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    题名 作者 年代 出处 被引量
1Effect of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) on cardiac function using echocardiography in myocardial ischemia rats induced by isoproterenol显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Neiguan(PC 6) on cardiac function using echocardiography in rat models of myocardial ischemia(MI) induced by isoproterenol(ISO).METHODS: Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal, model, and acupuncture groups. The model and acupuncture groups were given injections of ISO(85 mg/kg) to establish the MI model. After model establishment,the acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture at Neiguan(PC 6) for 30 min. Echocardiography was used to monitor diastolic and systolic function for 30 min starting from the time after the acupuncture needles were removed. Changes in the length of left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole(LVIDd), length of left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole(LVIDs), the ratio of mitral peak velocity at early diastole and atrial contraction(E/A), ejection fraction(EF), fractional shortening(FS), and stroke volume(SV) were measured.RESULTS: Compared with the model group at 0and 15 min after needles were removed, the means of LVIDd and LVIDs were significantly lower(P <0.01) and E/A, EF, FS, and SV significantly higher(P < 0.01) in the acupuncture group. In the acupuncture group, the means of LVIDd and LVIDs15 min after the needles were removed were significantly higher(P < 0.01) than those at 0 min. The means of E/A, EF, FS, and SV significantly decreased(P < 0.01) from 0 to 15 min in the acupuncture group.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that acupuncture at Neiguan(PC 6) can affect cardiac function by increasing left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in MI rat models, but the effect only lasts for 15 min.Wang Songzi Ren Lu Jia Lianqun Gu Zhongyue Fan Xu Chen Wenna Hou Ping Liang Fanrong Rong Peijing Ma Tieming Liu Xulai Chen Yiguo 2015Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2015,35,6:12
2Effect of auricular pressing treatment on myopia in children显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of pressing auricular points on myopia in children.METHODS:Myopic children aged 8-9 years were divided into two groups.The Chinese herb Semen Vaccariae was used to stimulate the auricular points of CO_(10),LO_5,TF_4,CO_(15),CO_(12),and CO_(13) for three treatment courses for the experimental group(n =39),while the same therapy was not given to the control group(n = 33).Binocular naked vision of the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention was measured using a standard E visual acuity chart.RESULTS:There was no difference in the binocular naked vision between the experimental group and the control group before the intervention.In contrast,there was significant improvement in binocular naked vision in the experimental group after the intervention compared with the control group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:When combined with external medical application,non-invasive auricular therapy could improve the function of myopia in children.Auricular pressing was well received by the children.Li Yachan Zhang Ou Liang Wenna Li Candong 2015Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2015,35,3:10
3Cavity engineering of two-dimensional perovskites and inherent light-matter interaction显示文摘Two-dimensional(2D)perovskites are hybrid layered materials in which the inorganic lattice of an octahedron is sandwiched by organic layers.They behave as a quantum-well structure exhibiting large exciton binding energy and high emission efficiency,which is excellent for photonic applications.Hence,the cavity modulation and cavity devices of 2D perovskites are widely investigated.In this review,we summarize the rich photophysics,synthetic methods of different cavity structures,and the cavity-based applications of 2D perovskites.We highlight the strong exciton–photon coupling and photonic lasing obtained in different cavity structures.In addition,functional optoelectronic devices using cavity structures of 2D perovskites are also reviewed.Shuai Zhang Yangguang Zhong Fan Yang Qinxuan Cao Wenna Du Jianwei Shi Xinfeng Liu 2020Photonics Research2020,8,11:7
