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| 1 | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography associated pancreatitis:A 15-year review显示文摘The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis.We searched for and evaluated all articles describing the diagnosis,epidemiology,pathophysiology,morbidity,mortality and prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) in adult patients using the PubMed database.Search terms included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,pancreatitis,ampulla of vater,endoscopic sphincterotomy,balloon dilatation,cholangiography,adverse events,standards and utilization.We limited our review of articles to those published between January 1,1994 and August 15,2009 regarding human adults and written in the English language.Publicat ions from the reference sections were reviewed and included if they were salient and fell into the time period of interest.Between the dates queried,seventeen large(> 500 patients) prospective and four large retrospective trials were conducted.PEP occurred in 1-15 in the prospective trials and in 1-4 in the retrospective trials.PEP was also reduced with pancreatic duct stent placement and outcomes were improved with endoscopic sphincterotomy compared to balloon sphincter dilation in the setting of choledocholithiasis.Approximately 34 pharmacologic agents have been evaluated for the prevention of PEP over the last f ifteen years in 63 trials.Although 22 of 63 trials published during our period of review suggested a reduction in PEP,no pharmacologic therapy has been widely accepted in clinical use in decreasing the development of PEP.In conclusion,PEP is a well-recognized complication of ERCP.Medical treatment for prevention has been disappointing.Proper patient selection and pancreatic duct stenting have been shown to reduce the complication rate in randomized clinical trials. | Kevin E Woods Field F Willingham | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，5： | 20 |
| 2 | Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance of remission in steroid-dependent autoimmune pancreatitis显示文摘Systemic corticosteroids represent the standard treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis with IgG4-associated cholangitis.For steroid-dependent disease,azathioprine has been used for maintenance of remission.Mycophenolate mofetil has been used for transplant immunosuppression and more recently for autoimmune hepatitis;however,there are no case reports to date on the use of mycophenolate mofetil in adult patients with autoimmune pancreatitis.A patient with IgG4-mediated autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis refractory to steroids and intolerant of azathioprine was treated with mycophenolate mofetil,which inhibits de novo guanosine synthesis and blockade of both B and T lymphocyte production.Introduction of mycophenolate mofetil and uptitration to 1000 mg by mouth twice daily over a treatment period of 4 mo was associated with improvement in the patient's energy level and blood glucose control and was not associated with any adverse events.The patient was managed without a biliary stent.However,there was a return of symptoms,jaundice,increase in transaminases,and hyperbilirubinemia when the prednisone dose reached 11 mg per day.In the first report of mycophenolate mofetil use in an adult patient with IgG4-associated autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis,the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil was safe and well-tolerated without adverse events,but it did not enable discontinuation of the steroids.Mycophenolate mofetil and other immunomodulatory therapies should continue to be studied for maintenance of remission in the large subset of patients with refractory or recurrent autoimmune pancreatitis. | Jamie B Sodikoff Steven A Keilin Sheila J Bharmal Melinda M Lewis Gottumukkala S Raju Field F Willingham | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，18： | 6 |
| 3 | NOTES Rectosigmoid Resection Using Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) with Transgastric Endoscopic Assistance: A Pilot Study in Swine显示文摘 | Patricia Sylla Field F. Willingham Dae K. Sohn Denise Gee William R. Brugge David W. Rattner | 2008 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2008，，10： | 3 |
| 4 | Visible small-intestinal mucosal injury in chronic NSAID users显示文摘 | David Y. Graham Antone R. Opekun Field F. Willingham Waqar A. Qureshi | 2005 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2005，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Endocrine disruptors: present issues, future directions显示文摘 | Crews D Willingham E Skipper J K | 2000 | Q Rev Biol2000，75，3： | 2 |
| 6 | A Bi CMOS low-distortion 8MHz lowpass filter 显示文摘 | Willingham S | 1993 | IEEE J Solid-state Circuits1993，22，12： | 2 |
| 7 | Sea-nine antifoulant: an environmentally acceptable alternative to organotin antifoulants显示文摘 | Jaeobson Andrew H Willingham | 2000 | Sci Total Environ2000，258，： | 1 |
| 8 | The pathogenesis of foam cell formatiom: modified LDL stimulates uptake of coincubated LDL via macropinocytosis 显示文摘 | Jones NL Reagan JW Willingham MC | 2000 | Arteriosel Thromb Vasc Biol2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of ectopic overexpression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) on aneuploidy and the malignant phenotype of human brain tumor cells显示文摘 | Chen J Willingham T Shuford M | 1996 | Oncogene1996，13，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Inhibition of pbosphati- dylinositol 3-kinase delay B Ill/nor progression and blocks me- tastatic spread in a mouse model of thyroid cancer显示文摘 | Furuya F Lu C Willingham MC | 2007 | Carcino- genesis2007，28，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Differential expression of ACAT1 and ACAT2 among cells within liver, intestine, kidney, and adrenal of nonhuman primates显示文摘 | LEE R G WILLINGHAM M C DAVIS M A | 2000 | J Lipid Res2000，41，12： | 1 |
| 12 | '21st-Century' Skills显示文摘 | Rotherham A J Willingham D T | 2010 | American Educator2010，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Case- based, problem- based learning:Information literacy for the real world显示文摘 | Carder L Willingham P Bibb D | 2001 | Research Strategies2001，18，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Thepathogenesis of foam cell formation:modified LDLstimulates uptake of co-incubated LDL viamacropinocytosis显示文摘 | Jones NL Reagan JW willingham MC | 2000 | ArteriosclThromb Vasc Biol2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Food allergy or intolerance in severe recurrent aphthous ulceration of the mouth显示文摘 | Wright A Pryan FP Willingham SE | 1986 | Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)1986，292，6530： | 1 |
| 16 | NLRs at the intersection of cell death and immunity显示文摘 | Ting JP Willingham SB Bergstralh DT | 2008 | Nat Rev Irnmunol2008，8，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Development of Herceptin resistance in breast cancer cells显示文摘 | Kute T Lack C M Willingham M | 2004 | Cytometry Part A2004，57，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Liver transplantation using controlled donation after cardiac death donors:An analysis of a large single-center experience显示文摘 | Grewal HP Willingham DL Nguyen J | 2009 | Liver Transpl2009，15，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Tumor suppression and inhibition of aneuploid cell accumulation in human brain tumor cell by ectopic overepression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27显示文摘 | Chen J Willingham J Shuford M | 1996 | J Clin Invest1996，97，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Periphyton community responses to elevated metal concentrations in a Rocky Mountain stream显示文摘 | Hill B H Willingham W T Psrrish L P | 2000 | Hydrobiologia2000，428，： | 1 |
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