the Cas9-WT. Furthermore, we tested two Cas9-NG variants, Cas9-NGv1 and Cas9-NG, for targeting NGN PAMs. Both Cas9-NG variants showed higher editing efficiency at most non-canonical NG PAM sites tested, and enabled much more efficient editing than xCas9 at AT-rich PAM sites such as GAT, GAA, and CAA. Nevertheless, we found that Cas9-NG variants showed significant reduced activity at the canonical NGG PAM sites. In stable transgenic rice lines, we demonstrated that Cas9-NG had much higher editing efficiency than Cas9-NGv1 and xCas9 at NG PAM sites. To expand the base-editing scope, we developed an efficient C to T base-editing system by making fusion of Cas9-NG nickase (D10A version), PmCDAI, and UGI. Taken together, our work benchmarked xCas9 as a high-fidelity nuclease for targeting canonical NGG PAMs and Cas9-NG as a preferred variant for targeting relaxed PAMs for plant genome editing. | Zhaohui Zhong Simon Sretenovic Qiurong Ren Lijia Yang Yu Bao Caiyan Qi Mingzhu Yuan Yao He Shishi Liu Xiaopei Liu Jiaheng Wang Lan Huang Yan Wang Dibin Baby David Wang Tao Zhang Yiping Qi Yong Zhang | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，7： | 13 |
| 4 | Drag reduction in ultrahydrophobic channels with micro-nano structured surfaces显示文摘A series of experiments have been performed to demonstrate the significant drag reduction of the laminar flow in the ultrahydrophobic channels with dual-scale micro-nano structured surfaces.However,in previous experiments,the ultrahydrophobic surfaces were fabricated with micro-structures or nano-structures and the channels were on the microscale.For the drag reduction in macro-scale channels few reports are available.Here a new method was developed to fabricate ultrahydrophobic surfaces with micro-nano hierarchical structures made from carbon nanotubes.The drag reductions up to 36.3% were observed in the macro-channels with ultrahydrophobic surfaces.The micro-PIV was used to measure the flow velocity in channels.Compared with the traditional no-slip theory at walls,a significant slip velocity was observed on the ultrahydrophobic surfaces. | LU Si,YAO ZhaoHui *,HAO PengFei & FU ChengSong School of Aerospace,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，7： | 11 |
| 5 | Study of dynamic hydrophobicity of micro-structured hydrophobic surfaces and lotus leaves显示文摘The dynamic wetting characteristics of water droplets on silicon wafers with microscale regular pillars structures and fresh lotus leaves are investigated experimentally.We measured the static contact angle,contact angle hysteresis,and roll-off angle of water droplets on both of these superhydrophobic surfaces with a high speed contact angle meter.The dynamic contact angles and internal velocity distribution of water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces were studied with a high-speed camera system and a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system,respectively.We found that the acceleration of water droplets when they slide off lotus leaves is greater than that of water droplets sliding off the silicon wafers with microscale pillar structures although the static contact angles of water droplets on lotus leaves are slightly smaller than those on the silicon wafers.The reason is that water droplets sliding off lotus leaves have smaller contact angle hysteresis and larger slip velocities.These results indicate that the dynamic contact angle hysteresis and sliding acceleration of liquid droplets are more suitable for reflecting the hydrophobicity of material surfaces compared with static contact angles.Our experiments also show that lotus leaves with multiscale micro/nanostructures have stronger hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties compared with the micro-structured superhydrophobic surfaces. | HAO PengFei YAO ZhaoHui ZHANG XiWen | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，4： | 10 |
