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| 1 | In silico characterization of the functional and structural modules of the hemagglutinin protein from the swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1)-2009显示文摘The 2009 swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV,H1N1 subtype) has developed into a new pandemic influenza as announced by the World Health Organization.In order to uncover clues about the determinants for virulence and pathogenicity of the virus,we characterized the functional modules of the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA),the most important protein in molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza viruses.We analyzed receptor binding sites,basic patch,neutralization antibody epitopes and T cell epitopes in the HA protein of the current S-OIV according to the corresponding functional and structural modules previously characterized in other H1 HA molecules or HA molecules of other subtypes.We compared their differences and similarities systematically.Based on the amino acids defined as the functional and structural modules,the HA protein of 2009 S-OIV should specifically bind to the human 2,6-receptor.The D225G/E mutation in HA,which is found in some isolates,may confer dual binding specificity to the 2,3and 2,6-receptor based on previously reported work.This HA variant contains two basic patches,one of which results in increased basicity,suggesting enhanced membrane fusion function.The 2009 S-OIV HA also has an extra glycosylation site at position 276.Four of the five antibody neutralization epitopes identified in A/RP/8/34(H1N1) were exposed,but the other was hidden by a glycosylation site.The previously identified cytotoxic T cell epitopes in various HA molecules were summarized and their corresponding sequences in 2009 S-OIV HA were defined.These results are critical for understanding the pathogenicity of the virus and host immune response against the virus. | Christopher VAVRICKA GAO George F | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 11 |
| 2 | Melanization in living organisms: a perspective of species evolution显示文摘Eumelanin is a heteropolymer that is generally composed of hydroxylated indole residues and plays diverse protective functions in various species.Melanin is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and production of melanin is a highly complex oxidative process with a number of steps that can either proceed enzymatically or non-enzymatically.Although melanin plays important protective roles in many species,during melanization,particularly in steps that can proceed non-enzymatically,many toxic intermediates are produced,including semiquinones,dopaquinone,indole-quinones and moreover,the production of many reactive oxygen species.To mitigate the production of reactive species,a number of proteins that regulate the biochemical process of melanization have evolved in various living species,which is closely related to adaptation and physiological requirements.In this communication,we discuss differences between non-enzymatic and enzymatic processes of melanization and the enzymatic regulation of melanization in difference species with an emphasis on differences between mammals and insects.Comparison between melanization and insect sclerotization is also emphasized which raises some interesting questions about the current models of these pathways. | Christopher J Vavricka Bruce M.Christensen Jianyong Li | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，9： | 5 |
| 3 | Late biliary complications in human alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high mortality显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the incidence of late biliary complications in non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis(AE)under long-term chemotherapy with benzimidazoles.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of AE patients with biliary complications occurring more than three years after the diagnosis of AE.We compared characteristics of patients with and without biliary complications,analyzed potential risk factor for biliary complications and performed survival analyses.RESULTS:Ninety four of 148 patients with AE in Zurich had non-resectable AE requiring long-term benzimidazole chemotherapy,of which 26(28%)patients developed late biliary complications.These patients had a median age of 55.5(35.5-65)years at diagnosis of AE and developed biliary complications after 15(8.25-19)years of chemotherapy.The most common biliary complications during long-term chemotherapy were late-onset cholangitis(n=14),sclerosing cholangitis-like lesions(n=8),hepatolithiasis(n=5),affection of the common bile duct(n=7)and secondary biliary cirrhosis(n=7).Thirteen of the 26 patients had undergone surgery(including 12 resections)before chemotherapy.Previous surgery was a risk factor for late biliary complications in linear regression analysis(P=0.012).CONCLUSION:Late biliary complications can be observed in nearly one third of patients with non-resectable AE,with previous surgery being a potential risk factor.After the occurrence of late biliary complications,the median survival is only 3 years,suggesting that late biliary complications indicate a poor prognostic outcome. | Pascal Frei Benjamin Misselwitz Meher K Prakash Alain M Schoepfer Bettina M Prinz Vavricka Beat Müllhaupt Michael Fried Kuno Lehmann Rudolf W Ammann Stephan R Vavricka | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，19： | 5 |
| 4 | Mucosal healing and deep remission: What does it mean?显示文摘The use of specific terms under different meanings and varying definitions has always been a source of confusion in science.When we point our efforts towards an evidence based medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)the same is true:Terms such as'mucosal healing'or'deep remission'as endpoints in clinical trials or treatment goals in daily patient care may contribute to misconceptions if meanings change over time or definitions are altered.It appears to be useful to first have a look at the development of terms and their definitions,to assess their intrinsic and context-independent problems and then to analyze the different relevance in present-day clinical studies and trials.The purpose of such an attempt would be to gain clearer insights into the true impact of the clinical findings behind the terms.It may also lead to a better defined use of those terms for future studies.The terms'mucosal healing'and'deep remission'have been introduced in recent years as new therapeutic targets in the treatment of IBD patients.Several clinical trials,cohort studies or inception cohorts provided data that the long term disease course is better,when mucosal healing is achieved.However,it is still unclear whether continued or increased therapeutic measures will aid or improve mucosal healing for patients in clinical remission.Clinical trials are under way to answer this question.Attention should be paid to clearly address what levels of IBD activity are looked at.In the present review article authors aim to summarize the current evidence available on mucosal healing and deep remission and try to highlight their value and position in the everyday decision making for gastroenterologists. | Gerhard Rogler Stephan Vavricka Alain Schoepfer Peter L Lakatos | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 4 |
