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| 1 | Spatial variation in egg polymorphism among cuckoo hosts across 4 continents显示文摘Although egg color polymorphism has evolved as an effective defensive adaptation to brood parasitism,spatial variations in egg color polymorphism remain poorly characterized.Here,we investigated egg polymorphism in 647 host species(68 families and 231 gen era)parasitized by 41 species of Old Word cuckoos(1 family and 11 gen era)across Asia,Europe,Africa,and Australia.The diversity of parasitic cuckoos differs among continents,reflecting the continent-specific intensities of parasitic selection pressure on hosts.Therefore,host egg polymorphism is expected to evolve more frequently on continents with higher cuckoo diversity.We identified egg polymorphism in 24.1%of all host species and 47.6%of all host families.The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus utilized 184 hosts(28.4%of all host species).Hosts of the common cuckoo and of Chrysococcyx species were more likely to have polymorphic eggs than hosts parasitized by other cuckoos.Both the number of host species and the host families targeted by the cuckoo species were positively correlated with the frequency of host egg polymorphism.Most host species and most hosts exhibiting egg color polymorphism were located in Asia and Africa.Host egg polymorphism was observed less frequently in Australia and Europe.Our results also suggested that egg polymorphism tends to occur more frequently in hosts that are utilized by several cuckoo species or by generalist cuckoo species.We suggest that selecti on pressure on hosts from a given contin ent in creases proportionally to the number of cuckoo species,and that this selection pressure may,in turn,favor the evolution of host egg polymorphism. | Canchao Yang Xingfeng Si Wei Liang Anders Pape Moller | 2020 | Current Zoology2020，66，5： | 2 |
| 2 | The structure of mixed-species bird flocks,and their response to anthropogenic disturbance,with special reference to East Asia显示文摘Mixed-species flocks of birds are distributed world-wide and can be especially dominant in temperate forests during the non-breeding season and in tropical rainforests year-round.We review from a community ecology perspective what is known about the structure and organization of flocks,emphasizing that flocking species tend to be those particularly vulnerable to predation,and flocks tend to be led by species that are able to act as sources of information about predators for other species.Studies on how flocks respond to fragmentation and land-use intensification continue to accumulate,but the question of whether the flock phenomenon makes species more vulnerable to anthropogenic change remains unclear.We review the literature on flocks in East Asia and demonstrate there is a good foundation of knowledge on which to build.We then outline potentially fruitful future directions,focusing on studies that can investigate how dependent species are on each other in flocks,and how such interdependencies might affect avian habitat selection in the different types of human-modified environments of this region. | Eben Goodale Ping Ding Xiaohu Liu Ari Martínez Xingfeng Si Mitch Walters Scott K.Robinson | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal bird assemblages on land-bridge islands: linking dynamic and static views of metacommunities显示文摘Background: Although assessing temporal dynamics of populations is crucial for understanding metacommunities, empirical studies have primarily analyzed only static snapshots of communities. Here, we present a holistic view of how species traits and habitat characteristics relate to metacommunity dynamics and use it to test for differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal bird assemblages. Methods: We surveyed forest birds in breeding and winter seasons within 36 islands for 9 years. We then grouped birds into four landbird assemblages, selected on the basis of published differences in biology or ecology: winter residents, migratory winter visitors, breeding summer residents, and migratory summer visitors. We estimated dynamic species colonization and extirpation through the 9-year period, and evaluated the associations among island attributes, species attributes and community composition. Results: Overall, winter and summer residents showed strong associations between composition and habitat structure of the islands. In addition, winter and summer residents on large islands had lower extirpation and turnover than winter and summer visitors. Visitor assemblages showed no significant habitat associations, and in winter had high extirpation rates and small body sizes. By contrast, local extirpation of summer visitors was correlated with local species richness, indicating a likely effect of competition on extirpation. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated repeated patterns among species composition, bird traits, habitat/island characteristics and observed metacommunity dynamics. Winter and summer residents best matched species sorting and patch dynamics, respectively, due to differences in resource availability and requirements of overwinter survival versus breeding. Summer visitors were consistent with species sorting and winter visitors were randomly distributed, likely because of interactions with resident competitors. Our results highlight that coexisting seasonal migrant and resident assemblages differ in their spatial dynamics, with consequences for relevant conservation and management strategies. | Chuanwu Chen Marcel Holyoak Yanping Wang Xingfeng Si Ping Ding | 2019 | Avian Research2019，10，3： | 0 |