4Perovskite quantum dot lasers显示文摘Owing to the excellent properties of perovskite quantum dots(QDs),such as an easy synthesis process,high photoluminescence quantum yields,high defect tolerance,and tunable bandgap with different elements,laser actions have been widely conducted.Over the past few years,several approaches have been used for successfully creating perovskite QD lasers.In this review,we summarize the progress of perovskite QD lasers from the aspects of laser theory,characteristics and applications of QD lasers,advantages of perovskite materials for lasers,factors influencing the QD laser threshold,two-photon pumped QD lasers,and perovskite QD laser stability.At the same time,aiming at existing problems,possible solutions and prospects are presented.Jie Chen Wenna Du Jianwei Shi Meili Li Yue Wang Qing Zhang Xinfeng Liu 2020InfoMat2020,2,1:6
5Lichong decoction inhibits micro-angiogenesis by reducing the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1αand vascular endothelial growth factor in hysteromyoma mouse model显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Lichong decoction(LD)from Traditional Chinese Medicine,on micro-angiogenesis in a mouse model of hysteromyoma.METHODS:A mouse model of hysteromyoma was developed by orthotopic intrauterine injection of primary human myoma cells isolated from patients from the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital into CB-17 Scid mice.Mice were administered high-dose LD,low-dose LD,mifepristone or water(control)daily by gavage for 4 weeks.Uterine diameter and coefficient(uterine weight/body weight)were measured.Uterine morphology was assessed by light microscopy(hematoxylin and eosin)and transmission electron microscopy.Serum levels of estradiol,progesterone,follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Uterine protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α,CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)was detected by immunohistochemistry.VEGF and HIF-1αm RNAs were quantified by RT-PCR.RESULTS:High-dose LD,low-dose LD and mifepristone reduced uterine diameter and coefficient,and attenuated the morphologic abnormalities associated with hysteromyoma.High-dose LD,low-dose LD and mifepristone inhibited hysteromyoma-induced micro-angiogenesis,as evidenced by a decrease in the number of new microvessels co-immunostaining for CD31 and PCNA(P<0.01).High-dose LD and mifepristone lowered serum levels of estradiol,progesterone and LH(P<0.05).High-dose LD,low-dose LD and mifepristone down-regulated HIF-1αm RNA and protein expressions and VEGF m RNA expression(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The inhibition of hysteromyoma by LD may involve reductions in HIF-1αand VEGF expression and suppression of micro-angiogenesis.Wang Wenna Zhang Wufang Li Donghua Qian Ruiya Zhu Lijuan Liu Yu Chen Chao 2020Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2020,40,6:6
6Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+) up-conversion phosphors for optical temperature sensor based on FIR technique显示文摘Herein,we reported novel Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)phosphors elaborated via conventional solid-state reaction.and we further explored their properties as optical thermometer by using fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)method complemented by detailed analysis on crystal structure,up-conversion luminescence and energy transfer from Yb^(3+)to Er^(3+).Upon 980 nm laser excitation,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)phosphors present525,547 and 659 nm emission bands assigned to the characteristic transitions of Er^(3+).Furthermore,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)samples show outstanding temperature sensing performances.To be specific,the minimal temperature resolution is 0.03 K(303 K),and the relative sensitivity of FIR can be up to 1.152%/K(303 K).Hence,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)phosphors can be possible candidates for thermometry devices.Yihang Chen Jing Chen Ye Tong Wenna Zhang Xiusha Peng Hai Guo Daxing Huang 2021Journal of Rare Earths2021,39,12:5
