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| 1 | Genetic diversity of the hepatitis C virus: Impact and issues inthe antiviral therapy显示文摘The hepatitis C Virus (HCV) presents a high degree of genetic variability which is explained by the combination of a lack of proof reading by the RNA dependant RNA polymerase and a high level of viral replication. The re- sulting genetic polymorphism defines a classification in clades, genotypes, subtypes, isolates and quasispecies. This diversity is known to reflect the range of responses to Interferon therapy. The genotype is one of the pre- dictive parameters currently used to define the antiviral treatment strategy and the chance of therapeutic suc- cess. Studies have also reported the potential impact of the viral genetic polymorphism in the outcome of antivi- ral therapy in patients infected by the same HCV geno- type. Both structural and non structural genomic regions of HCV have been suggested to be involved in the Inter- feron pathway and the resistance to antiviral therapy. In this review, we first detail the viral basis of HCV diversity. Then, the HCV genetic regions that may be implicated in resistance to therapy are described, with a focus on the structural region encoded by the E2 gene and the non- structural genes NS3, NS5A and NS5B. Both mechanisms of the Interferon resistance and of the new antiviral drugs are described in this review. | H Le Guillou-Guillemette S Vallet C Gaudy-Graffin C Payan A Pivert A Goudeau F Lunel-Fabiani | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，17： | 6 |
| 2 | Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs显示文摘Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight(and therefore reduced intrauterine space) in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation,mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from small fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose(glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid)suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus.Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of m TOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental morphogenesis,but the details of these interactions remain unclear. In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. | Jeffrey L Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel Jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，2： | 5 |
| 3 | Experimental study of thermal stratification in ventilated confined spaces显示文摘 | Bouzinaoui A Vallete P Lemoine F | 2005 | Int J of Heat and Mass Transfer2005，48，19： | 1 |
| 4 | Nitric oxide scavenging mod ulates mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation 显示文摘 | Robin E Derichard A Vallet B | 2011 | Pharmacol Rep2011，63，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) is frequnently expressed in multiple myeloma and is an independent predictor of poor outcome 显示文摘 | Ladetto M Vallet S Trojan A | 2005 | Blood2005，105，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Uterine function in Meishan pigs显示文摘 | CHRISTENSON R K VALLET J L LEYMASTER K A | 1993 | J Reprod Fertil1993，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Histopathologie efficacy of ribavirin monotherapy in kidney allograft recipients with chronic hepatitis C 显示文摘 | FONTINE H VALLET A SELVES J | 2004 | Transplantation2004，78，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Protease Modulation of the Activity of the Epithelial Sodium Channel Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes显示文摘 | Chrabi A Vallet VP Firsov D | 1998 | J Gen Physiol(S 0022-- 1295)1998，111，： | 1 |
| 9 | 40-GHz photonic synthesizer using a dual-polarization microlaser显示文摘 | Rolland A Frein L Vallet M | 2010 | Photonics Technology Letters2010，22，23： | 1 |
| 10 | Ni/MgA lOregeneration for catalytic wet air oxidation of an azo-dye in trickle-bed reaction显示文摘 | Vallet A Ovejero G Rodríguez A et a1 | 2013 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2013，24，： | 1 |
| 11 | Tip-clearance and secondary flows in a transonic compressor rotor显示文摘 | Gerolymos G A Vallet Ⅰ | 1999 | Turhomaeh1999，121，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Human bocavirus: a cause of severe asthma exacerbation in children 显示文摘 | Vallet C Pons-Catalano C Mandelcwajg A | 2009 | J Pediatr2009，155，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Allelic variation in the erythropoietin receptor gene is associated with uterine capacity and litter size in swine显示文摘 | VALLET J L FREKING B A LEYMASTER K A | 2005 | Anim Genet2005，36，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Are hematocrit and placental efficiency selection tools for uterine capacity in swine显示文摘 | VALLET J L LEYMASTER K A CASSADY J P | 2001 | J Anim Sci2001，79，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Purification of an alcohol dehydrogenase involved in the conversion of methional to methionol in OenococCus oeni IOEB 8406显示文摘 | VALLET A SANTARELLI X LONVAUD-FUNEL A | 2009 | Applied Microbiology and Bioteehnology2009，82，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A new property of MCM-41:Drug delivery ays- tm显示文摘 | Vallet RM Ramila A Beal RP | 2001 | Chem biater2001，13，： | 1 |
| 17 | Immunodulatory drugs and thrapeutic vaccine in chronic hepatitis B infection显示文摘 | Lebmy P Vallet pichard A Michel ML | 2003 | J Hepatol2003，391，： | 1 |
| 18 | Allelic variation in the erythropoietin receptor gene is associated with uterine capacity and litter size in swine 显示文摘 | Vallet J L Freking B A LeYmaster K A | 2005 | Anita Genet2005，3，： | 1 |
| 19 | Tip-clearance and secondary flows in a transonic compressor rotor显示文摘 | Gerolymos G A Vallet I | 1999 | Turbomach1999，121，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Very-high-order WENO schemes显示文摘 | Gerolymos G A Sénéchal D Vallet I | 2009 | Journal of Computational Physics2009，228，23： | 1 |
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