| 6 | Experimental and computational studies on the flow fields in aortic aneurysms associated with deployment of AAA stent-grafts显示文摘在僵硬腹的大动脉的动脉瘤(AAA ) 的脉动的流动地模型数字地被调查,并且模拟结果在对粒子图象 velocimetry (PIV ) 的好同意被发现大小。有至少一在 AAA 膨胀的旋涡,和一面相当高的墙砍应力在远侧的结束存在,并且这样 AAA 处于破裂的危险中。医疗由在 AAA 插入脉管的 stent 接枝组成,它将减少血影响到内部墙和还原剂墙砍强调以便破裂能被阻止。基于多孔的中等模型,一个新计算模型被开发,结果被记录。stent 接枝的治疗学的效果与新模型一起数字地被验证。 | Xiwen Zhang Zhaohui Yao Yan Zhang Shangdong Xu | 2007 | Acta Mechanica Sinica2007，23，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Experimental investigation on drag reduction in turbulent boundary layer over superhydrophobic surface by TRPIV显示文摘This study aims at the mechanism of drag reduction in turbulent boundary layer(TBL) with superhydrophobic surface.Comparing the time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) measurement results with that of hydrophilic surface,the drag reduction rate over a superhydrophobic surface is approximately10%.To investigate the characteristics of coherent structure in a drag-reduced TBL with superhydrophobic surface,a modified multi-scale spatial locally-averaged structure function is proposed for detecting coherent structure.The conditional sampling and spatial phase-lock average methods are employed to obtain the topology of physical quantities like the velocity fluctuation,spanwise vorticity,and Reynolds stress during eject and sweep process.The results indicate that the suppression of coherent structure burst in the near-wall region is the key mechanism in reducing the skin friction drag for TBL over superhydrophobic surface. | Haiping Tian Jingxian Zhang Erdan Wang Zhaohui Yao Nan Jiang | 2015 | Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters2015，5，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Multielement Analysis of Deep-Sea Sediments by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry显示文摘Marine sediments were dissolved by HNO3-HF-HClO4 in a sealed container at low pressure; HF was evaporated in an open container and salts were dissolved in HCl by heating, then transferred to 2% HNO3 solution. A total of 45 elements, including Li, Be, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Condi- tions and sample experiments showed that this procedure defines a good experimental method which has the advantages of clear interference, easy operation and reliable results. The concentrations of the 45 elements could be used for resource exploration, envi- ronmental assessment and academic research. | XIA Ning WU Zhaohui GUO Dongfa YAO De | 2008 | Journal of Ocean University of China2008，7，2： | 4 |
| 9 | The measurement error analysis when a pitot probe is used in supersonic air flow显示文摘Pitot probes enable a simple and convenient way of measuring mean velocity in air flow.The contrastive numerical simulation between free supersonic airflow and pitot tube at different positions in supersonic air flow was performed using Navier-Stokes equations,the ENN scheme with time-dependent boundary conditions (TDBC) and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model.The physical experimental results including pitot pressure and shadowgraph are also presented.Numerical results coincide with the experimental data.The flow characteristics of the pitot probe on the supersonic flow structure show that the measurement gives actually the total pressure behind the detached shock wave by using the pitot probe to measure the total pressure.The measurement result of the distribution of the total pressure can still represent the real free jet flow.The similar features of the intersection and reflection of shock waves can be identified.The difference between the measurement results and the actual ones is smaller than 10%.When the pitot probe is used to measure the region of L=0-4D,the measurement is smaller than the real one due to the increase of the shock wave strength.The difference becomes larger where the waves intersect.If the pitot probe is put at L=8D-10D,where the flow changes from supersonic to subsonic,the addition of the pitot probe turns the original supersonic flow region subsonic and causes bigger measurement errors. | ZHANG XiWen HAO PengFei YAO ZhaoHui | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Regulatory mechanisms of microbial homeostasis in insect gut显示文摘Insects live in incredibly complex environments.The intestinal epithelium of insects is in constant contact with microorganisms,some of which are beneficial and some harmful to the host.Insect gut health and function are maintained through multidimensional mechanisms that can proficiently remove foreign pathogenic microorganisms while effectively maintaining local symbiotic microbial homeostasis.The basic immune mechanisms of the insect gut,such as the dual oxidase-reactive oxygen species(Duox-ROS)system and the immune deficiency(Imd)-signaling pathway,are involved in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis.This paper reviews the role of physical defenses,the Duox-ROS and Imd signaling pathways,the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway,and intestinal symbiotic flora in the homeostatic maintenance of the insect gut microbiome. | Shuai Bai Zhichao Yao Muhammad Fahim Raza Zhaohui Cai Hongyu Zhang | 2021 | Insect Science2021，28，2： | 3 |