7A Combining Call Admission Control and Power Control Scheme for D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks显示文摘As device-to-device(D2D) communications usually reuses the resource of cellular networks, call admission control(CAC) and power control are crucial problems. However in most power control schemes, total data rates or throughput are regarded as optimization criterion. In this paper, a combining call admission control(CAC) and power control scheme under guaranteeing QoS of every user equipment(UE) is proposed. First, a simple CAC scheme is introduced. Then based on the CAC scheme, a combining call admission control and power control scheme is proposed. Next, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated. Finally, maximum DUE pair number and average transmitting power is calculated. Simulation results show that D2 D communications with the proposed combining call admission control and power control scheme can effectively improve the maximum DUE pair number under the premise of meeting necessary QoS.Xujie Li Wenna Zhang Honglang Zhang Wenfeng Li 2016China Communications2016,13,10:5
8A Text Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on Chinese Phonetic Alphabets显示文摘The text watermarking is a feasible method to protect the copyright from being copied and tampered. In this paper, a text zero-watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the connection between the Chinese characters and the Chinese phonetic alphabets. According to the predefined interval threshold, the proposed algorithm extracts the characteristics of the text content by valuing on the basis of the custom of Chinese phonetic alphabets. After being chaotic transformed, the algorithm combines the text characteristics with the embedded watermarking information in the Chinese text. The experimental results show that the watermarking's capability of preventing tampering is up to 0.1%, which demonstrates the strong robustness and resistance to aggressive behavior of the algorithm.ZHU Ping XIANG Guangli SONG Wenna LI Ankang ZHANG Yuexin TAO Ran 2016Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences2016,21,4:5
9A novel miRNA negatively regulates resistance to Glomerella leaf spot by suppressing expression of an NBS gene in apple显示文摘Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)of apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.),caused by Glomerella cingulata,is an emerging fungal epidemic threatening the apple industry.Little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to this devastating fungus.In this study,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify microRNAs(miRNAs)involved in GLS resistance in apple.We focused on miRNAs that target genes related to disease and found that expression of a novel miRNA,Md-miRln20,was higher in susceptible apple varieties than in resistant ones.Furthermore,its target gene Md-TN1-GLS exhibited the opposite expression pattern,which suggested that the expression levels of Md-miRln20 and its target gene are closely related to apple resistance to GLS.Furthermore,downregulation of MdmiRln20 in susceptible apple leaves resulted in upregulation of Md-TN1-GLS and reduced the disease incidence.Conversely,overexpression of Md-miRln20 in resistant apple leaves suppressed Md-TN1-GLS expression,with increased disease incidence.We demonstrated that Md-miRln20 negatively regulates resistance to GLS by suppressing Md-TN1-GLS expression and showed,for the first time,a crucial role for miRNA in response to GLS in apple.Yi Zhang Qiulei Zhang Li Hao Shengnan Wang Shengyuan Wang Wenna Zhang Chaoran Xu Yunfei Yu Tianzhong Li 2019Horticulture Research2019,6,1:4
10A new recombinant pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-derived peptide efficiently promotes glucose uptake and glucose-dependent insulin secretion显示文摘recombinant 肽, DBAYL,为类型 2 糖尿病的有希望的治疗学的肽,一新,有势力,和为 VPAC2 的高度选择的收缩筋基于垂体 adenylate 激活 cyclase 肽(PACAP ) 的顺序排列通过指导地点的 mutagenesis 产生了, vasoactive 肠的肽(贵宾) ,和相关类似物。recombinant DBAYL 被用来在血葡萄糖新陈代谢和利用评估它的效果和机制。像有纯净的 28.9 mg recombinant DBAYL 肽一样,超过98%能被与四个变化在这研究和准备 DBAYL 建立的方法从 Luria-Bertani 中等文化的 1 l 获得( N10Q , V18L , N29Q ,并且 M 增加了N终端)比 BAY55-9837 是更多马厩。recombinant DBAYL 的半衰期与在 vitro 的 BAY55-9837 的相比是大约 25 褶层。DBAYL 的 bioactivity 试金证明它代替了[125I ] PACAP38 并且[125I ] 从有 48.4 的一半最大的禁止的集中的 VPAC2Yi Ma Tianjie Luo Wenna Xu Zulu Ye An Hong 2012Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2012,44,11:4