| 4 | Personality of hosts and their brood parasites显示文摘Brood parasites such as the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus exploit the parental abilities of their hosts,hosts avoid brood parasitism and predation by showing specific behavior such as loss of feathers,emission of fear screams and contact calls,displaying wriggle behavior to avoid hosts or potential prey,pecking at hosts and prey,and expressing tonic immobility(showing behavior like feigning death or rapid escape from predators and brood parasites).These aspects of escape behavior are consistent for individuals but also among sites,seasons,and years.Escape behavior expressed in response to a broad range of cuckoo hosts and prey are consistently used against capture by humans,but also hosts and brood parasites and predators and their prey.An interspecific comparative phylogenetic analysis of escape behavior by hosts and their brood parasites and prey and their predators revealed evidence of consistent behavior when encountering potential parasites or predators.We hypothesize that personality axes such as those ranging from fearfulness to being bold,and from neophobic to curiosity response in brood parasites constitute important components of defense against brood parasitism that reduces the overall risk of parasitism. | Anders Pape MøLLER Xingfeng SI | 2021 | Current Zoology2021，67，6： | 0 |
| 5 | Conceptual and theoretical dimensions of biodiversity research in China: examples from plants显示文摘The search for the underlying mechanisms of species origin,maintenance and extinction is among the highest priorities in biodiversity science.In parallel with the rapid accumulation of empirical evidence for existing theories in this field in China[1],numerous conceptual and theoretical achievements of basic biodiver sity science have been made,accompanied by methodological breakthroughs. | Chengjin Chu Lei Chen Pengfei Fan Ziwen He Yuanzhi Li Jinbao Liao Xubing Liu Kechang Niu Xingfeng Si Shaopeng Wang Xinqiang Xi | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，7： | 0 |
| 6 | Spatial scaling of soil microbial co-occurrence networks in a fragmented landscape显示文摘Impact statement Habitat loss has been a primary threat to biodiversity.However,species do not function in isolation but often associate with each other and form complex networks.Thus,revealing how the network complexity and stability scale with habitat area will give us more insights into the effects of habitat loss on ecosystems.In this study,we explored the relationships between the island area and the network complexity and stability of soil microbes.We found that the complexity and stability of soil microbial co‐occurrence networks scale positively with island area,indicating that habitat loss will potentially simplify and destabilize soil microbial networks. | Pandeng Wang Shao-Peng Li Xian Yang Xingfeng Si Wen-Jun Li Wensheng Shu Lin Jiang | 2023 | mLife2023，2，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Functional and phylogenetic structures of pheasants in China显示文摘Biodiversity has been subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressures.It is critical to understand the different processes that govern community assembly and species coexistence under biogeographic processes and anthropogenic events.Pheasants(Aves:Phasianidae)are highly threatened birds and China supports the richest pheasant species worldwide.Unravelling the spatial patterns and underlying factors associated with multidimensional biodiversity of species richness(SR),functional diversity(FD),and phylogenetic diversity(PD)of pheasants in China is helpful to understand not only the processes that govern pheasant community assembly and species coexistence,but also pheasant biodiversity conservation.We used a total of 45 pheasant species in China and analyzed the SR,FD,PD,and functional and phylogenetic structures by integrating species distribution maps,functional traits and phylogenies based on 50 km×50 km grid cells.We further used simultaneous autoregressive(SAR)models to explore the factors that determined these patterns.The southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),Hengduan Mountains,southwestern Mountains,the east of the Qilian Mountains,the Qinling,southern China displayed higher SR,FD,and PD,which were determined by elevation,habitat heterogeneity,temperature seasonality,and vegetation cover.Elevation primarily determined the functional and phylogenetic structures of the pheasant communities.Assemblages in the highlands were marked by functional and phylogenetic clustering,particularly in the QTP,whereas the lowlands in eastern China comprised community overdispersion.Clustered pheasant assemblages were composed of young lineages.Patterns of functional and phylogenetic structures and richness-controlled functional and phylogenetic diversity differed between regions,suggesting that phylogenetic structures are not a good proxy for identifying functional structures.We revealed the significant role of elevation in pheasant community assemblages in China.Highlands interacted with community clustering,whereas lowlands interacted with overdispersion,supporting the environmental filtering hypothesis.Biogeographical drivers other than anthropogenic factor determined biodiversity of pheasants at the present scale of China.This study provides complementary background resources for multi-dimensional pheasant biodiversity and provides insights into avian biodiversity patterns in China. | Hongyan Yao Pengcheng Wang Nan Wang Philip J.K.McGowan Xingfeng Si Jianqiang Li Jiliang Xu | 2022 | Avian Research2022，13，3： | 0 |
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