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| 1 | Osteoclast fusion and regulation by RANKL-dependent and independent factors显示文摘Osteoclasts are the bone resorbing cells essential for bone remodeling.Osteoclasts are formed from hematopoietic progenitors in the monocyte/macrophage lineage.Osteoclastogenesis is composed of several steps including progenitor survival,differentiation to mononuclear pre-osteoclasts,fusion to multi-nuclear mature osteoclasts,and activation to bone resorbing osteoclasts.The regulation of osteoclastogenesis has been extensively studied,in which the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)-mediated signaling pathway and downstream transcription factors play essential roles.However,less is known about osteoclast fusion,which is a property of mature osteoclasts and is required for osteoclasts to resorb bone.Several proteins that affect cell fusion have been identified.Among them,dritic cell-specific transmembrane protein(DC-STAMP)is directly associated to osteoclast fusion in vivo.Cytokines and factors influence osteoclast fusion through regula-tion of DC-STAMP.Here we review the recently discovered new factors that regulate osteoclast fusion with specific focus on DC-STAMP.A better understanding of the mechanistic basis of osteoclast fusion will lead to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for bone disorders due to elevated osteoclast bone resorption.Cell-cell fusion is essential for a variety of cellular biological processes.In mammals,there is a limited number of cell types that fuse to form multinucleated cells,such as the fusion of myoblasts for the formation of skeletal muscle and the fusion of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage for the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and giant cells.In most cases,cellcell fusion is beneficial for cells by enhancing function.Myoblast fusion increases myofiber size and diameter and thereby increases contractile strength.Multinucleated osteoclasts have far more bone resorbing activity than their mono-nuclear counterparts.Multinucleated giant cells are much more efficient in the removal of implanted materials and bacteria due to chronic infection than macrophages.Therefore,they are also called foreign-body giant cells.Cell fusion is a complicated process involving cell migration,chemotaxis,cell-cell recognition and attachment,as well as changes into a fusion-competent status.All of these steps are regulated by multiple factors.In this review,we will discuss osteoclast fusion and regulation. | Lianping Xing Yan Xiu Brendan F Boyce | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，12： | 14 |
| 2 | Polymorphisms of MTHFD,plasma homocysteine levels, and risk of gastric cancer in ahigh-risk Chinese population显示文摘Purpose:Accumulative evidence suggests that folate has a protective effect on gastric cancer. The methylenetetrahyd-rofolate dlehydrogenase(MTHFD) plays an important role in folate and homocysteine metabolisms, and polymorphisms of MTHFD may result in disturbance of the folate-mediated homocysteine pathway. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that genetic variants of MTHFD and plasma homocysteine levels are associated with risk of gastric cancer and modulated by genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR). Experimental Design: We genotyped G1958A and T401C in MTHFD and C677T in MTHFR and detected total plasma homocysteine(tHcy) levels in a case-control study of 589 gastric cancer cases and 635 cancer-free controls in a high-risk Chinese population. Results:The variant genotypes of MTHFD 1958AA and 401CC were associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric canceradjusted odds ratio(OR), 2.05; 95% confidence interval(95% CI),1.34-3.13 for 1958AA; adjusted OR,1.43; 95% CI,1.14-1.80 for 401CC compared with 1958GG/GA and 401TT/TC genotypes, respectively. Both of the effects were more evident in the subjects carrying MTHFR 677CT/TT genotypes. The average tHcy level was significantly higher in gastric cancer cases than in controls(P < 0.01), and the upper quartile of tHcy (> 13.6 mu mol/L) was associated with an 82% significantly increased risk of gastric cancer, compared with the lowest quartile of tHcy(<= 8.0 pmol/L;adjusted OR,1.82; 95% CI,1.20-2.75). Conclusions:The strong associations between MTHFD variants and the plasma tHcy levels and gastric cancer risk suggest, for the first time, a possible gene-environment interaction between genetic variants of folate-metabolizing genes and high tHcy levels in gastric carcinogenesis. | Wang, L. N Ke, Q Chen, W. S Wang, J. M Tan, Y. F Zhou, Y Hua, Z. L Ding, W. L Niu, J. Y Shen, J Zhang, Z. F Wang, X. R Xu, Y. H Shen, H. B Yi Xing | 2007 | 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)2007，27，7： | 10 |