11A developed HPLC method for the determination of Alogliptin Benzoate and its potential impurities in bulk drug and tablets显示文摘Alogliptin(AGLT),active ingredient of Alogliptin Benzoate(AGLT-BZ),is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to build a suitable method to determine the potential related substances in AGLT-BZ bulk drug and tablets.Seven related substances in Alogliptin Benzoate substances were synthetized and identified by ^(1)H-NMR and ESI-MS.In addition,the impurities were detected by a gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with UV detection.The chromatographic system consisted of an Angilent Zobax SB-CN column(250×4.6 mm;5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v(solution A)and acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v(solution B)using a gradient program at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with 278 nm detection and an injection volume of 20 ml.Additionally,selectivity,the limit of quantitation(LOQ)and limit of detection(LOD),linearity,accuracy,precision and robustness were determined.Linearity was good over the concentration range 50-1000 ng/ml and the coefficient of determination(R^(2))were 0.9991-0.9998.RSD% of the determination of precision were <2%(n=6).The method of RP-HPLC for the determination of impurities in AGLT-BZ was proved to be precise,accurate,robust and reliable.Three batches of self-made bulk drug and three dosages of commercial tablets were detected with this method.Kun Zhang Panqin Ma Wenna Jing Xiangrong Zhang 2015Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2015,10,2:4
12Tensile deformation behavior and mechanical properties of a bulk cast Al0.9 CoFeNi2 eutectic high-entropy alloy显示文摘In this study,a new Al0.9CoFeNi2 eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA) was designed,and the microstructures as well as the deformation behavior were investigated.The bulk cast Al0.9CoFeNi2 EHEA exhibited an order face-centered cubic FCC(L12) and an order body-centered cubic(B2) dual-phase lamellar eutectic microstructure.The volume fractions of FCC(L12) and B2 phases are measured to be 60 % and 40 %,respectively.The combination of the soft and ductile FCC(L12) phase together with the hard B2 phase resulted in superior strength of 1005 MPa and ductility as high as 6.2 % in tension at room temperature.The Al0.9CoFeNi2 EHEA exhibited obvious three-stage work hardening characteristics and high workhardening ability.The evolving dislocation substructure s during uniaxial tensile deformation found that planar slip dominates in both FCC(L12) and B2 phases,and the FCC(L12) phase is easier to deform than the B2 phase.The post-deformation transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sub-structural evolution of the FCC(L12) phase is from planar dislocations to bending dislocations,high-density dislocations,dislocation network,and then to dislocation walls,and Taylor lattices,while the sub-structural evolution of the B2 phase is from a very small number of short dislocations to a number of planar dislocations.Moreover,obvious ductile fracture in the FCC(L12) phase and a brittle-like fracture in the B2 phase were observed on the fracture surface of the Al0.9CoFeNi2 EHEA.The re search results provide some insight into the microstructure-property relationship.Hui Jiang Dongxu Qiao Wenna Jiao Kaiming Han Yiping Lu Peter K.Liaw 2021Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021,,2:3
13彩色多普勒超声与磁共振成像在胎脑发育异常中的临床应用研究显示文摘目的探讨彩色多普勒超声联合磁共振检查在胎脑发育异常中的临床应用价值。方法收集本院围产保健门诊孕妇中筛选出符合条件者1 118名,于妊娠16、24、32周进行超声或磁共振检查,观察胎儿脑发育情况,异常者进行干预,出生后的婴儿进行发育随访。结果从1 118名符合条件的观察对象中共检出胎儿脑发育异常者34例。超声或磁共振检出典型脑发育畸形23例,其中15例终止妊娠,8例失去联系;11例轻度脑积水无典型畸形者经干预后,出生胎儿7例发育正常,另4例中2例智力和运动发育稍落后,2例运动落后者经康复治疗达正常水平。结论 MRI是超声发现胎脑异常的重要验证和补充诊断手段。典型的胎脑发育畸形可及时终止妊娠以减少出生缺陷;仅有轻度脑积水不合并脑发育畸形者可以在严密观察中继续妊娠;出生婴儿可以正常发育,部分会有发育落后经康复治疗可达正常儿发育水平。王存强 王爱华 贺顺岭 申国琴 谷丽萍 顾韵泽 Yuan Ziyang Wang Wenna Liu Xiaokun 2016实用医技杂志2016,23,5:3
14Effect of Chaihushugan San on expression of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in the hippocampi of perimenopausal rats induced by immobilization stress显示文摘OBJECTIVE: We wished to study the impact of Chaihushugan San(CSS) on the behavior of perimenopausal rats with liver-Qi stagnation(LQS) and to investigate the effect of CSS on signal transduction of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase(MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) cascade in the hippocampi of rats induced by immobilization.METHODS: Twenty 52-week-old female rats were divided into two groups by the random number table method: model control group(MCG) and CSS group(CSSG), with 10 rats in each group.Ten-week-old