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| 1 | High-performance size exclusion chromatography with a multi-wavelength absorbance detector study on dissolved organic matter characterisation along a water distribution system显示文摘This study examined the associations between dissolved organic matter(DOM) characteristics and potential nitrification occurrence in the presence of chloramine along a drinking water distribution system. High-performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC) coupled with a multiple wavelength detector(200–280 nm) was employed to characterise DOM by molecular weight distribution, bacterial activity was analysed using flow cytometry, and a package of simple analytical tools, such as dissolved organic carbon, absorbance at 254 nm, nitrate,nitrite, ammonia and total disinfectant residual were also applied and their applicability to indicate water quality changes in distribution systems were also evaluated. Results showed that multi-wavelength HPSEC analysis was useful to provide information about DOM character while changes in molecule weight profiles at wavelengths less than 230 nm were also able to be related to other water quality parameters. Correct selection of the UV wavelengths can be an important factor for providing appropriate indicators associated with different DOM compositions. DOM molecular weight in the range of 0.2–0.5 k Da measured at210 nm correlated positively with oxidised nitrogen concentration(r = 0.99), and the concentrations of active bacterial cells in the distribution system(r = 0.85). Our study also showed that the changes of DOM character and bacterial cells were significant in those sampling points that had decreases in total disinfectant residual. HPSEC-UV measured at210 nm and flow cytometry can detect the changes of low molecular weight of DOM and bacterial levels, respectively, when nitrification occurred within the chloraminated distribution system. | Huiping Huang Emma Sawade David Cook Christopher W.K.Chow Mary Drikas Bo Jin | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，6： | 7 |
| 2 | Influence of coagulation mechanisms and floc formation on filterability显示文摘Minimizing particles in water is a key goal for improving drinking water quality and safety.The media filtration process,as the last step of the solid–liquid separation process,is largely influenced by the characteristics of flocs,which are formed and controlled within the coagulation process.In a laboratory-based study,the impacts of the physical characteristics of flocs formed using aluminum sulfate on the filtration treatment of two comparative water samples were investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer and a filterability apparatus.In general,the optimum dosage for maximizing filterability was higher than that for minimizing turbidity under neutral p H conditions.For a monomeric aluminum-based coagulant,the charge neutralization mechanism produced better floc characteristics,including floc growth speed and size,than the sweep flocculation mechanism.In addition,the charge neutralization mechanism showed better performance compared to sweep flocculation in terms of DOC removal and floc filterability improvement for both waters,and showed superiority in turbidity removal only when the raw water had high turbidity.For the different mechanisms,the ways that floc characteristics impacted on floc filterability also differed.The low variation in floc size distribution obtained under the charge neutralization mechanism resulted in the flocs being amenable to removal by filtration processes.For the sweep flocculation mechanism,increasing the floc size improved the settling ability of flocs,resulting in higher filter efficiency. | Ruyuan Jiao Rolando Fabris Christopher W.K.Chow Mary Drikas John van Leeuwen Dongsheng Wang Zhizhen Xu | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，7： | 6 |
| 3 | Prediction of DOM removal of low specific UV absorbance surface waters using HPSEC combined with peak fitting显示文摘High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) is used in water quality research primarily to determine the molecular weight distribution of the dissolved organic matter (DOM), but by applying peak fitting to the chromatogram, this technique can also be used as a tool to model and predict DOM removal. Six low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) source waters were treated using coagulation with alum and both the source and treated water samples were analysed using HPSEC. By comparing the molecular weight profiles of the source and treated waters, it was established that several DOM components were not effectively removed by alum coagulation even after high dosage alum treatment. A peak-fitting technique was applied based on the concept of linking the character (molecular weight profile) of the recalcitrant organics in the treated water with those of the source water. This was then applied to predict DOM treatability by determining the areas of the peaks which were assigned to removable organics from the source water molecular weight profile after peak fitting, and this technique quantified the removable and non-removable organics. The prediction was compared with the actual dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal determined from jar testing and showed good agreement, with variance between 2% and 10%. This confirmed that this prediction approach, which was originally developed for high SUVA waters, can also be applied successfully to predict DOC removal in low SUVA waters. | Linan Xing Rolando Fabris W.K.Chow John van Leeuwen Mary Drikas Dongsheng Wang | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，7： | 4 |