| 3 | Interleaved PWM with discontinuous space-vector modulation显示文摘 | Xing K Lee F C Boroyevich D | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics1999，14，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Temperature dependence of energy gaps in dimerized Heisenberg chain显示文摘 | Jiang X F Xing D Y Chen H | 2002 | Chinese Phys Lett2002，19，4： | 1 |
| 5 | An MMIC pulse generator using dual nonlinear transmission lines 显示文摘 | KINTIS M XING L FLAVIA F | 2007 | IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters2007，17，6： | 1 |
| 6 | New approaches to prepare nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and study on their photocatalytic activities in visible light 显示文摘 | Xing M Y Zhang J L Chen F | 2009 | Applied Catalysis B : Environmental2009，89，34： | 1 |
| 7 | Development of novel self-humidifying composite membranes for fuel cells显示文摘 | Liu F Q Yi Xing D M | 2003 | Power Source2003，124，： | 1 |
| 8 | Narrow-band interfe-rence suppression for SAR based on complex empirical mode decomposition显示文摘 | ZHOU F XING M BAI X | 2009 | IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters2009，6，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Microbial community structure of ethanol type fermentation in bio-hydmgen production 显示文摘 | REN N Q XING D F ZHAO L H | 2007 | Environmental Microbiology2007，9，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Two New Linear Furano- coumarin Glycosides from Angelica dahurica 显示文摘 | Xiao D J Xu F Xing Z Z | 2008 | Chemis- try of Natural Compounds2008，44，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Surveys of transmitted HIV drug resistance in 7 geographic regions in China, 2008-2009 显示文摘 | Liao L Xing H Dong Y Qin G Ma Y Lu H Chen L Zhang L Osborne C Seguy N Wei D Sun F Yang J Ru- an Y Shao Y | 2012 | Clin Infect Dis2012，54，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases显示文摘 | Shunwu F Xing Z Fengdong Z | 2010 | Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2010，35，17： | 1 |
| 13 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Li Y F Xing Z Z Luo S | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Shi D H Xing W Sun J F Zhu Z L Liu Y F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | 2013, Antigenic and genetic characterization of a European avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus from a boy in China in 2011显示文摘 | Qi x Cui L Jiao Y Pan Y Li X Zu R Huo X Wu B Tang F Song Y Zhou M Wang H Cardona C J Xing Z | 2013 | Archives of Virology2013，158，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Atom-bond connectivity index of graphs显示文摘 | Xing R Zhou B Dong F | 2011 | Discrete Appl Math2011，159，： | 1 |
| 17 | A strip-map SARcoherent jammer structure utilizing periodic modulationtechnology 显示文摘 | Liu Q F Xing S X Wang X S | 2011 | Progress in Electromagnetics Research B PIER-B2011，28，： | 1 |
| 18 | Mapping quantitative trait loci for milling quality,protein content and color characteristics of rice using a recombinant inbred line population derived from an elite rice hybrid显示文摘 | Tan Y F Sun M Xing Y Z | 2001 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics2001，103，： | 1 |
| 19 | Simultaneous cellu- lose degradation and electricity production by Enterobacter cloacae in a microbial fuel cell显示文摘 | Rezaei F Xing D Wagner R | 2009 | Appl Environ Microbiol2009，75，： | 1 |
| 20 | The stability of Pt/C catalyst in H3PO4/PBI PEMFC during high temperature life test 显示文摘 | ZHAI Y F ZHANG H M XING D M | 2007 | J Power Sources2007，164，： | 1 |
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