female rats were used as the normal control group(NCG). CSS effects were assessed using rats exposed to immobilization stress by measuring body weight and sucrose consumption, serum hormone levels, and observing performance in the open field test(OFT). Molecular mechanisms were examined by measuring the effect of CSS on expression of Raf1, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 m RNA in hippocampi using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and by measuring levels of these proteins and related phospho-proteins using Western blotting.RESULTS: Perimenopausal rats with LQS had decreased locomotor activity; reduced sucrose consumption; and increased serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) and corticosterone(CORT). Activation of hippocampal Raf/MEK/ERK cascade was suppressed significantly in the MCG,and activation was increased after 21 days of CSS treatment.CONCLUSION: CSS has significant effects upon relief of the symptoms of LQS in immobilization-induced rats. The mechanism underlying this action might(at least in part) be mediated by reversal of disruption of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.Li Shengqiang Liang Wenna Li Yachan Chen Yunlong Chen Shujiao Li Candong 2015Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2015,35,4:3
15Selective exchange of alkali metal ions on EAB zeolite显示文摘EAB zeolite was successfully prepared and applied to selective adsorption of Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+)ions.The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermogravimetry(TG)methods.The ion exchange behaviours for Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+)ions in monomcomponent and multicomponent solutions were studied.In independent ion exchange,the ion exchange capacities ratiosα(/Na/Li)andα(K/Li)were 3.8 and 6.2,respectively.In competitive ion exchange,the selectivitiesβ(Na/Li)andβ(K/Li)increased with the initial concentrations and reached 409 and 992 when the initial concentrations was 100 mmol/L.The thermodynamic study results showed that Gibbs free energy change(ΔGΘ)of ion exchange reaction between Li-EAB and K^(+)was-34.96 kJ/mol,indicating that ion exchange of K^(+)ions was more energetically favourable than Li^(+)ions.The calculation results showed that the energy barriers of ion exchange increased in the order K^(+)Na^(+)Yansi Tong Danhua Yuan Wenna Zhang Yingxu Wei Zhongmin Liu Yunpeng Xu 2021Journal of Energy Chemistry2021,30,7:2
16Study on Atmospheric Environmental Capacity of Shennongjia显示文摘Through analysis and evaluation on status quo of atmospheric environment in Shennongjia,atmospheric environment capacity in ClassII functional area of Shennongjia was counted by A value method. The results showed that atmospheric environment capacities of SO2,NO2 and PM10in Shennongjia Forest District were respectively 6 268. 8,17 666. 2 and 2 279. 5 t / a,much larger than emissions of air pollutants in Shennongjia in 2012.Zhang Wenna Cheng Chang Chen Tao Jiang Liping 2014Meteorological and Environmental Research2014,5,9:2
17Effects of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Physiology of Viola prionantha under Salt Stress显示文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi distribute widely in natural habits and play a variety of ecological functions.In order to test the physiological response to salt stress mediated by different AM fungi,Viola prionantha was selected as the host,the dominant AM fungus in the rhizosphere of V.philippica growing in Songnen saline-alkali grassland,Rhizophagus irregularis,and their mixtures were used as inoculants,and NaCl stress was applied after the roots were colonized.The results showed that V.philippica could be colonized by AM fungi in the field and the colonization rate ranged from 73.33%to 96.67%,and Claroideoglomus etunicatum was identified as the dominant AM fungi species in the rhizosphere of V.philippica by morphology combined with sequencing for AM fungal AML1/AML2 target.Inoculation with both the species resulted in the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis(the colonization rate was more than 70%)and AM fungi significantly enhanced plants’tolerance to salt stress of varying magnitude.Higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and augmented levels of proline and other osmoregulators were observed in AM plants.The content of MDA in CK was higher than that in the inoculations with the stress of 100,200,and 250 mM.All indices except soluble protein content and MDA content were significantly correlated with AM fungal colonization indices.The analysis for different AM fungal effects showed that the mixtures and R.irregularis worked even better than C.etunicatum.These results will provide theoretical support for the exploration and screening of salt-tolerant AM fungi species and also for the application of AM-ornamental plants in saline-alkali urban greening.Yajie Liu Linlin Fang Wenna Zhao Chunxue Yang 2023Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2023,92,1:2