| 4 | Characterisation of dissolved organic matter in stormwater using high-performance size exclusion chromatography显示文摘Understanding the complexity of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in stormwater has drawn a lot of interest,since DOM from stormwater causes not only environmental impacts,but also worsens downstream aquatic quality associated with water supply and treatability.This study introduced and employed high-performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC)coupled with an ultraviolet–visible(UV–vis)diode array detector to assess changes in stormwater-associated DOM characteristics.Stormwater DOM was also analysed in relation to storm event characteristics,water quality and spectroscopic analysis.Statistical tools were used to determine the correlations within DOM and water quality measurements.Results showed that dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and UV absorbance at 254 nm(UV_(254))as conventional DOM parameters were found to be correlated well to the changes in stormwater quality during each of the three storm events studied.Both detector wavelengths(210and 254 nm)and their ratio(A_(210)/A_(254))were found to provide additional information on the physiochemical properties of stormwater-associated DOM.This study indicated that A_(210)/A_(254) is an important parameter which could be used to estimate the DOM proportions of functional groups and conjugated carbon species.This study provided also an understanding of stormwater quality constituents through assessing variability and sensitivity for various parameters,and the additional information of rainfall characteristics on runoff quality data for a better understanding of parameter correlations and influences. | Huiping Huang Christopher W.K.Chow Bo Jin | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Building fire safety in the Far East显示文摘 | W.K.Chow | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 6 | Wind effects on performance of static smoke exhaust systems:horizontal ceiling vents显示文摘 | W.K.Chow J.Li | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Developing a chloramine decay index to understand nitrification:A case study of two chloraminated drinking water distribution systems显示文摘The management of chloramine decay and the prevention of nitrification are some of the critical issues faced by water utilities that use chloramine as a disinfectant.In this study,potential association between high performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC)data obtained with multiple wavelength Ultraviolet(UV) detection from two drinking water distribution systems in Australia and nitrification occurrence was investigated.An increase in the absorbance signal of HPSEC profiles with UV detection at λ = 230 nm between apparent molecular weights of 200 to 1000 Da was observed at sampling sites that experienced rapid chloramine decay and nitrification while its absorbance signal at λ =254 nm decreased.A chloramine decay index(C.D.I) defined as the ratio of area beneath the HPSEC spectra at two different wavelengths of 230 and 254 nm,was used in assessing chloramine decay occurrences.The C.D.Is of waters at locations that experienced nitrification were consistently higher than locations not experiencing nitrification.A simulated laboratory study showed that the formation of nitrite/nitrate and/or soluble microbial products and/or the release of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) during nitrification may contribute to the C.D.I.increase.These findings suggest that C.D.I derived from HPSEC with multiple wavelength UV detection could be an informative index to track the occurrence of rapid chloramine decay and nitrification. | Sina Moradi Sanly Liu Christopher W.K.Chow John van Leeuwen David Cook Mary Drikas Rose Amal | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Renormalization Group Theory and Its Application to Thermally-Induced Turbulence显示文摘Renormalization group theory applied to turbulence will be reviewed in this article.Techniques associated are used for analyzing thermally-induced turbulence.Transport properties such as effective viscosity and thermal diffusivity are derived. | CAOYi-Gang W.K.Chow | 2004 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2004，41，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Solutions to Buoyancy-Drag Equation for Dynamical Evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov Mixing Zone显示文摘With a self-similar parameter b(A_t)=H_i/λ_i,where A_t is the Atwood number,H_i andλ_i are the amplitude and wavelength of bubble(i = 1) and spike(i = 2) respectively,we derive analytically the solutions to the buoyancy-drag equation recently proposed for dynamical evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing zone.Numerical solutions are obtained with a simple form of b(A_t)=1/(1 + A_t) and comparisons with recent LEM(linear electric motor) experiments are made,and an agreement is found with properly chosen initial conditions. | W.K.Chow N.K.Fong | 2011 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2011，56，10： | 0 |