| 5 | Tyrosine metabolic enzymes from insects and mammals:A comparative perspective显示文摘在在昆虫和哺乳动物之间的酷氨酸的新陈代谢的差别举分子的进化的一个有趣的例子。昆虫和哺乳动物拥有酶的调整系统为酷氨酸代谢物遇见他们的特定的要求;然而,涉及酷氨酸新陈代谢的更相应的酶出现在许多昆虫种类。没有现代 genomics 的知识,一个人可能假定哺乳动物,通常比昆虫更复杂并且为重要 catecholamine neurotransmitters 并且为黑素作为一位先锋要求酷氨酸,应该拥有更多的酶控制酷氨酸新陈代谢。因此,昆虫为什么实际上拥有更多的酷氨酸的问题新陈代谢的酶相当有趣。昆虫为表皮变硬并且为天生的有免疫力的回答重重地依靠酷氨酸新陈代谢,这长被知道了,并且这些进化限制是可能的这个问题的关键答案。以 melanogenesis,哺乳动物也拥有规定的高水平;而昆虫加速象 melanogenesis 一样的小径必须因此忍受增加的氧化压力,然而哺乳动物的系统为 detoxification 拥有更多的机制。我们的研究组有机会描绘从昆虫和哺乳动物涉及酷氨酸新陈代谢的许多关键蛋白质的结构和功能。在这微型评论,我们将与昆虫相比在哺乳动物的一个进化观点的范围给我们关于酷氨酸的研究的简短概述新陈代谢的酶。 | Christopher John Vavricka Qian Han Prajwalini Mehere Haizhen Ding Bruce M. Christensen and Jianyong Li | 2014 | Insect Science2014，21，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Special features of the 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza AH1N1 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase显示文摘Since the 2009 pandemic H1N1 swine-origin influenza A virus (09 S-OIV) has reminded the world about the global threat of the ever changing influenza virus,many questions regarding the detailed re-assortment of influenza viruses yet remain unanswered.Influenza A virus is the causative agent of the pandemic flu and contains 2 major antigenic glycoproteins on its surface:(i) hemagglutinin (HA);and (ii) neuraminidase (NA).The structures of the 09 S-OIV HA and NA proteins (09H1 and 09N1) have recently been resolved in our laboratory and provide some clues as to why the 09 S-OIV re-assortment virus is highly infectious with severe consequences in humans.For example,the 09H1 is highly similar to the HA of the 1918 influenza A pandemic virus in overall structure and especially in regards to its 5 defined antibody binding epitopes.For 09N1,its most distinctive feature is the lack of a 150-loop active site cavity,which was previously predicted to be present in all N1 NAs,and we hypothesize that the 150-loop may play a important role in the substrate specificity (α2,3 or α2,6 linked sialic acid receptors) and enzymatic mechanism of influenza NA.Combination of the HA and NA with special characteristics for the 09 S-OIV might contribute to its high increased transmissibility in humans. | VAVRICKA Christopher John LIU Yue LI Qing SHI Yi WU Yan SUN YePing QI JianXun GAO George Fu | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，17： | 2 |
| 7 | Eval- uation of visual analog scales for the assessment of symptom severity in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 显示文摘 | SENTI G VAVRICKA B M GRAF N | 2007 | Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol2007，98，： | 1 |
| 8 | Endoscopy for repeatedly ingested sharp foreign bodies in patients with borderline personality disorder:an international survey显示文摘 | Frei-Lanter CM Vavricka SR Kruger TH | 2012 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol2012，24，7： | 1 |
| 9 | High altitude journeys and flights are associated with an increased risk of flares in inflammatory bowel dis- ease patients显示文摘 | VAVRICKA S R ROGLER G MAETZLER S | 2014 | J Crohns Colitis2014，8，： | 1 |
| 10 | Intestinal absorption and vitamin lev-els:is a new focus needed显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Rogler G | | 0，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Monitoring inflammatory bowel disease activity: clinical activity is judged to be more relevant than endoscopic severity or biomarkers显示文摘 | SCHOEPFER AM VAVRICKA S ZAHND-STRAUMANN N | 2012 | J Crohns Colitis2012，6，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Interactions of rifamycin SV and rifampicin with organic anion uptake systems of human liver显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Van M J Ha HR | 2002 | Hepatology2002，36，1： | 1 |
| 13 | High altitude journeys and flights are associated with an increased risk of flares in inflammatory bowel disease patients 显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Rogler G Maetzler S | 2014 | J Crohns Colitis2014，8，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Treatment of severe ulcera- tive colitis, differences in elderly patients? 显示文摘 | VAVRICKA S R ROGLER G | 2009 | Dig Dis2009，27，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Treatment of severe ulcerative colitis:differences in elderly patients显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Rogler G | | 0，，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Treatment of severe ulcerativecolitis: differences in elderly patients 显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Rogler G | 2009 | Dig Dis2009，27，： | 1 |
| 17 | Systematic evaluation of risk factors for diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel disease 显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Spigaglia SM Rogler G Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group | 2012 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2012，18，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Endoscopy for repeatedly ingested sharp foreign bodies in patients with borderline personality disorder: an international survey显示文摘 | Cornelia M. Frei-Lanter Stephan R. Vavricka Tillmann H.C. Kruger Radu Tutuian Andreas Geier Peter Bauerfeind Tanja Krones Michael Fried Pascal Frei | 2012 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2012，，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Serum protein electrophore- sis: an underused but very useful test 显示文摘 | Vavricka SR Burri E Beglinger C | 2009 | Digestion2009，79，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ increase PepT1 expression and activity in the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2/bbe and in mouse intestine显示文摘 | Stephan R. Vavricka Mark W. Musch Mikihiro Fujiya Keri Kles Laura Chang Jyrki J. Eloranta Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick Ken Drabik Didier Merlin Eugene B. Chang | 2006 | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology2006，，1： | 1 |
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