| 11 | High-performance polarization management devices based on thin-film lithium niobate显示文摘High-speed polarization management is highly desirable for many applications,such as remote sensing,telecommunication,and medical diagnosis.However,most of the approaches for polarization management rely on bulky optical components that are slow to respond,cumbersome to use,and sometimes with high drive voltages.Here,we overcome these limitations by harnessing photonic integrated circuits based on thin-film lithium niobate platform.We successfully realize a portfolio of thin-film lithium niobate devices for essential polarization management functionalities,including arbitrary polarization generation,fast polarization measurement,polarization scrambling,and automatic polarization control.The present devices feature ultra-fast control speeds,low drive voltages,low optical losses and compact footprints.Using these devices,we achieve high fidelity polarization generation with a polarization extinction ratio up to 41.9 dB and fast polarization scrambling with a scrambling rate up to 65 Mrad s−1,both of which are best results in integrated optics.We also demonstrate the endless polarization state tracking operation in our devices.The demonstrated devices unlock a drastically new level of performance and scales in polarization management devices,leading to a paradigm shift in polarization management. | Zhongjin Lin Yanmei Lin Hao Li Mengyue Xu Mingbo He Wei Ke Heyun Tan Ya Han Zhaohui Li Dawei Wang X.Steve Yao Songnian Fu Siyuan Yu Xinlun Cai | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，5： | 3 |
| 12 | Epidemiology of severe sepsis in critically ill surgical patients in ten university hospitals in China显示文摘 | Baoli Cheng Guohao Xie ShangLong Yao Xinmin Wu Qulian Guo Miaoning Gu Qiang Fang Qiuping Xu Dongxin Wang Yuhong Jin ShiYing Yuan Junlu Wang Zhaohui Du Yunbo Sun XiangMing Fang | 2007 | Critical Care Medicine2007，，11： | 2 |
| 13 | Static and dynamic characterization of droplets on hydrophobic surfaces显示文摘We report on our study of the static and dynamic wetting property of hydrophobic surfaces with micro-and dual micro/nano-scale structures.Simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method showed that the apparent contact angle of water droplets on hy-drophobic surfaces with micro-scale structures increases as solid area decreases,whereas dual micro/nano-scale structures not only increase surface hydrophobicity but also greatly stabilize the Cassie state of droplets.Droplets falling on a superhydrophobic surface distort and,depending of free energy,sometimes bounced on the surface before finally adhering to the surface.These phenomena are in agreement with experimental observations.Simulated results also show that micro/nano-scale surface structures can increase droplet rebound height,which depends on static apparent contact angle. | YAO ZhaoHui HAO PengFei ZHANG XiWen HE Feng | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，10： | 2 |
| 14 | Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Determination of Ga(III) Ion Based on β-Cyclodextrin Incorporated Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Imprinted Sol-gel Composite Film显示文摘为踪迹镓离子的察觉的一个新奇传感器[Ga (III )] 被一个金电极的逐步的修正与 -cyclodextrin 创造(-CD)/multi-walled 碳 nanotubes (MWCNT ) 和一个离子印了聚合物(IIP ) 。传感器表面形态学被扫描电子显微镜学描绘。印的传感器的电气化学的表演被周期的 voltammetry,微分脉搏 voltammetry 和 chronoamperometry 调查。传感器向目标 Ga (III ) 离子显示了优秀选择。同时,介绍 MWCNT 显示了显著催化活动,并且 CD 表明了重要丰富能力。