| 10 | 消防水雾系统实验研究回顾显示文摘水雾火灾压制系统(WMFSS)最初出现于上世纪五十年代早期.但是这种防火技术在哈龙(Halon)灭火剂禁止以前并没能登上查前。在过去十五年里.水雾技术得到了不断的改进。这些改进是基于各个火灾研究权威机构、组织及研究团体的大量实验、理论和数字模型的研究基础之上的。 | N .Zhu W.K.Chow | 2006 | 亚洲消防2006，，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Chloramine demand estimation using surrogate chemical and microbiological parameters显示文摘A model is developed to enable estimation of chloramine demand in full scale drinking water supplies based on chemical and microbiological factors that affect chloramine decay rate via nonlinear regression analysis method.The model is based on organic character(specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA)) of the water samples and a laboratory measure of the microbiological(Fm) decay of chloramine.The applicability of the model for estimation of chloramine residual(and hence chloramine demand) was tested on several waters from different water treatment plants in Australia through statistical test analysis between the experimental and predicted data.Results showed that the model was able to simulate and estimate chloramine demand at various times in real drinking water systems.To elucidate the loss of chloramine over the wide variation of water quality used in this study,the model incorporates both the fast and slow chloramine decay pathways.The significance of estimated fast and slow decay rate constants as the kinetic parameters of the model for three water sources in Australia was discussed.It was found that with the same water source,the kinetic parameters remain the same.This modelling approach has the potential to be used by water treatment operators as a decision support tool in order to manage chloramine disinfection. | Sina Moradi Sanly Liu Christopher W.K.Chow John van Leeuwen David Cook Mary Drikas Rose Amal | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，7： | 0 |
| 12 | 关于细水雾实验研究的回顾(英文)显示文摘WMFSS(细水雾御火系统)最早发展于20世纪50年代。但是直到Halon被禁止使用,它才真正登上历史舞台。在过去的15年里,细水雾科技不断在发展进步。这些进步是以大量的不同火灾研究权威机构、组织团体和研究团体的试验研究、理论和方法为基础的。为了让大家对过去的研究能有一个更好的理解,同时也为了在将来制定更好的计划,本篇文章对过去的研究实验以及研究领域和不同的组织作了一个简要回顾。这个回顾将帮助理解关于WMFSS究竟作过哪些工作,以及在将来我们需要去作什么。 | W.K.Chow | 2005 | 中国公共安全(学术版)2005，，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Effects of carbonation on mechanical properties of CAC‑GGBFS blended strain hardening cementitious composites显示文摘基于铝酸盐水泥(CAC)的应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)已成功应用于污水管道的修复。除了微生物引起的腐蚀外,污水环境中的高浓度CO_(2)也会导致管道严重碳化。因此,本文旨在研究碳化对基于CAC的SHCC力学性能的影响。制备了两种不同强度等级的基于CAC的SHCC试样和一种基于普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)的SHCC试样作为参照。加速碳化试验在CO_(2)浓度为5%的碳化室中进行。首先进行SHCC的抗压和抗拉强度测试,然后利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等进行微观结构分析。结果表明,由于纤维桥接效应,基于CAC的SHCC试样表现出稳健的应变硬化性能及较大的拉伸变形能力。此外,与基于OPC的SHCC相比,CAC的SHCC抗压和抗拉强度显著提高,并且在碳化后得到更高的拉伸应变能力。微观结构分析表明,碳化后的基于CAC的SHCC试样中的亚稳相转变为稳定相和碳酸钙多晶型,使胶凝基体更致密。本文的研究为利用碳化避免CAC水化产物的不稳定转变提供了新的见解。 | Wei Fan Yan Zhuge Xing Ma Christopher W.K.Chow Yue Liu Guangtong Huang Nima Gorjian | 2023 | Low-carbon Materials and Green Construction2023，1，1： | 0 |
| 14 | Artificial lighting for green or sustainable buildings and their fire safety concerns显示文摘In this paper, environmental aspects of artificial lighting including incandescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps are reviewed. The impact on green or sustainable buildings is discussed from the energy use viewpoint, As there are complaints on the falling down of plastic components, and the long ignition time required for compact fluorescents, the fire environment is simulated with Computational Fluid Dynamics. Results indicated that combustibles placed adjacent to a lamp with the possibility of igniting should be watched carefully. | C.L.CHOW W.K.CHOW | 2003 | Journal of Chongqing University2003，2，U10： | 0 |
| 15 | Numerical Study on Depinning Dynamics of Fluids Interacting with Disorder显示文摘We investigate the depinning of two-dimensional fluids interacting with quenched disorder, based on Langevin simulations. For weak disorder the fluids depin elastically and flow in an ordered state. A power-law scaling lit between velocity and driving force can be obtained for the onset of motion in the elastic regime. This is in good agreement with that of colloid, charge density wave, and superconducting vortex systems. With an increasing strength of the disorder, we find a sharp crossover to plastic de. Pinning, accompanied by a substantial increase in the depinning force. The scaling fit obtained in the elastic regime becomes invalid when plastic flow occurs. In the plastic regime, the fluids flow in channels and the hexatic order decays exponentially with drives. | CAOYi-Gang W.K.Chow | 2004 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2004，42，4X： | 0 |
| 16 | Wind environment for a high-rise building adjacent to a vertical wall显示文摘Adequate provision of natural ventilation in tropical areas is regarded as one of the design cntena for assessing ‘green'' or ’‘sustainable'' building. Driving forces for natural ventilation in those areas are basically wind-induced action, not stack effect nor buoyancy of warm air columns. Wind-induced air movement is a transient phenomenon depends not only on the wind speeds measured in some designated sites, but strongly affected by the surrounding environment. This is particularly obvious in a dense urban area where buildings are closely built together. For a building located adjacent to a taller building, turbulent effects due to incident wind fields would be important. Note that windows or even refuge floors might be opened at some levels, giving flow paths to change the entire patterns of air flow and pressure distnbution. In this paper, the wind-induced indoor airflow in a building adjacent to a vertical wall is studied by Computational Fluid Dynamics. A CFD software based on large-eddy simulations is selected. Different scenanos on building height, openings and distances away from the vertical wall will be simulated. Incident airflows of a parabolic boundary layer and a top-hat flow pattern are considered. The separate flow at the sharp comer would be different for these two incident airflow profiles. Results are useful not only for providing better ventilation design, but also for working out fire safety management in case of accidents. Note that smoke, or even flame, will spread by following the wind-induced air motion. | W.K.CHOW | 2003 | Journal of Chongqing University2003，2，U10： | 0 |
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