18Efficacy and Safety of Adding and Subtracting Decoction of Rehmanniae Combined with Western Medicine in the Treatment of Hypertension:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis显示文摘Objective:Systematically evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding and subtracting decoction of rehmanniae combined with Western medicine in the treatment of hypertension.Methods:PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP database and China Biomedical Literature Service System(CBM)were searched.All randomized controlled studies(RCTs)on adding and subtracting decoction ofrehmanniae combined with Western medicine in the treatment of hypertension were retrieved.The retrieval period is from the database construction to November 2021.Two investigators independently screened the literature,collected baseline data of patients and data on related indicators,and evaluated the risk of bias in the included randomized controlled trials.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software.Results:Five randomized controlled trials including 380 patients were obtained after screening by inclusing and exclusing criteria.Meta-analysis results showed that:In the experimental group,TCM syndrome score(MD=-4.08,95%CI:-5.32 to-2.84,P<0.00001),systolic blood pressure(SBP)(MD=-7.77,95%CI:-12.03 to-3.51,P=0.0003),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(MD=-6.76,95%CI:-9.59 to-3.93,P<0.00001)were better than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that compared with the simple use of Western medicine,adding and subtracting decoction of rehmanniae combined with Western medicine in the treatment of hypertension has more advantages in improving TCM syndromes and reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure,and the conclusion is reliable.However,due to the limited number and low quality of included randomized controlled trials,more randomized,double-blind,large-sample clinical studies are needed to confirm the above conclusions.Rui Wang Yixuan Dong Wenna Zhang Yue Jing Liu Qian Xie Shenjun Wang 2022Asian Toxicology Tesearch2022,4,1:2
19Mechanism,kinetics and application studies on enhanced activated sludge by interior microelectrolysis 显示文摘Yang Xiaoyi Xue Yu Wang Wenna 2009Bioresour Technol2009,100,2:1
20Systemic PCD occurs in TMV-tomato interaction显示文摘In hypersensitive response (HR), programmed cell death (PCD) is reported as a powerful defense mechanism in plant immune responses to pathogen. However, little is known about the PCD in sys-temic acquired resistance (SAR). Using tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to infect the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Jiafen 16) we found that localized TMV-infection could induce cell death in the uninoculated parts of the tomatoes, where the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed no spreading virus. The biological and molecular characterization of this cell death was shown as fol-lowing: chromatin condensed and formed peripheral conglomeration in nuclei; cell nucleus were TUNEL positive labeled; genomic DNA was fragmented and showed DNA laddering; mitochondria and chloroplast were disrupted; tonoplast and plasma membrane were shrunk and degradated. These re-sults suggested that with an absence of TMV spread, the local TMV-infection on certain tomato leaves could induce systemic PCD in the root-tips, stem-apices and uninoculated leaves. The systemic PCD has various initiation and synchronization in such tissues and is distinct in inducement and exhibition from HR-PCD and SAR.ZHOU ShuMin, LIU WenNa, KONG LinAn & WANG Mao College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China 2008Science China(Life Sciences)2008,51,11:1
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