一条线性刻度曲线被获得从 5.0 | Hu,Yufang Zhang,Zhaohui Zhang,Huabin Luo,Lijuan Zhang,Minglei Yang,Xiao Yao,Shouzhuo | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2012，30，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Slippery Properties and the Robustness of Lubricant-impregnated Surfaces显示文摘Inspired by nepenthes pitcher plants,Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces(LISs)are surfaces with lubricant infused in the textures which form slippery interfaces.In this paper,we investigated slippery properties and the robustness of LISs with different micro-texture topologies(i.e.,no textures,micro-pillar textures and micro hole textures),including original LISs and LISs rinsed by water.We measured the static contact angle,sliding angle and droplet motions on the LISs,using a contact angle instrument and a Particle Image Velocimetry(P1V)system.Similar contact angles and small sliding angles were observed on all original LISs,which indicated that an oil-layer existed on each LIS's interface.After rinsed by water,the sliding angle increased obviously and the slip velocity decreased,which meant that the LISs slippery properties deteriorated in different degrees.Among all the LISs in our experiments,LIS with micro pillar textures has the best slippery performance and robustness before and after rinsed.We found that the LISs'slippery properties were closely related to the states of the oil-layer on the interface,which were changed after rinsed.For the LIS with micro pillar textures,a thin layer of lubricant can sustain on the interface even after rinse,which made the droplet slide smoothly on the surface,with a lower sliding angle and a larger sliding velocity.This indicates that the proper micro-texture will enhance the slippery property and make it last longer. | Jingxian Zhang Zhaohui Yao | 2019 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2019，16，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Design and cutting of three-lobe helical rotor in Roots blower显示文摘 | Ye Zhonghe Yao Ligang Lan Zhaohui | 2004 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2004，17，： | 1 |
| 17 | Numerical Simulation of Dispersion Generated by a 180 Turn in a Microehannel 显示文摘 | Yao Zhaohui Yoder G L Culbertson C T | 2002 | Chinese Physies B2002，11，3： | 1 |
| 18 | 3-D numerical simulation on the vibration of liquid sodium S free surface in sodium pool of FBR显示文摘 | Han Biao Yao Zhaohui Ye Hongkai | 1997 | Nuclear Power Engineering1997，18，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Extreme Cold Events in North America and Eurasia in November-December 2022: A Potential Vorticity Gradient Perspective显示文摘From 17 November to 27 December 2022, extremely cold snowstorms frequently swept across North America and Eurasia. Diagnostic analysis reveals that these extreme cold events were closely related to the establishment of blocking circulations. Alaska Blocking(AB) and subsequent Ural Blocking(UB) episodes are linked to the phase transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and represent the main atmospheric regimes in the Northern Hemisphere. The downstream dispersion and propagation of Rossby wave packets from Alaska to East Asia provide a large-scale connection between AB and UB episodes. Based on the nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI) model, we found that the meridional potential vorticity gradient(PVy) in November and December of 2022 was anomalously weak in the mid-high latitudes from North America to Eurasia and provided a favorable background for the prolonged maintenance of UB and AB events and the generation of associated severe extreme snowstorms. However, the difference in the UB in terms of its persistence,location, and strength between November and December is related to the positive(negative) NAO in November(December). During the La Ni?a winter of 2022, the UB and AB events are related to the downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies, in addition to contributions by La Ni?a and low Arctic sea ice concentrations as they pertain to reducing PVyin mid-latitudes. | Yao YAO Wenqin ZHUO Zhaohui GONG Binhe LUO Dehai LUO Fei ZHENG Linhao ZHONG Fei HUANG Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU Tianjun ZHOU | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Stereoselective Histidine Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol -gel Films显示文摘 | Zhang Zhaohui Liao Haiping Yao Shouzhuo | 2005 | Analytical Biochemistry2005，336，1： | 1 |
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